Smart People magazine 4/2009

8/14/2019 Smart People magazine 4/2009

1/44

_ `dv| ~jh~mjUhmz`j 4Ksszj < DzAzs\ 6>>; Lkak|dm ajijvd|khis fvkia cihqmjlaj |h mkej

_@

_jm |dmc\bvjj mjsshis hvhujvoh`kia obdmmjiajs

^vjsklji| `zs| er Z)_)jlzod|khi ad~

Ozvkhsk|{ dil |bj od|7_|hvkjs hi fjkia kitzksk|ku

Zimkcjm{ bjvh7Jr ohi

hh|fdmmjv bjm~s ckllkj ohis

Odsb ksi| jihzab7@jdikia zm vjqdvls fj||jv

_dukia|bj oh`~di{

Hvlkidv{ s`dv| ~jh~mj qkmm obdiaj |bj hvadikwd|khi


2/44

Qhzmli| {hz gzs| mhuj |h |d~ |bjsj ~bhijs8

\ d s j |bj ~dssk[ v vadikwd|k i v o aikw |b ud ci q la ) D av d| bd f i ~ i| i ~v o dil { | ) F | | di{ { v ~

i|b kd |ko dl ~| v )

Q li| k| f q il v k { o l |vdi v |b kv i va{ vokd i |q vc |b { u dil a | |b d ckil ci q lao df vd|k i a kia d| q vc8 [ odi)

_`dv| ^jh~mj fvklajs |bj ad~ s dv| ^ ~ dadwki |d~ ki| |b okd i |q vckia ovdw di|b i va{ | |b q vc ~ do ) K| d o | | b ~ ~ ~ vf i | f |b i |q vckia dil ci q la q vckia)I q { odi o fvdil |b dadwki qk|b ~ okd d| v ~ ok

vadikwd|k i) \b i { dc k| dudk df | d { v ci q lao k i| dil ~~ k v ) \b { u k|- dil k| qk obdia |b oqd{ |bkia a | l i dv il { v ~ do )

_`dv| ^jh~mj dil _`dv| Hvadikwd|khis

Ohi|do| _`dv| ^jh~mj ~zfmksbjv- Gjvv{ Dsb s`dv|)az{4Ns`dv|~jh~mj`dadwkij)oh`

hv lj|dkms) Hv odmm bk`7 24?)??:)4?::


3/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 4

Uhmz`j 4

Ksszj < DzAzs\ 6>>;

Ohujv s|hv{ < _dukia |bj oh`~di{ Bhq hvlkidv{ s`dv|~jh~mj qkmm obdiaj |bjhvadikwd|khi

OBHH_KIA

5 _jm |dmc \bvjj mjsshis |bd| odi bjm~~jh~mj ziljvs|dil dilhujvoh`j ki mkej dil qhvc)

2 D |jv 4:> {jdvs h Ldvqki

_|zlji|s sjjc `kllmj avhzil fj|qjji sokjioj dil vjmkakhi)

Dmsh ki |bks ksszj

Jkab| ihv`s h vjdljvs ? \bj Cihqmjlaj Edo|hv C@ _kr ^doc^dv| \bvjj he dsjvkjs he skr dv|komjski|vhlzojs ijqm{jiadajl j`~mh{jjs dil`didajvs |h |bj fdskoshe cihqmjlaj fdsjlji|jv~vksj)

MKUKIA 46 Zimkcjm{ bjvh Jr ohi lvjd`jl he ~vh ehh|fdmm ki ~vkshi) Ihq bj lvjd`s he bjm~kia ckls)

4< Lhi| qhvv{- fj bd~~{ Dil sh k| ks) ^hsk|kuj |bkicjvs kiovjdsj mkejsd|ksedo|khi f{ fzkmlkia vjskmjioj)

4: K|s{ Fk|s{ s~kljv@zskodm m{vkos he obkmlbhhl shias ohzml jr~mdkiziki|ji|khidm d||k|zljs)

45 H|bjv sklj h di|k shokdm^vh shokdm ukljh ad`js `dcj obkmlbhhlckiljv- `hvj mkcjm{ |h bjm~ ih| bzv|)

42 @j`hv{ dil ohaik|kuj zio|khi

Z)_) sjikhvs |js| s`dv|jv |bdi Jiamksbohzi|jv~dv|s hi `j`hv{ dil ohaik|kujezio|khis)

_@

; Mkcj ~jds ki d ~hl Qj sqk` ki d sjd he kiehv`d|khi fz| ~jh~mj ~vjejv mkcj `kiljl

ukjqs)

4> Lhi| jjm mkcj k|8 Aj| hujv k|)Qj `zs| dmm szeejv evh` hij he |qh

~dkis7 |bj ~dki he lksok~mkijhv |bj ~dki he vjavj|)


4/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ

6 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

OBHH_KIA MJDVIKIA

OVJD\KIA

QHVCKIA

6< Ki|jvij| doojss Kiehv`dm dlzm| mjdvikia sbhzml|dvaj| |bj shokdmm{ jromzljl)6: Qbd| bduj K mjdvijl

d| qhvc8 D ujv{ k`~hv|di|tzjs|khi~dv|kozmdvm{ kiozvvji| johih`koohilk|khis)

?< Odsb ksi| jihzab

J`~mh{jjs `dcj dsc ehv odsb- fz| k|s |bj mjds| jeejo|kuj ehv`he vjohaik|khi)

?5 \bj jtzk|{ do|hv \bks mk||mj ad`j ~vhujsjujv{hij cjj~s sohvj kivjmd|khisbk~s)

?1 Ki lj jisj h ajijvdmks|s \bj obhkoj hujv s~jokdmks|slj~jils hi |bjvjtzkvj`ji|s he |bj ghf)

?2 Oh`jl{ Omzf d| qhvc

Mdzab|jv ki |bj qhvc~mdojajijvd|js ~vh |dfkmk|{ dil~vhlzo|kuk|{)

61 k^hl \hzob ki omdssvhh`s8

\jdobjv zsjs ~h~zmdvljukoj ehvomdssvhh` mjdvikia)

6> Ehv|zij 4>>> jrjos O szk|j jrjoz|kujs qdvi ~vjsklji|kdm

odilkld|js |bj{ `zs| r Z)_)jlzod|khidm ad~)

66 \bj udmzj h d ohmmjaj jlzod|khi Aj| Vkob_mhqm{ fmhaajvs akujs{hz d `kmmkhi

vjdshis |h s|d{ki sobhhm)

?> J^D ohmmdfhvd|js _`dv| Avhq|b D`jvkodd~~mdzls ki|jvdajio{ `hujhi mkudfmj oh``zik|kjs)

?6 @hij|kwkia {hzv fmha ^vh fmhaajv sd{s `dcj szvj {hzv~dsskhi ks `dvcj|dfmj dil sjmm-sjmm- sjmm)

62 Ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od|

\qh s|hvkjs-

kitzksk|kujijssodi fjldiajvhzs fz|k| ks d ~hqjvezm`h|kud|hv)


5/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ ?

JLK\HVKDM FHDVL

Dfhz| _`dv| ^jh~mjEhmmhqkia |bj jkab| ihv`s he hzv vjdljvs\bj jlk|hvkdm ~hmko{ he _`dv| ^jh~mj `dadwkij ehmmhqs |bj Jkab|Ihv`s he Ij| Ajijvs ds ljsovkfjl f{ Lhi \d~soh|| ki bks fhhc Avhqi Z~ Lkak|dm) Qj kiomzlj Lkak|dm ^khijjvs dil Od|obkia Z~

Lkak|dms)\bks ks d ijq `jlkd ~zfmkod|khi ki jujv{ sjisj he |bj qhvl) K|ks ~zfmksbjl himkij zskia |bj ki|jvdo|kuj obdiijms he Qjf 6)> |hjidfmj ~vhsz`jvs ~jh~mj qbh qdi| |h bduj d bdil ki sbd~kia |bj`dadwkij |h ohmmdfhvd|j hi ohi|ji| dil lkvjo|khi)

\bj Jkab| Ihv`s qj zsj ds hzv azkljmkijs dvj7Evjjlh`7 Ij| Ajijvs lj`dil |bj evjjlh` |h obhhsj) \bj `hvj |bj fj||jv) \bj Ki|jvij| bds jidfmjl |bd| vkab| dil qj jdajvm{ oh`~j|j ki|bd| jiukvhi`ji|)Ozs|h`kwd|khi7 \bj `dadwkij qkmm ohi|kizj |h juhmuj ds _`dv|^jh~mjvj~vjsji|d|kujs bhs| lksozsskhi avhz~s ki |bj shokdm ij|qhvcs

dil dluhod|j obdiajs ki |bj `dadwkij)_ovz|ki{7 Qj jr~jo| s`dv| ~jh~mj |h jrd`kij hzv udmzj dillj|jv`kij qbj|bjv hzv `dadwkij ks ziktzj dil qhv|b |k`j dil`hij{) Dil- qj jr~jo| |h fj ohi|kizdmm{ |js|jl)Ki|javk|{7 \h jdvi {hzv |vzs|- _`dv| ^jh~mj `zs| ljmkujv tzdmk|{-vjmjudio{ dil |vz|b f{ sbdvkia |bj fjs| he cihqmjlaj dilkiehv`d|khi evh` |bj `hs| vjmkdfmj he shzvojs)Ohmmdfhvd|khi7 _`dv| ^jh~mj `dadwkij bds fjji ljujmh~jl kiohmmdfhvd|khi qk|b shokdm ij|qhvcjvs ki di h~ji- himkij qhvcsk|j)Hzv ~vhsz`jvs ohi|kizj |h fj hzv fhdvl he lkvjo|hvs)Ji|jv|dki`ji|7 Qj mjdvi dil qj lh hzv fjs| qbji qjvj bdukiaezi) _`dv| ^jh~mj `dadwkij ks ljmkfjvd|jm{ tzkoc dil mkujm{ dil ezmmhe `jdikia- dmm d| hioj)_~jjl7 Ih hij jujv sdkl `dadwkijs qjvj s~jjl{) Fz| |bj{mm sd{ k|dfhz| |bks hij) \bj `dadwkij `d{ fj d ~jvkhlkodm- fz| |bj hq he ohiujvsd|khi ks ihq)Kiihud|khi7 \bjvjs ijujv fjji di{|bkia mkcj _`dv| ^jh~mj `dadwkij)Qj ldvj |h fj lkeejvji| fjodzsj qj |bkic lkeejvji|m{ dil qj zvajhzv vjdljvs |h |bkic lkeejvji|m{ |hh) Qj bjjl |bj Jkab| Ihv`s fjodzsj qj fjmkjuj ki |bj`)

Ldukl A v| i

Cihqmjlaj @didaj`ji|

\ Ldu i~ v|

Kiehv`d|khi \jobihmha{

D ko `doAk kuvd{

_`dv| jh~mj Ij|qhvcjvs

V f v| Q il u v

Ajijvd|khidm _|zlkjs

\b _`dv| ^jh~mj `dadwki F dvl Lkv o| v k f kia odv|b lkod { o i |v o| l | d v fv dl v ~v i|d|k i

dil ~v k id ki| v | v d lk io - vdiakia vvlkidv{ dv| ~ ~ ) Q kiuk| aa |k i dil d k |d

G vv{ D b7 dv|)a {4N dv|~ ~ dadwki )o

^zfmksbjv Gjvv{ Dsbs`dv|)az{4Ns`dv|~jh~mj`dadwkij)oh`@didakia jlk|hv @kobjmj Dsb`kobjmjNs`dv|~jh~mj`dadwkij)oh`

\jobihmha{ f{ Fhvks Gdjajv fhvks)gdjajvNs`dv|~jh~mj`dadwkij)oh`

Avd~bko ljskai f{ Dsshokd|jl ^vhejsskhidm _jvukojsljskaijvXd~sNujvkwhi)ij|

_hokdm ij|qhvc bhs|s

ji|kv o i| i| o ~{vkab| l- 6>>;- f{ D okd| l ^v k id s vuko - ~ f k b v) D vkab| dv v vu l) O i| i| d{ i | f v ~ f k b l "ki ~vki|

v o|v ikod {+ qk|b | ~ v k k i |b ~ f k b v)h~kik i r~v l dv |b |b qvk| v dil d{ i | v ~v i| |b ~kik i D okd| l v k ids vuko v s dv| ^ ~ dadwki )

s dv| ^ ~ dadwki D okd| l v k id s vuko 4244 D|vk Lvku s i Ok|{ O i| v- E vkld ??:1? ^b i 7 24?)5?


6/44

OHUJV _\HV[

< _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

^dv| K7 _dukia |bj oh`~di{Bhq hvlkidv{ s`dv| ~jh~mj qkmm obdiaj |bj hvadikwdF{ Lduj ^hmmdvl

Hij he |bj `hs| k`~hv|di||bkias Kuj mjdvijl ki |bjmds| ejq {jdvs ks |bd|- jroj~|ehv sjikhv `didaj`ji|- ihhij ki `hs| hvadikwd|khisvjdmm{ ziljvs|dils qbd| |bj fzskijss he |bj hvadikwd|khisks dmm dfhz| bhq ljokskhisdvj `dlj- qbd| kiehv`d|khi kszsjl dil bhq- j|o)

Dil- d| |bj sd`j |k`j-

sjikhv `didaj`ji| vjdmm{bds ih omzj dfhz| qbd| ahjshi d| |bj evhi| mkijs he |bjkvhvadikwd|khi- hv hz|sklj |bjkv

hvadikwd|khi qbd| ~h|ji|kdmijq vjovzk|s|bkic- qbd|ozs|h`jvsvjdmm{ |bkic dfhz| |bj

hvadikwd|khi-

j|o)

\bks sbhzml fj hfukhzs-ke {hz |bkic dfhz| k|) _jikhv`didajvs dvj kiszmd|jl evh`|bj evhi| mkijs dil ozs|h`jvs)Ih hij qdi|s |h |jmm |bj fhss qbd|s qvhia qk|b |bjhvadikwd|khi k|s d odvjjvmk`k|kia `huj)

Dil sjikhv `didajvs dvj|hh fzs{ |h s~jil `zob tzdmk|{|k`j qk|b jk|bjv j`~mh{jjshv ozs|h`jvs) \h |bj jr|ji||bj{ ki|jvdo| qk|b ozs|h`jvs

k|s qk|b |bj sjikhv `didajvshe |bhsj ozs|h`jvs- qbh dvjmkcjqksj zijimkab|jijl dfhz|qbd| ks ahkia hi ki |bjkv hqihvadikwd|khis) _h ljokskhisdvj `dlj- he|ji- ki d udozz`- fdsjl hi lj okji| dil m|jvjlkiehv`d|khi)

Ds ehv |bj mkij j`~mh{jjs-|bj{ zszdmm{ bduj ijujv fjjijr~hsjl |h hv |dzab| dfhz|qbd| ahjs hi ki h|bjv ~dv|s

he |bj hvadikwd|khi- hv bhq`didajvs `dcj ljokskhis)\bks ks aj||kia qhvsj7 \bj

ozvvji| ajijvd|khi he {hziaj`~mh{jjs dvj mkcjm{ |h qhvc ki

46 hvadikwd|khis ki |bjkvodvjjvs ih| jihzab

|k`j |h vjdmm{ azvjhz| |bj fzskijss he |bj fzskijss ki di{

he |bj`)\bj |vdajl{ ks

|bd| he|ji ijk|bjv |bj{ ihv|bjkv sjikhv `didajvs |bkic |bj{ ijjl |h cihq qbd| |bj fzskijss ks dmm dfhz|- zimjssdil zi|km |bj{ fjoh`j sjikhv`didajvs |bj`sjmujs)

_h hs| j`~mh{jjss~jil |bjkv ji|kvj odvjjvsejjmkia ziljv d~~vjokd|jl-lksohiijo|jl- ijujv ohiszm|jl-dil diih{jl d| s|z~kl

kis|vzo|khis dil zsjmjsskiehv`d|khi vjtzjs|s evh``didaj`ji|) Dil |bj{ bduj|his he ujv{ zsjezm kiehv`d|khidfhz| ozs|h`jvs- h~jvd|khidmkijeejo|kujijss- dil qbd|sahkia hi ki |bj qhvml dil|bj `dvcj|~mdoj |bd| ks ijujvshmkok|jl dil ijujv ~vheejvjl)

K odvj dfhz| dmm |bks fjodK bduj s~ji| dfhz| hij |bkvlhe `{ odvjjv ki di dvjd odmmjlCihqmjlaj @didaj`ji|)

\bks lksok~mkij fjadi dfhz|4: {jdvs dah dil bds mdvajm{ehmmhqjl |bj |vdoc he h|bjv fzskijss edls mkcj fzskijss~vhojss vjjiakijjvkia dil |h|dmtzdmk|{ `didaj`ji| d zvv{he kiujs|`ji| dil ji|bzskds`-ehmmhqjl f{ lksjiobdi|`ji|dil idmm{ dfdilhi`ji|)

\bj ~vhfmj` qk|b C@ks |bd| |bj ~jh~mj obdvajlqk|b ki|vhlzokia k| ki|h

hvadikwd|khis qjvj `hs|m{evhi| mkij fdoc he oj ~jh~mj `kllmj `didajvs qk|bd fdocavhzil ki mkfvdv{`didaj`ji|- K\ hv |vdkikia)Ejq he |bj` vjdmm{ cijq bhqljokskhis qjvj `dlj hv qbd|vjshzvojs qjvj dmmhod|jl ki|bjkv hvadikwd|khis)

\bj mkfvdv{ ~jh~mj sdqC@ ds d ohi|ji| `didaj`ji|jrjvoksj) \bj K\ ~jh~mj sdqC@ ds d sj| he |jobihmha{~vhgjo|s "ki|vdij|s- jr|vdij|s-avhz~qdvj+) \bj |vdkikia~jh~mj sdq C@ ds di jmjdvikia ujbkomj)

_jikhv `didajvs qjvj`hs|m{ ziji|bzskds|ko- qhvvkjlk| qhzml s~dqi `hvj K\ fzvjdzovdo{ mkcj j`dkm- ih|sjjkia di{ ijq udmzj ~vhukljl f{ k|) \bjkv bh~j- |vdakodmm{-


7/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ :

OHUJV _\HV

qds |bd| C@ `kab| dz|h`d|jsh`j fdoc he oj ezio|khisdil dmmhq ohs| sdukias "j)a)- fmhqkia z~ |bj ohv~hvd|jmkfvdv{+)

Qj `kab| fj dfmj |hziljvs|dil |bj vjdshis ehvC@s edkmzvj ke qj mhhcjl d||bj udmzj he kiehv`d|khi |hhvadikwd|khis |bvhzab |bjj{js he sjikhv `didajvs- evhi|mkij j`~mh{jjs dil ozs|h`jvs)

\dcj d mhhc fdoc |h 4;1: ki|jvidm `j`hs- |{~jl z~ f{sjovj|dvkjs- kis|vzo|jl evhi|mkij dil fdoc he oj j`~mh{jjsqbd| |h lh- dil vjtzkvjl |bj`|h vj~hv| ~vhlzo|khi ld|d

|bd| `didajvs ohzml zsj ehv`dckia ljokskhis)Qvk||ji kiehv`d|khi

hqjl ujv|kodmm{- ih|bhvkwhi|dmm{) @didajvs |dmcjlqk|b h|bjv `didajvs- dilj`~mh{jjs |dmcjl qk|b h|bjvj`~mh{jjs- dil hoodskhidmm{qk|b hz|sklj ohmmjdazjs- |hmjdvi |bjkv ghfs dil sbdvjqbd| |bj{ bdl mjdvijl)

D ejq j`~mh{jjs bdl

s|dv|jl zskia |bj Ki|jvij| dilh|bjv jmjo|vhiko shzvojs he kiehv`d|khi ehv vjsjdvob- fz|`hs| vjsjdvob qds lhij zskia|bj ki|jvidm mkfvdv{ hv hz|sklj ghzvidms)

Ozs|h`jvs vjojkujl~vki|jl `dvcj|kia `d|jvkdmevh` |bj hvadikwd|khi- dilszf`k||jl |bjkv hvljvs) \bjsjqjvj |bj ~vkiok~dm kiehv`d|khi

hqs ki hvadikwd|khis d| |bd||k`j)

\bks do|zdmm{ `dlj d mh|he sjisj qbji {hz ohiskljvbhq sjikhv `didajvs sdq- dilh~jvd|jl- |bjkv hvadikwd|khis)\bj ghf he sjikhv `didajvsqds dil ks |h `dcj |bjhvadikwd|khi szs|dkidfmj)@didajvs lh |bks f{ `dckiaovk|kodm ljokskhis- ksszkiakis|vzo|khis- od~|zvkia

~jvehv`dioj ld|d- dil|qjdckia |bhsj ljokskhisdoohvlkiam{) \bj udvkdfmjs|bj{ ijjl |h qd|ob dil `dcjljokskhis dfhz| dvj74) Odsb hq7 \bj ij| vjszm|

he sdmjs- kiujs|`ji|s-mhdis dil sbdvj ksszjs-ahujvi`ji| kioji|kujs-h~jvd|kia jr~jisjs- V%L-lkukljils- dil od~k|dmjr~jilk|zvjs)

6) _bdvj ~vkoj7 Kiujs|hvsdssjss`ji| he ez|zvjavhq|b ki odsb hq- qbkobks ovk|kodm |h hf|dkikia mhqohs| od~k|dm)

?) Vkscs dil h~~hv|zik|kjs7

\bvjd|s evh` ijq diljrks|kia oh`~j|k|hvs-d udvkj|{ he |bvjd|s |hvj~z|d|khi dil fzskijssohi|kizk|{- vjazmd|hv{obdiajs- vd|j obdiajs-sz~~m{ obdiajs-evdzls- lksds|jvs- dilh~~hv|zik|kjs |h kiihud|j-`dcj dotzksk|khis-hz|shzvoj- vjhvadikwj hvobdiaj od~k|dm s|vzo|zvj

\h `didaj odsb hq-`didajvs ~vjsszvj j`~mh{jjs|h il qd{s |h kiovjdsj sdmjsdil vjlzoj ohs|s) Fzlaj|s-vjshzvoj dmmhod|khisdil`hi|bm{ |dvaj|s dil vj~hv|kiadvj |bjkv mjujvs ehv lhkia sh)

\h `didaj sbdvj ~vkoj-|bj{ ijjl |h jiszvj |bd|odsb hq ks dmqd{s s|jdlkm{vkskia) Qbji odsb hq evh`h~jvd|khis edkms |h `jj||dvaj|s- |bj{ mhhc d| md{hees-hz|shzvokia- od~k|dm fzlaj|vjlzo|khis- kiovjdskiaahujvi`ji| kioji|kujs|bvhzab mhff{kia- oz||kialkukljils hv vjhvadikwkia"j)a) - lkujs|kia zi~vh |dfmjh~jvd|khis+)

\h `didaj vkscs- |bj{ qkmmdotzkvj- szj hv hz| dlujv|ksjoh`~j|k|hvs- bkvj ^V v`s |h

qbk|jqdsb dil avjjiqdsb|bjkv shokdm dil jiukvhi`ji|dm`ksljjls- ~z| ohi|vhms ki~mdoj |h vjlzoj vksc he evdzl- fz{ kiszvdioj dil bjlajs|h vjlzoj jr~hszvj |h vd|jobdiajs dil lksds|jvs- mhff{dadkis| ijq vjazmd|khis-mhoc ki hv dotzkvj sz~~mkjvs-hz|shzvoj ihi ovk|kodmh~jvd|khis)

\h `didaj h~~hv|zik|{-d ejq qkmm kiujs| kikiihud|khi- fz| ehv `hs| mdvajvhvadikwd|khis- k| ks `zob sdejv|h dotzkvj s`dmm kiihud|kujoh`~dikjs- |h zsj mjujvdaj"fhvvhq evh` |bj fdic+ qbji

ki|jvjs| vd|js dvj mhqjv |bdi~vh | `dvakis- dil |bvhzab~mdiijl hfshmjsojioj f{ohis|di|m{ ehvokia ozs|h`jvs|h vj~mdoj hv z~avdlj- dilmhockia |bj` ki |h |bjhvadikwd|khis ~vhlzo|)

\bks ks qbd| sjikhv`didajvs lh) K| ks ih|szv~vkskia- |bjvjehvj- |bd||bj{ |jil |h sjj K\- C@ dil|vdkikia ds ihi udmzj dlljl

do|kuk|kjs)\bj{ qjvj aj||kia |bjkiehv`d|khi |bj{ ijjljl fjehvj |bj dluji| he oh`~z|jvs- sh qb{ sbhzml|bj{ kiujs| ki ijq K\ dilC@ ~vhgjo|s8 Dil skioj|bj{ jr~jo| dil vjojkuj mk||mjmh{dm|{ evh` j`~mh{jjs- qb{sbhzml |bj{ kiujs| ki |vdkikia|bj`- qbji |bj jssji|kdmcihqmjlaj |bj{ ijjl `zs| fj hf|dkijl hi |bj ghfdi{qd{8

_|h~~kia bjvj ks mkcj bdukia |hqdk| |bvhzab d \U oh``jvokdm-fz| ^dv| KK ks qhv|b qdk|kia ehv) K|fjakis |bj mhhc ehvqdvl |h sjj bhqhvlkidv{ s`dv| ~jh~mj qkmm obdiaj|bks ~ko|zvj)

Ldu dvlk v v obci q la

o v jvi[ ia- o dob

i|v ~v i vdil qvk| B| sdu |b Q v l qbkob vdic bkab i |b f a k |Odidld b||~7(f a ) d i)o (>>>6>>1


8/44

OBHH_KIA

5 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

_jme |dmc \bvjj mjsshis ehv hujvoh`kia obdmmjiajs

O B H H

_ K I A

F{ Lv) _|juji _|jkifjva

_|jqdv| ks d


9/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 1

OBHH_KI

~vhfmj`s he {hzv fzskijsshv {hzv mkej) Evjjlh`-vjs~hiskfkmk|{ dil ~zv~hsjdvj |bj udmzjs |bd| qj mjdvievh` |bj |bvjj mjsshis)

\bj cj{ ~hki| he |bj |bvjjmjsshis ks |bd| ki mkej {hz odiobhhsj |h ehozs hi ~vhfmj`shv ~zv~hsj) Ehozskia hi~vhfmj`s odzsjs ~dki dilszeejvkia)

\bj ~hqjv he ~zv~hsj-{hzv _h |bd|XXX$ hujvvkljs|bj ~dki he {hzv ~vhfmj`s)[hz `zs| lksohujv {hzv _h|bd|XXX$ ~zv~hsj ks |bj

k~sklj he ~vhfmj`s) Qk|bhz|~vhfmj`s {hz qhzml bduj ih

~zv~hsj) ^vhfmj`s- hfs|domjsdil obdmmjiajs jrks| sh |bd|qj odi shmuj |bj`$ \bd| ksqb{ qj dvj ki |bj fzskijss he mkej- |h sjvuj h|bjvs f{ shmukia|bjkv ~vhfmj`s) \bj{- ki|zvi- sjvuj zs f{ shmukia hzv~vhfmj`s) \haj|bjv- qj odihujvoh`j di{ obdmmjiaj)

Bjvj dvj sh`j |k~s |hcjj~ ki `kil qbji |v{kia |hhujvoh`j obdmmjiajs7i Ehozsjs hi evjjlh`)Qbkmj {hz odiih| obhhsj

{hzv ohilk|khis- {hz dvjji|kvjm{ evjj |h obhhsj{hzv vjs~hisj |h |bhsjohilk|khis) Lhi| ehozshi |bj obdmmjiaj k|sjme3kis|jdl ehozs hi {hzvobhkojs vjadvlkia bhq |h

r |bj ~vhfmj`) Bduj dez|zvj ehozs)

i Ehozsjs hi vjs~hiskfkmk|{)\bjvj dvj |qh ~dv|s |hvjs~hiskfkmk|{) \bj vs|ks |bj dfkmk|{ |h vjs~hil)K d` evjj |h vjs~hiljuji ki |bj ~vjsjioj he ziojv|dki|{) \bj sjohil~dv| ks |bd| K d` evjj |hobhhsj d ~hsk|kuj j|bkodmdil `hvdm vjs~hisj)Vjs~hiskfkmk|{ k`~mkjsdo|kia ds hij hzab| |h do|)

i Ehozsjs hi ~zv~hsj) Jdobhe zs qds ~z| bjvj qk|bsh`j s~jokdm ~zv~hsj)Qbd| `zsko qjvj {hz~z| bjvj |h `dcj8 @dcjszvj |bd| qbji k| ks |k`j|h mjduj |bks qhvml {hz lhih| ah qk|b `hs| he {hzv`zsko s|kmm ki {hz) [hz odi

ovjd|j di jr|vdhvlkidv{ fzskijss) Lh ih| ehozs hibhq bdvl k| ks |h ~md{ {hzv`zsko) Ehozs kis|jdl hi|bj szoojss dil bd~~kijss{hzv `zsko odi fvkia {hz)Ki fzskijss dil ki mkej

{hz `zs| obhhsj fj|qjji fmd`j dil vjs~hiskfkmk|{)Hujvoh`kia obdmmjiajs fjakis f{ dooj~|kiavjs~hiskfkmk|{) Fmd`kia `dcjs

hij ejjm fj||jv ki |bd| `h`ji|)[hz ejjm ji|k|mjl |h d mkejdil d fzskijss qk|bhz| di{szeejvkia)

D ehozs hi ejjmkias- hivkab|s qk|bhz| vjs~hiskfkmk|kjs-dil hi ~ds| odzsjs ijujv mjdls|h szoojss dil kiijv ~jdoj)\bj him{ ~d|b |h hujvoh`kiaobdmmjiajs ks |h obdiaj hzvehozs evh` qbd| odzsjl |bj

~vhfmj` |h bhq |h shmuj |bj~vhfmj`)

\bj |bvjj mjsshis he mjdvikia dvj hij he `di{ |hhms|bd| odi bjm~ {hz ziljvs|dildil hujvoh`j obdmmjiajsqbkmj |vdisehv`kia {hzv qhvc dil mkej evh` hvlkidv{ |hjr|vdhvlkidv{)

Evjjlh`- vjs~hiskfkmk|{dil ~zv~hsj dvj |bj udmzjsqj odi zsj |h |vdisehv` hzvqhvc dil hzv mkujs evh` dihvlkidv{ ~mdoj qbjvj qj dvjhujvqbjm`jl f{ obdmmjiajsdil ~vhfmj`s ki|h dijr|vdhvlkidv{ ~mdoj he szoojssdil bd~~kijss)

Lv) _|juji _|jkifjva ks d lji|ks|qk|b ^dvckishis lksjdsj qbh

|jdobjs |bd|- juji qbji edokiaszeejvkia- jr|vdhvlkidv{ mkukiaks dmqd{s d obhkoj qj odi `dcj)Bj qhvcs qk|b hvadikwd|khis dil~jh~mj qbh qdi| |h |vdisehv`|bjkv fzskijssjs dil |bjkv mkujs evh` hvlkidv{ |h jr|vdhvlkidv{)Qjf sk|j7 qqq)s~jdckiaheudmzjs)oh` ( j`dkm7 ohi|do|Ns~jdckiaheudmzjs)oh`


10/44


11/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ ;

OBHH_KI

Mkcj ~jds ki d ~hlQj sqk` ki d sjd he kieh fz| ~jh~mj ~vjejv mkcj `kiljl ukjqsIjq didm{sks he ld|d evh` lhwjishe s|zlkjs sbjls ijq mkab| hi bhqqj obhhsj qbd| qj lh dil lh ih|bjdv)

Qbkmj ~jh~mj |jil |h duhklkiehv`d|khi |bd| ohi|vdlko|s qbd||bj{ dmvjdl{ |bkic hv fjmkjuj-ojv|dki edo|hvs odi odzsj |bj` |hsjjc hz|- hv d| mjds| ohiskljv- h|bjv~hki|s he ukjq)

\bj didm{sks- vj~hv|jl |bks`hi|b ki ^s{obhmhakodm Fzmmj|ki ~zfmksbjl f{ |bj D`jvkodi^s{obhmhakodm Dsshokd|khi dil mjl f{ vjsjdvobjvs d| |bj Zikujvsk|{he Kmmkihks dil |bj Zikujvsk|{ he Emhvkld- ~z|s |h vjs| d mhias|dilkialjfd|j hujv qbj|bjv ~jh~mj do|kujm{duhkl kiehv`d|khi |bd| ohi|vdlko|sqbd| |bj{ fjmkjuj- hv qbj|bjv |bj{dvj sk`~m{ jr~hsjl `hvj he|ji |hkljds |bd| ohiehv` |h |bjkv hqi fjodzsj |bj{ |jil |h fj szvvhziljl f{ mkcj `kiljl ~jh~mj)

Qj qdi|jl |h sjj jrdo|m{dovhss |bj fhdvl |h qbd| jr|ji|~jh~mj dvj qkmmkia |h sjjc hz| |bj|vz|b ujvszs gzs| s|d{ oh`ehv|dfmjqk|b qbd| |bj{ cihq- sdklZikujvsk|{ he Kmmkihks ~s{obhmha{~vhejsshv Lhmhvjs Dmfdvvdoi- ^bL-qbh mjl |bj s|zl{ qk|b Zikujvsk|{he Emhvkld vjsjdvobjv Qkmmkd` Bdv|-^bL)

\bj |jd` dmsh kiomzljlvjsjdvobjvs evh` Ihv|bqjs|jvi

Zikujvsk|{ dil Hbkh Zikujvsk|{)\bj vjsjdvobjvs ehzil |bd|~jh~mj dvj dfhz| |qkoj ds mkcjm{ |hsjmjo| kiehv`d|khi |bd| sz~~hv|s|bjkv hqi ~hki| he ukjq "51 ~jvoji|+ds |h ohiskljv di h~~hskia kljd "??~jvoji|+)

Ojv|dki kilkuklzdms- |bhsjqk|b omhsj `kiljl ~jvshidmk|kjs-dvj juji `hvj vjmzo|di| |hjr~hsj |bj`sjmujs |h lkeejvkia

~jvs~jo|kujs- Dmfdvvdoi sdkl) \bj{qkmm h~| ehv |bj kiehv`d|khi |bd|ohvvjs~hils |h |bjkv ukjqs ijdvm{ 1:~jvoji| he |bj |k`j)

\bj vjsjdvobjvs dmsh ehzil- ih|szv~vkskiam{- |bd| ~jh~mj dvj `hvjvjsks|di| |h ijq ~hki|s he ukjqqbji |bjkv hqi kljds dvj dsshokd|jlqk|b ~hmk|kodm- vjmkakhzs hv j|bkodmudmzjs)

Ke {hz dvj vjdmm{ oh``k||jl |h{hzv hqi d||k|zlj ehv jrd`~mj- ke {hz dvj d ujv{oh``k||jlLj`hovd| {hz dvj `hvjmkcjm{ |h sjjc ohiajikdmkiehv`d|khi-|bd| ks-kiehv`d|khi|bd|ohvvjs~hilsqk|b {hzv

ukjqs-Dmfdvvdoisdkl)

Ke |bjksszjs ohiojvi`hvdm udmzjshv ~hmk|kos-dfhz| 1> ~jvoji| he |bj |k`j {hzqkmm obhhsj ohiajikdm kiehv`d|khi-ujvszs dfhz| 5> ~jvoji| he |bj|k`j ke |bj ksszjs dvj ih| vjmd|jl |hudmzjs)

^jvbd~s `hvj szv~vkskiam{-~jh~mj qbh bduj mk||mj ohi ljiojki |bjkv hqi fjmkjes dvj mjss mkcjm{|h jr~hsj |bj`sjmujs |h ohi|vdv{ukjqs |bdi ~jh~mj qbh dvj ujv{ohi lji| ki |bjkv hqi kljds-Dmfdvvdoi sdkl)

Ojv|dki edo|hvs odi dmsh kilzoj~jh~mj |h sjjc hz| h~~hskia ~hki|she ukjq- sbj sdkl) \bhsj qbh `d{bduj |h ~zfmkom{ ljejil |bjkv kljds-

szob ds ~hmk|kokdis- ehv jrd`~mj-

dvj `hvj `h|kud|jl |h mjdvi dfhz||bj ukjqs he |bhsj qbh h~~hsj|bj`) Ki |bj ~vhojss- sbj sdkl- |bj{sh`j|k`js il |bd| |bjkv hqi kljdsjuhmuj)

^jh~mj dvj dmsh `hvj mkcjm{ |hjr~hsj |bj`sjmujs |h h~~hskiakljds qbji k| ks zsjezm |h |bj` kish`j qd{- Dmfdvvdoi sdkl)

Ke {hzvj ahkia |h fz{ d bhzsjdil {hz vjdmm{ mkcj |bj bhzsj- {hzvj

s|kmm ahkia |h bduj k| kis~jo|jl- sbjsdkl)

Ehv |bj `hs| ~dv|- k| sjj`s|bd| ~jh~mj |jil |h s|d{ qk|b |bjkvhqi fjmkjes dil d||k|zljs fjodzsjobdiakia |bhsj `kab| ~vjuji| |bj`evh` mkukia |bj mkujs |bj{vj mkukiaDmfdvvdoi sdkl)

Fz| k|s ahhl ijqs |bd| hij hz|he |bvjj |k`js- hv omhsj |h |bd|- |bj{dvj qkmmkia |h sjjc hz| |bj h|bjvsklj)


12/44

OBHH_KIA

4> _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

Lhi| ejjm mkcj k|8 Aj| hujv k|)F{ Ldukl Fjiwjm

Qbji \dvdb qds 46- k| qdsoh``hi |h sjj bjv qvk|kia

lhqi s~jok o qd|jv sckkiaahdms hi ohmhvjl ~d~jv qk|bdi dv|ks|ko dkv)

_h`j ahdms qjvj sbhv||jv` ~jvehv`dioj |dvaj|s-qbkmj h|bjvs mhhcjl `zobezv|bjv hz| d| s~jok ohz|oh`js mkcj `dckia |bj Z)_)\jd`)

_bj qds oh`~j|k|kuj dillj|jv`kijl |h qki d id|khidm|k|mj)

\bj ed`km{ dqhcj hij~dv|kozmdv _d|zvld{ `hvikia|h il |bj qjd|bjv qkil{-hujvods| dil ids|{) \bj mdcjqds vhzab- fz| ih| |hh vhzab

|h sck)\dvdbs ed|bjv cijq k|qhzmli| fj ~mjdsdi|- fz| |bj{qjvj ~mdiikia hi d ahhl ld{he ~vdo|koj) Bj diihziojl |bd|bjl ah lhqi |h |bj mdcj dil

aj| |bj fhd| vjdl{)\dvdb vj~mkjl-

Ldl- K lhi| vjdmm{ejjm mkcj sckkia|hld{) Bj sdkl- Kziljvs|dil) Kmm ahaj| |bj fhd| vjdl{)_bj mhhcjlszv~vksjl dil sdkldadki- K|s ids|{hz| |bjvj- dil Kvjdmm{ lhi| ejjmmkcj ~vdo|kokia)

\h qbkob bjdadki vj~mkjl- K cihq- {hzvjvkab|) Kmm ah aj| |bj fhd|vjdl{) F{ |bji sbj qds vjdmm{

evzs|vd|jl) Ldl$ Lhi| {hzaj| k|8 K lhi| ejjm mkcj k|$

Ekidmm{ k| qds |k`j |h`dcj |bj ~hki|) \dvdb- k|s~jvejo|m{ ij |bd| {hz lhi|ejjm mkcj sckkia- fz| qbd| lhjs|bd| bduj |h lh qk|b k|8 Mj|slh k| di{qd{)

Ki fzskijss dil ki mkej-{hz oh``him{ s|d|j {hzvahdms dil ~mh| {hzv ohzvsjehv vjdobkia |bj`) Bhqjujv-|bjvj qkmm fj `di{ ld{s qbji

{hz lhi|ejjm mkcjlhkia |bjqhvc- fz|ah dbjdldil lh k|di{qd{)

Ejjmkia mkcj k| ks ih| d~vj vjtzksk|j) Ki \dvdbs odsj-k|s |bjhvj|kodmm{ ~hsskfmj |hih| ejjm mkcj k| dmm |bj qd{ |hd id|khidm |k|mj- ke sbjs qkmmkia|h lh |bj qhvc$

Lhkia |bj bdvl |bkias ks

he|ji dooh`~dikjl f{ ih|ejjmkia mkcj k|)Bhqjujv- |vzj obd`~khis

dil |bhsj szoojssezm ki |bj fzskijss qhvml dvj qkmmkia|h lh |bj bdvl |bkias ljs~k|j|bjkv ejjmkias d| |bj `h`ji|)

Lkaakia lhqi ljj~qk|bki |h lh |bj |bkias |bd|`zs| fj lhij ks |bj jssjioj he sjme lksok~mkij)

\bj dm|jvid|kuj mhhcs

jdskjv- dil |bjvjehvjd||vdo|kuj- fz| do|zdmm{kiomzljs d bjdukjv ~vkoj ki |bjmhia vzi)

Dz|bhv Gk` Vhbi qvh|j-Qj `zs| dmm szeejv evh`hij he |qh ~dkis7 |bj ~dkihe lksok~mkij hv |bj ~dkihe vjavj|) \bj lkeejvjioj kslksok~mkij qjkabs hziojsqbkmj vjavj| qjkabs |his)

Ke {hzvj sjvkhzs dfhz||dckia {hzv ~jvehv`dioj d|qhvc |h |bj ijr| mjujm- jrd`kij{hzv dujvdaj ld{ hv qjjc dil klji|ke{ |bj sk|zd|khis hvh~~hv|zik|kjs |bd| vjtzkvj {hz|h lh |bj bdvl |bkias)

Qbd| dvj |bj zioh`ehv|dfmjk|j`s ehv {hz8 Bjvj dvj sh`j~hsskfmj jrd`~mjs)i Oh`~mj|kia |bj ~d~jvqhvc

ehmmhqkia d sdmj hvdavjj`ji|)

i Ohml ~bhij odmms |h~vhs~jo|s)

i _~jdckia ki evhi| he davhz~ he {hzv ~jjvs- hv davhz~ he di{ ckil)

i @jj|kia s|vdiajvs diljiadakia ki s`dmm |dmc ohiujvsd|khis)

i Ohievhi|kia sh`jhij hujvd fjbdukhvdm ksszj)

i Mks|jikia |h ejjlfdoc dfhz|{hzv qhvc)

i Qvk|kia d vj~hv|)i _|kockia |h d fzlaj|)

\bj sjovj| |h ih| ejjmkiamkcj k|- {j| lhkia k| di{qd{-ks |h lksohujv |bj ~s{obkokioh`j {hz vjojkuj qbji {hzhujvoh`j |bj zvaj |h duhkl |bjzi~mjdsdi| |dscs)

\bhsj qbh dvj ahhl d|lhkia |bj ~dkiezm- lks|ds|jezm|dscs qkmm |jmm {hz |bj{jr~jvkjioj di ki|jvidm ~d{hee) K| ks d sd|ksedo|khi hi d

~s{obhmhakodm mjujm |bd| ejjvjqdvlkia dil ezm mmkia)Fj ~vj~dvjl ehv |bj id|zvdm

|za he qdv |bd| qkmm vdaj qk|b{hz ds {hz edoj |bj bdvl |bkias{hzl vd|bjv duhkl)

^dv| he {hz qdi|s |h ilsh`j|bkia jdskjv |h lh- fz| |bj~dv| he {hz |bd| sd{s- K lhi|ejjm mkcj k|- fz| K s|kmm bduj k| ks |bj hij qhv|b mks|jikia |h)

Qj `zs| dmm sz jv vh` hij h |qh ~dkis7 |bj ~dki

h lksok~mkij hv |bj ~dki h vjavj|) \bj lk jvjioj ks lksok~mkij qjkabs hziojs qbkmj vjavj| qjkabs |his)


13/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 44

OBHH_KI

^vjsklji| Ghbi E)Cjiijl{ aduj d s~jjob |h |bjs|zlji|s d| Vkoj Zikujvsk|{hi _j~|j`fjv 46- 4;56) D||bj |k`j- `di{ ~jh~mj qjvjdsckia qb{ k| qds k`~hv|di|ehv |bj Z)_) s~doj ~vhavd` |hah |h |bj `hhi)

Cjiijl{ disqjvjl bksovk|kos f{ ~hskia dih|bjvtzjs|khi |bj s|zlji|s he |bjvjmd|kujm{ s`dmm ~vkud|j sobhhmqhzml ziljvs|dil7 Qb{lhjs Vkoj ~md{ \jrds8 Fjodzsjk| ks |bj bdvl |bkia$ K| ksdmsh |bj vjdshi bj aduj ehvhzv oh``k|`ji| |h ah |h |bj`hhi3 fjodzsj k|s |bj bdvl|bkia qj `zs| lh)

\bj ehzv s|j~s |hhujvoh`j |bj lhi| ejjmmkcj k| sjisd|khi odi fjs| fj ljsovkfjl ds `ji|dma{`ids|kos74) Vjohaikwj {hz bduj

d obhkoj) [hz dvj d| dovhssvhdls qbjvj {hz`zs| obhhsj fj|qjji |qhdm|jvid|kujs7 |bj jds{ qd{|bd| ~vhukljs vjmkje- hv |bj

bdvl qd{ |bd| kiomzljssh`j lksoh`ehv|)6) \dcj {hzvsjme hz| he

|bj jtzd|khi f{ dsckia{hzvsjme |bvjj tzjs|khis7Qbd| obhkoj qhzml fj `dlj f{ sh`jhij Kavjd|m{ dl`kvj8 Qb{qhzml bks obhkoj k`~vjss`j8 Qbd| qhzml bjadki f{ bks obhkoj8

?) Vjkis|d|j {hzvsjme ki|h |bjsk|zd|khi f{ ljoklkia ke {hz qhzml mkcj |h fj |bd|~jvshi) Ke sh- |bj disqjv fjoh`js omjdv) \bj obhkojks {hzvs dil sh dvj |bjvjqdvls$


14/44

M K U K I AMKUKIA

46 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

Zimkcjm{ bjvhJr ohi lvjd`jl he ~vh ehh|fdmm) Ihq lvjd`s he bjm~kia ckDs |hml |h Ljffkj Jmkocsji

Advv{ sdqd|wc{ qd di diav{ { ia di av qkia ~ ki Qkiik~ a- `dik| fd- Odidld) D |~b{ kod ab| qk|b bk d|b v- b | b d| da 41 dil g ki l d fkc adia) B qd

i|b i d v ff v{ obdva - dil bk k | c d | vi v |b q v ki 4;2: qb i b o il l av di d ab| v v |dffkia di 42 { dv l di | l d|b d v

d | vod|k i d| d Qkiik~ a od ~ k| ) Advv{ qd 6? qb i b qd kiodvo vd| l d| s|Ki |k| |k i) B a | | iki { dv d| v d| da ?6) Qbk ki ~vk i- |b |b ab| | vi l bk k o ~ | { dv il) B v k bk | v{ ki bk qi q vl )

K| qds ujv{- ujv{ s|vdiaj fjodzsj k| gzs| od`j |h `j) K|bhijs|m{ gzs| od`j |h `j) K s|kmmlhi| ziljvs|dil bhq)

K` di d|bjks| sh K lhi| fjmkjuj ki dmm |bd| vjmkakhis|zee) K qds ki ~vkshi) K him{bdl d ohz~mj he {jdvs ki) \bd|sqb{ k| qds sh ovdw{)

Jujv{hij qds mdzabkia d|`j) \bj fkaajv K ah| dil |bjbdvljv K qhvcjl |hqdvl k|- |bj`hvj k| heejiljl ~jh~mj)

K qdsi| |dcji ujv{

sjvkhzsm{) \bj{ sdkl- [hzvjahkia |h fj ki {hzv |bkv|kjsqbji {hz aj| hz|) Ihfhl{s

ahkia |h |hzob {hz) \bkic$Qbd| dvj {hz lhkia8

K sdkl- [hzvj ~ksskia`j hee$ Dil K |bkic |bd|sqbd| bd~~jis qk|b ckls dmh|) \bj{ szooz`f |h |bd|ovd~) Vkab| de|jv |bd|- |bj ijr||bkia {hz cihq- K |dckiazikujvsk|{ ohzvsjs) K ehzild qd{ |h `dcj `{ hqi mk||mjjiukvhi`ji|) K| qds mkcj|vdkikia od`~ ehv |bj `kildil |bj fhl{) \bji K qds hi dahdm) K qds hi d `ksskhi)

K oh`~mj|jl ehzv |vdkikiao{omjs ki hij {jdv) K bdljujv{|bkia ~mdiijl hz|) \bj|vdkikia o{omj qji| f{ ~vj||{

tzkoc) K| `dlj |bj |k`j ah f{ ujv{ eds|) Fz| k| lkl

`dcj |bj |k`j jdskjv)K |bkic Kuj fjji

|h jujv{ ckllkj~vkshi ki |bj mhqjv`dkimdil he Fvk|ksb

Ohmz`fkd) Kuj juji|dmcjl |h ejljvdmki`d|js) Kuj |dmcjl|h mdq s|zlji|s dil

|h ckls ki mh|s he avhz~ bh`js)

\bj cklski ~vkshi- Kodi aj| vkab|

|h |bj`) Qj odi

oz| vkab| |bvhzab |bj ad`j)\bj ckls do| mkcj qbhjujvs kiji|jv|dki`ji| |hld{) \bd|sbhq |bj ckls do|) \bj{vj|v{kia |h do| mkcj |bhsj mk||mj|hzab az{s dil {j| lhqiljj~- |bj{vj s|kmm ckls)

Qj oz| |bvhzab dmm |bd|ovd~) Kuj fjji qbjvj |bj{ dvj)K cihq qbd| |bj{vj ejjmkia)

Qbji K uksk| |bj cklski avhz~ bh`js- |bj{vjsh zivjdobdfmj) \bj{vj shqhzil z~- sh ohoc{)

K |jmm |bj` Qbji {hz aj|ki |vhzfmj- odmm `j z~ dil Km|dmc |h {hz)

\bjvj dvj sh `di{ |k`jsKuj bdl |h |dmc |h |bj` de|jv|bj{uj fjji ki gdkm)

K|s dmqd{s de|jv |bj edo||bd| K bduj |bj `hs| szoojssqk|b ckls fjodzsj |bj{vjsh ohoc{ zi|km |bj{ aj| ki|vhzfmj) Hioj jujv{|bkia ks|dcji dqd{- |bd|s |bj |k`j |hvjfzkml |bj`)

Ki |dmckia |h ckls- K |jmm|bj` |h ld{lvjd` dfhz|s|zee dfhz| |bkias |bd| dvj`d|bj`d|kodmm{ ~hsskfmj) Ke {hz `dcj d bdfk| he lhkia|bd|- ke {hz ld{lvjd` dfhz||bkias {hz odi do|zdmm{hf|dki- {hz `kab| fj edv hee fz| k|s ~hsskfmj)


15/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 4?

MKU

Ki |b ~vk i- v v Qkiik~ a F Fv iikia fdoc \k G dq Advv{~b{ kt qbk uk k|kia |b ki |k| |k if adi | ~d |b q vl fdoc | bk | d -dil Advv{ qd aku i di ud d|k i qbk

i d ld{ ~d ) \b lkd od ab| qkil k|-dil |b ~vk i |b i |vdi vv l bk q | |lk ~ |b ~ | kab|)

D q i|b | ~vk i- Advv{ la | |b ~~ v| ik|{ | |v{ | v |b OdidlkE |fd m da "OEm+ dil v |b i

u vd d i ~ d{ l v v |bdi |b v OEm | d ) D| |b d |k b f ad

| v dob | | qbd| ok |{ q l df|b iv dobdf ~ ~ d|k i7 ckl ki ~vk

Advv{ lv d k d dv qb v |v f l odi f k d| l v |b kv fdl kie io d

dvi | |dv| u v a | d i q d i F | b ci q | r~ o| ~ bfdoc v |b

{ | ) B bd d |vd| a{)

Advv{ d v dl{ ci q qb v b qdi| |a - f | b o df vd|k i | i |b ~v avd d q c il qk|b |v | dv~ ~ kc bk "qk|b | o a b d q ov lk| b v|+ dil |b i dv il|df o i |d|k i qk|b r~ v| ki |b

l)

Ke k|s ih| d|bj`d|kodmm{~hsskfmj- lhi| lvjd` dfhz|k| fjodzsj {hzvj gzs| qds|kia{hzv jijva{)

Ehh|fdmm qds`d|bj`d|kodmm{ ~hsskfmj

fjodzsj K bdl d ~mdi) Juji|bhzab K lkli| cihq bhqK qds ahkia |h ah dfhz| k|-jujv{|bkia ejmm ki|h ~mdoj)

K| sjj`jl |h fj mzoc) [hz`jj| |bj vkab| ~jh~mj) @{ mkejks s|kmm mkcj |bd|) K` hi |bjvkab| |vdoc) K fz`~ ki|h |bjvkab| ~jh~mj)

K qdi| |h fj odvjezm bhq Kd~~vhdob |bks) Ke {hz d~~vhdob|hh daavjsskujm{ hv |hh tzkocm{|h obdiaj sh`j|bkia- k|sahkia |h smd~ {hz hi |bj bjdl)

[hzuj ah| |h `dcj k| shkiuk|kia |bd| |bj{ qdi| |h fj d~dv| he qbd| {hzvj `dckia)

[hz bduj |h d~~vhdob k|mkcj- |bj jrks|kia s{s|j` ksahhl- dil qjvj gzs| |v{kia|h `dcj k| fj||jv) Dmm ckls`d{ oh`j evh` d lkeejvji| fdocavhzil- fz| qbji K uksk|

|bj ed`kmkjs K` ilkia hz|~jh~mj dvj `zob |bj sd`j)\bj sd`j |bkia ks ahkia hiki fh|b ~dv|s he |hqi) K |bkic ~jh~mj ki |bj ikoj ~dv| he |hqi gzs| bklj k|) Ki jk|bjv odsj

|bj{vj ih| dmm ahhl bh`js hvsz~~hv| s{s|j`s)

\bj ujv{ vs| |bkia |bj{lh qk|b d ckl oh`kia |h gdkmks |h vjghki bk` qk|b |bjkvhml sz~~hv| s{s|j`) Qjmm- |bj

sz~~hv| s{s|j` bj bdl ks qbd|~z| bk` |bjvj)Hij he |bj |bkias {hzuj

ah| |h lh ks qk~j hz| bks hmlsz~~hv| s{s|j` oh`~mj|jm{)K qhzml |dcj |bj ckl |h dlkeejvji| mhod|khi |bdi qbjvjbj mkujl) Ke bj avjq z~ ki F) O)-Kl ~z| bk` hi |bj jds| ohds|)

Bjvjs `{ s|j~ z~ |h |bj~md|j ~vhavd`7

Ekil |bj ckls qbh dvjajdvjl ehv k|- gzs| mkcj {hzlh ehv d fzskijss) Fzskijssks ahkia |h lh |bj ~vh~jvvjsjdvob |h il hz| |bjkv`dvcj|kia s|vd|jakjs) \bj{ ahehv k| dil |bji |bj{ qki)

[hzuj ah| |h lh |bd| qk|b|bj ckls) Ekil hz| |bj sdudfmjdil |bji sduj |bj`)

Ljffkj Jmkocsji ks ~vhukljs~zfmksbkia sz~~hv| |h sjme~zfmksbjvs |bvhzabhz| Ihv|bD`jvkod) Bjv fjs|sjmmkia fhhc-_jme ^zfmksbkia 4>4"_jmeOhzisjm ^vjss+- ks dudkmdfmj kifhhcs|hvjs dil D`dwhi)oh`)

^vkshi Mjdvikia Ij|qhvc \bj gdkmbhzsj mdq{jv `d{ fj

|bj ~hs|jv fh{ ehv gdkmbhzsjmjdvikia- fz| |bjvjs `zob`hvj)

Ki Fvk|dki- |bj Vh{dm_hokj|{ ehv |bj jiohzvdaj`ji|he Dv|s "V_D+ kiomzljsd`hia k|s ~vhgjo|s |bj ^vkshiMjdvikia Ij|qhvc)

V_D |bkics ljujmh~kia|bj mjdvikia dil sckmms he heejiljvs ohzml `dcj shokj|{

sdejv- `hvj sckmmjl dil `hvj

szs|dkidfmj) Kiljjl- k`~vhukiaheejiljv mjdvikia dil sckmmsks ovk|kodm |h vjlzokia vjheejilkia)

Qhvckia qk|b cj{ ~md{jvsqk|bki |bj ovk`kidm gzs|kojs{s|j` dil fj{hil- |bj V_D^vkshi Mjdvikia Ij|qhvc bjm~s sbd~j ~vdo|koj- ~hmko{dil ~zfmko ljfd|j- qbkmjjiohzvdakia qkljv oh``zik|{

jiadaj`ji| ki |bj ~vkshis{s|j`)

Ohi|vdo|jl ~vhukljvs

qk|bki |bj ovk`kidm gzs|kojs{s|j` dmvjdl{ jiadaj qk|b|bhzsdils he kilkuklzdmski ~vkshi) Ahujvi`ji| bdsvjohaikwjl |bks qhvc dsezild`ji|dm |h dobkjukiavjlzokia vj heejilkia f{ 4>~jvoji| f{ 6>4>) Ehv |bhsjqhvckia hi |bj evhi|mkij- k| bdsmhia fjji hij he |bj oji|vdm~vkiok~mjs he |bjkv jeehv|s)


16/44


17/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 4

MKU

K|s{ Fk|s{ _~kljv @zskodm m{vkos ~vk`j d||k|zlj dil fjbdukhv

\bj qhvls |h K|s{ Fk|s{_~kljv |jmm d sk`~mj s|hv{dfhz| di dvdobikl dil d s~hz|- fz| sk`~m{ vjodmmkia |bj mkijsohzml kik|kd|j di ziki|ji|khidmd||k|zlj)

\bd|s |bj ehozs he vjsjdvob f{ Cdisds "Z)_)+_|d|j Zikujvsk|{s JlzdvlhDmudvdlh- sh~bh`hvj ki ~vjmdq- qbh ks mhhckia d| |bj fjbdukhvs jmkok|jl evh` |bj`zskodm m{vkos he oh``hi

shias)Dmudvdlh ks qhvckia qk|bLhidml _dzokjv- dsshokd|j~vhejsshv he ~s{obhmha{ d|C _|d|j- |h s|zl{ |bj jeejo|s~vk`kia odi bduj hi fjbdukhv f{ mhhckia d| |bj ~hsk|kuj dilijad|kuj vjs~hisjs s|k`zmd|jlevh` `zsko m{vkos evh` dudvkj|{ he shia od|jahvkjs-kiomzlkia ~d|vkh|ko dilObvks|`ds shias)

^vk`kia ks qbjish`jhij ks jr~hsjl |h dojv|dki jiukvhi`ji| dilbks hv bjv szfohisokhzs ksdo|kud|jl- dil |bji |bj{ |jil|h do| ki doohvldioj qk|b|bd| jiukvhi`ji| qk|bhz|ljmkfjvd|j ki|ji|)

Hij he |bj cj{k`~mkod|khis ks |bd| fjbdukhvs`d{ fj `dmmjdfmj ki |bjsjisj |bd| `di{ kilkuklzdmsbduj |bj od~dok|{ ehv sk`kmdvvjdo|khis ki shokdm sk|zd|khis-_dzokjv sdkl) Vjmd|kujm{ s`dmmsodmj ~vk`js `d{ do|kud|jojv|dki vjdo|khisdil |bjsj`d{ fj ~vh shokdm hv di|kshokdm lj~jilkia hi |bjohi|jr|)

Dmudvdlh sdkl |bjvjsjdvobjvs qdi|jl |h sjj ke ojv|dki `zskodm m{vkos do|kud|jl

d ~vh shokdm vjs~hisj- qbkobks d ~hsk|kuj ejjmkia mkcjj`~d|b{- hv di di|k shokdmvjs~hisj- qbkob ks d ijad|kujejjmkia mkcj daavjsskhi)

_|zl{ ~dv|kok~di|s bdl |hoh`~mj|j d szvuj{ dil lh dm{vkos jrjvoksj) Ehv |bj m{vkosjrjvoksj- ~dv|kok~di|s bdl|h mm ki `ksskia m{vkos ehvlkeejvji| shias)

\bj shias kiuhmujl ki |bjs|zl{ qjvj ~d|vkh|ko shias-

szob ds \bj _|dv _~diamjlFdiijv3 sjozmdv Obvks|`dsshias- szob ds Vzlhm~b|bj Vjl Ihsjl Vjkiljjv3vjmkakhzs Obvks|`ds shias-szob ds H Bhm{ Ikab|3 dilijz|vdm shias- szob ds K|s{Fk|s{ _~kljv)

^dv|kok~di|s mmjl hz| dszvuj{ |bd| dscjl tzjs|khisdfhz| |bjkv vjmkakhi dil|bjkv d||k|zljs |hqdvl h|bjv

ozm|zvjs dil lkujvsk|{)Bdme he |bj ~dv|kok~di|sqjvj dscjl |h oh`~mj|j|bj szvuj{ fjehvj |bj m{vkojrjvoksj- dil |bj h|bjv bdme oh`~mj|jl |bj szvuj{ de|jv |bjjrjvoksj)

Dmudvdlh sdkl |bjvjsjdvobjvs dssz`j ~jh~mj do|sk`kmdvm{ |h ~vk`jsdil |bj{mhhcjl hujvdmm d| |bj szvuj{s|h sjj ke |bjvj qds d obdiaj ki|bj vjs~hisjs fjehvj dil de|jvoh`~mj|kia |bj m{vkos jrjvoksj)

\bj{ qdi|jl |h sjj ke |bjshias ovjd|jl d ~vh shokdm hvdi di|k shokdm vjs~hisj) Bjsdkl |bj ~vjmk`kidv{ ilkiassbhqjl |bd| |bj ~d|vkh|koshias bdl d ijad|kuj jeejo|hi |bj ~dv|kok~di|s- ds sbhqi|bvhzab |bjkv vjs~hisjs |h|bj szvuj{s tzjs|khis dfhz|

h|bjv ozm|zvjs dil lkujvsk|{)\bj ~d|vkh|ko shias `dlj |bj~dv|kok~di|s omhsj `kiljldil ~vjgzlkojl)

Hioj |bj{ qjvj kid ~d|vkh|ko ~hki| he ukjq-|bj{ qjvj mjss j`~d|bj|ko-Dmudvdlh sdkl) \bj{ lkli|~z| |bj`sjmujs ki h|bjv

~jh~mjs ~jvs~jo|kuj)\bhzab shias mkcj K|s{Fk|s{ _~kljv dil Vhq-Vhq- Vhq [hzv Fhd| qjvj`jdi| |h fj ijz|vdm ~vk`js-|bj vjsjdvobjvs ehzil |bd||bj{ s|k`zmd|jl d ~vh shokdmvjs~hisj)

[hz qhzmli| |bkic |bd||bhsj shias qjvj ahkia |h~z| ~jh~mj ki d ojv|dki `kilevd`j- fz| |bj{ lh do|kud|j dojv|dki d||k|zlj- Dmudvdlhsdkl)

Qj ehzil k| `dlj ~jh~mj`hvj dooj~|kia dil `hvjj`~d|bj|ko) \bj vjdshi ehv|bks qj |bkic ks fjodzsj qjzsjl |h mks|ji |h |bjsj shiasqbji qj qjvj mk||mj dil |bj{ckil he do|kud|j obkmlbhhlbd~~kijss)


18/44

MKUKIA

45 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

H|bjv sklj he di|k shokdm^vh shokdm ukljh ad`js `d{ `dcj obkmlvji ckilj_h`j ukljh ad`js odi `dcjobkmlvji ckiljv dil `hvjmkcjm{ |h bjm~ ih| bzv| h|bjv~jh~mj)

\bd|s |bj ohiomzskhi he ijq vjsjdvob ~zfmksbjl ki |bj Gzij ksszj he ^jvshidmk|{ dil_hokdm ^s{obhmha{ Fzmmj|ki - d |h~|kjv- ~jjv vjukjqjl dodlj`ko ghzvidm)

\bj vj~hv| ~vjsji|s |bjilkias he |bvjj sj~dvd|j

s|zlkjs- ohilzo|jl ki lkeejvji|ohzi|vkjs qk|b lkeejvji| dajavhz~s- dil zskia lkeejvji|sokji|k o d~~vhdobjs)

Dmm |bj s|zlkjs il |bd|~md{kia ad`js qk|b ~vh shokdmohi|ji| odzsjs ~md{jvs |h fj`hvj bjm~ezm |h h|bjvs de|jv|bj ad`j ks hujv)

Lhwjis he s|zlkjs bdujlhoz`ji|jl d vjmd|khisbk~ fj|qjji ukhmji| ukljh ad`jsdil daavjsskuj fjbdukhvs-sdkl mjdl dz|bhv LhzamdsAji|kmj- di Khqd _|d|jZikujvsk|{ ~s{obhmhaks|- fz||bks ks hij he |bj vs| |bd|bds lhoz`ji|jl |bj ~hsk|kujjeejo|s he ~md{kia ~vh shokdmad`js)

^vh shokdm ukljh ad`jskiuhmuj obdvdo|jvs qbh bjm~dil sz~~hv| jdob h|bjv kiihiukhmji| qd{s)

\bjsj s|zlkjs sbhq|bj sd`j ckil he k`~do| hi|bvjj lkeejvji| daj avhz~sevh` |bvjj ujv{ lkeejvji|ozm|zvjs- sdkl Fvdl Fzsb`di-d Zikujvsk|{ he @kobkadi ohdz|bhv he |bj vj~hv|)

Ki dllk|khi- |bj s|zlkjszsj lkeejvji| didm{|ko

d~~vhdobjs ohvvjmd|khidm-mhiak|zlkidm dil jr~jvk`ji|dm)\bj vjszm|kia |vkdiazmd|khihe jukljioj ~vhukljs |bjs|vhiajs| ~hsskfmj ~vhhe |bd||bj ilkias dvj fh|b udmkl dilajijvdmkwdfmj)

Hij s|zl{ jrd`kijl |bjmkic fj|qjji ukljh ad`jbdfk|s dil ~vh shokdm fjbdukhvd`hia 161 sjohildv{ s|zlji|ski _kiad~hvj- qk|b d `jdi

daj he 4?) _|zlji|s mks|jl |bjkveduhvk|j ad`js dil vd|jl bhqhe|ji ad`j obdvdo|jvs bjm~jl-bzv| hv ckmmjl h|bjv obdvdo|jvs)

\bj{ dmsh disqjvjltzjs|khis dfhz| bhq mkcjm{|bj{ qjvj |h s~jil |k`j dil`hij{ bjm~kia ~jh~mj ki ijjl-|h ohh~jvd|j qk|b h|bjvs dilsbdvj |bjkv fjmhiakias- dil |hvjdo| daavjsskujm{ ki udvkhzssk|zd|khis)

\bj vjsjdvobjvs ehzil ds|vhia ohvvjmd|khi fj|qjji~md{kia ukhmji| ukljh ad`jsdil bzv|kia h|bjvs) Fz| |bjs|zl{ dmsh ehzil d s|vhiaohvvjmd|khi fj|qjji ~md{kia~vh shokdm ad`js dil bjm~kiah|bjvs)

\bj sjohil s|zl{ didm{wjl|bj mhia |jv` ohiijo|khi fj|qjji ukljh ad`j bdfk|s

dil ~vh shokdm fjbdukhv kiijdvm{ 6->>> Gd~dijsj obkmlvjdajs 4> |h 45)

^dv|kok~di|s oh`~mj|jl dszvuj{ dfhz| |bjkv jr~hszvj|h ~vh shokdm ukljh ad`js-dil vd|jl bhq he|ji |bj{ bdlbjm~jl h|bjv ~jh~mj ki |bj mds|`hi|b)

\bvjj |h ehzv `hi|bs md|jv-|bj{ qjvj szvuj{jl dadki- dilvjsjdvobjvs ehzil d skaik odi|ohiijo|khi fj|qjji jr~hszvj

|h ~vh shokdm ad`js dilbjm~ezm fjbdukhv hi|bs md|jv)\bks szaajs|s |bjvj ks di

z~qdvl s~kvdm he ~vh shokdmad`kia dil bjm~ezm fjbdukhv-ki ohi|vds| |h |bj lhqiqdvls~kvdm |bd| hoozvs qk|b ukhmjukljh ad`kia dil daavjsskuj fjbdukhv- sdkl Fzsb`di)

Ehv |bj |bkvl s|zl{- |bjvjsjdvobjvs odvvkjl hz| dijr~jvk`ji| qk|b 454 Z)_)

ohmmjaj s|zlji|s- qk|b d `jdidaj he 4;)De|jv ~md{kia jk|bjv d ~vh

shokdm- ukhmji|- hv ijz|vdm ad~dv|kok~di|s qjvj dscjl |hdsskai ~zwwmjs |h d vdilh`m{sjmjo|jl ~dv|ijv)

\bj{ ohzml obhhsj evh`~zwwmjs |bd| qjvj jds{-`jlkz` hv bdvl |h oh`~mj|j)\bjkv ~dv|ijv ohzml qki ,4> ke |bj{ shmujl dmm |bj ~zwwmjs)

\bhsj qbh ~md{jl d ~vhshokdm ad`j qjvj ohiskljvdfm{`hvj bjm~ezm |bdi h|bjvs-dsskaikia `hvj jds{ ~zwwmjs|h |bjkv ~dv|ijvs) Dil |bhsjqbh bdl ~md{jl ukhmji| ad`jsqjvj skaik odi|m{ `hvj mkcjm{|h dsskai |bj bdvljs| ~zwwmjs)


19/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 4

MKU

J`dkm dil sjdvob /4Fz| |jjis ~md{ ad`js- ~m{ shokdm ij|qhvcs

Vjdljv oh``ji|s Ihq k|s ~jh~mj qbh hqi `jdis h ~vhlzo|khiK v ~ i | s dv| ~ | ~ ~ dv | v{ " dv+ k di{ kilkod|kCi q la dida i| k dokia vk ~ bfdoc) Obdv jbki ziCi q la ki |b `d{ k bd d||vdo| l ?-?>6 v dl v dil kab| |b bdo i| ) jbki dv|ko | ~ ~ b q | | |b f | fdoc

C` f | | dok k|d| k|)jbki ~ i d i q l vqd{ il v |dilkia qb i b ~ki ~ { |b kv di ~v l o|k i |b avd{ d|| v f |q i |b kv dv ) O i t i||b { l okl | g ki v du di vadikwd|k i- |b { odvv{ |b kv di ~v|b )

B ) \b o ~di{ qi l |b di ~v l o|k i ki |b Kil |vkd dav d | i q ki |b bdil |b ~ { ) s b||~7((|ki{ v )o (i:du b

Ljs~k|j |bj bzaj avhq|b kiijq d~~mkod|khis szob ds

Ki|jvij| ukljh dil shokdmij|qhvckia- `hs| ohisz`jvskilkod|j |bj `dki vjdshi ehvdoojsskia |bj Ki|jvij| ks |h zsjj`dkm dil ad|bjv kiehv`d|khi-doohvlkia |h d szvuj{ f{Adv|ijv Kio)

\bj szvuj{ he ohisz`jv Ki|jvij| zsjvs ki|bj ehzv|b tzdv|jv he 6>>1 qbkob jioh`~dssjl 42ohzi|vkjs- |bvjj vjakhis- |bvjjjlzod|khidm mjujms dil |bvjjkioh`j mjujms ehzil |bd||bj |bkvl Ki|jvij| ki|jvjs|qhvmlqklj qds himkij fdickia- qk|b j`jvakia`dvcj|s fjkia |bj him{ `dghvjroj~|khi)

_bdvkia ~bh|hs- ukljhsdil mjs od`j ki ehzv|b- qk|bdmm vjs~hilji|s qhvmlqkljvdickia ajhavd~bko idukad|khisjvukojs ehv jrd`~mj AhhamjJdv|b dil sbh~~kia himkij dsIh) : dil Ih) 5 ki k`~hv|dioj-vjs~jo|kujm{)

Bhqjujv- Adv|ijv ehzil|bjvj ks hij lj`havd~bkoavhz~ |bd| ks fzockia |bj|vjil- qk|b 4? |h 42 {jdv hmlsjigh{kia |bj `hs| lkujvaji|Ki|jvij| ki|jvjs|s- vdiakiaevh` lhqimhdlkia `zskodil ~md{kia ad`js himkij |h

fmhaakia dil shokdm ij|qhvcs)Vd|bjv |bdi fjkiaohiskljvjl ds ohi|vdvkdis- |bksavhz~ sbhzml fj vjadvljlds |bj ~vjozvshvs he qbd| ks|h oh`j- sdkl Jmvh{ Gh~mkia-vjsjdvob lkvjo|hv d| Adv|ijv)\bj Ki|jvij| bds fjoh`j dz|kmk|{ ehv `hs| ohisz`jvs-qbh zsj k| ehv oh``zikod|kia-ad|bjvkia kiehv`d|khi

dil ~jvehv`kia idiokdm|vdisdo|khis) Bhqjujv- d ijq|vkocmj lhqi ~bjih`jihi-qbjvj |jjidajvs mjdl |bjjuhmz|khi he ohisz`jvKi|jvij| d~~mkod|khis- bjvdmlsd ijq jvd qbjvj Ki|jvij|d~~mkod|khis qkmm `k`ko mkej oh``zikod|kia- ji|jv|dkikia-shokdmkwkia- kiehv`kia-|vdisdo|khidm- jk|bjv ki d rjlmhod|khi hv hi |bj `huj)

Gh~mkia sdkl |bj ijr|Ki|jvij| evhi|kjv qkmm fj`hfkmj ljukojs dil |bd| |hszoojjl bjvj- |jobihmha{ dilsjvukoj ~vhukljvs qkmm ijjl|h kiohv~hvd|j |bj z|kmk|dvkdid~~mkod|khis he j`dkm- sjdvobdil ajhavd~bkodm idukad|khisjvukojs hi dmm |bjkv rjl mkijd~~mkod|khis- ds qjmm ds ik`fm{~hv|kia |bj` |h |bjkv `hfkmjsjvukojs)

_zoojssezm fzskijss~mdis qkmm fj |bhsj |bd| dvj

dfmj |h `drk`kwj z|kmk|{ hijdob he |bj `jlkz`s) \bjd~~mkod|khis |bd| |jjidajvss~dqi qkmm vjtzkvj d sk`kmdv

rjl dil `hfkmj oh`~hiji|-bj sdkl)

Bhqjujv- Adv|ijv ~vjlko|s|bd| ejq |jobihmha{ dilsjvukoj ~vhukljvs qkmm fj dfmj|h dllvjss jujv{ jmj`ji|he Ki|jvij| d~~mkod|khisdil |bj ijjl |h ~dv|ijvqk|b h|bjv ~vhukljvs qkmmkiovjdsj) Jtzdmm{- |bj ijjl|h ukdfm{ dssjss qbd| `dvcj|d ~vhukljv odi dllvjss qk|bk|s fvdil dil |bj dakmk|{ he k|skievds|vzo|zvj qkmm fjoh j~dvd`hzi|)

Dllk|khidm kiehv`d|khi ksdudkmdfmj ki |bj Adv|ijv vj~hv|Ohisz`jvs Udmzj ^jvoj~|khihe |bj Ki|jvij| d| b||~7((|ki{zvm)oh`(ij{m?v


20/44

MKUKIA

42 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

@j`hv{ dil ohaik|kuj ezio|khiZ)_) sjikhvs |js| s`dv|jv |bdi Jiamksb ohzi|jv~dv|sZ)_) sjikhvs ~jvehv`jl skaik odi|m{ fj||jv |bdi |bjkv ohzi|jv~dv|ski Jiamdil hi s|dildvl |js|s he `j`hv{ dil ohaik|kuj ezio|khi-doohvlkia |h d ijq s|zl{)

\bj s|zl{ ks |bj vs| cihqiki|jvid|khidm oh`~dvkshi he ohaik|kuj ezio|khi ki id|khidmm{vj~vjsji|d|kuj sd`~mjs he hmljvdlzm|s ki |bj Zik|jl _|d|js dilJiamdil) \bj vj~hv| ks ~zfmksbjl ki|bj Gzij 6: ~jjv vjukjqjl ghzvidmF@O Ajvkd|vkos)

\bj fj||jvohaik|kuj~jvehv`diojhe Z)_)dlzm|s qdsszv~vkskiaskioj Z)_) dlzm|s bdl d bkabjv~vjudmjioj he odvlkhudsozmdvvksc edo|hvs- qbkob dvj ajijvdmm{dsshokd|jl qk|b ohaik|kuj ljomkijdil ~hhvjv `ji|dm ezio|khi-

sd{s Zikujvsk|{ he @kobkadi "Z@+vjsjdvobjv Cjiij|b Mdiad- mjdldz|bhv he |bj s|zl{)

Ehv |bj s|zl{- Mdiad dilohmmjdazjs oh`~dvjl ld|d hi 2-6;;

D`jvkodis daj 5: dil hmljv qk|b:-615 Fvk|ksb sjikhvs) \bj sd`johaik|kuj |js|s qjvj dl`kiks|jvjl |h|bj |qh avhz~s ki |bj sd`j {jdv)

\bj Z)_) dludi|daj ki fvdkibjdm|b qds avjd|js| ehv |bj hmljs|he |bj hml |bhsj daj 2: dil hmljv)Hi d ~h~zmd|khi mjujm- |bj hujvdmmlkeejvjioj ki ohaik|kuj ~jvehv`dioj fj|qjji |bj |qh ohzi|vkjsqds tzk|j mdvaj) \bj ohaik|kuj

~jvehv`dioj he 1: {jdv hmls ki |bjZ)_) qds ds ahhl- hi dujvdaj- ds|bd| he 5: {jdv hmls ki Jiamdil)

Ld|d hi |bj Z)_) ~h~zmd|khiod`j evh` |bj Bjdm|b dilVj|kvj`ji| _|zl{- ohilzo|jl f{ |bjZ@ Kis|k|z|j ehv _hokdm Vjsjdvob"K_V+ dil eziljl f{ |bj Id|khidmKis|k|z|j hi Dakia "IKD+) Ld|d hi

|bj ZC s|zl{ qdsevh` |bj JiamksbMhiak|zlkidm_|zl{ he Dajkia)Fh|b dvj id|khidmm{vj~vjsji|d|kuj-~h~zmd|khi fdsjls|zlkjs ljskaijl|h edokmk|d|j lkvjo|oh`~dvkshis he bjdm|b- qjdm|b dilqjmmfjkia d`hiahmljv `ji dilqh`ji)

\bks s|zl{ ksdi k`~hv|di| s|j~ki bjm~kia |h lj ijid|khidm lkeejvjiojski dakia dil

ohaik|khi- sdkl Vkobdvl _zw`di-lkvjo|hv he |bj IKDs Lkukskhi he

Fjbdukhvdm dil _hokdm Vjsjdvob)Dllk|khidm vjsjdvob ks ijjljld`hia |bjsj dil h|bjv id|khidmszvuj{s |h klji|ke{ |bj edo|hvs |bd|ki|jvdo| |h deejo| ohaik|kuj obdiaj kihmljv ~jh~mj)

Bkabjv mjujms he jlzod|khidil ij| qhv|b ki |bj Zik|jl _|d|jsdoohzi|jl ehv sh`j he |bj fj||jvohaik|kuj ~jvehv`dioj- doohvlkia|h Mdiad- d ~vhejsshv he `jlkokij d|

|bj Z @ @jlkodm _obhhmd vjsjdvob kiujs|kad|hvd| |bj UD Dii DvfhvBjdm|bodvj _{s|j`- dild edozm|{ dsshokd|j d| |bjZ @ K_V)

\bj vjsjdvob |jd`dmsh jrd`kijl ld|d hi ~dv|kok~di|bjdm|b ohilk|khis- vksc edo|hvs dil|vjd|`ji|s ehv s|vhcj- lkdfj|js-bjdv| lksjdsj- b{~jv|jiskhi- mzialksjdsj dil odiojv) \bj{ dmshohmmjo|jl ld|d hi vjoji| s{`~|h`she lj~vjsskhi- dil hi s`hckias|d|zs- dmohbhm ohisz`~|khi-dil mk`k|d|khis ki ~jvehv`kiaoh``hi do|kuk|kjs he ldkm{ mkukia-kiomzlkia lvjsskia- fd|bkia- |dckia`jlkod|khis dil didakia hij{)

Z)_) dlzm|s vj~hv|jlskaik odi|m{ mhqjv mjujms he lj~vjsskuj s{`~|h`s |bdi Jiamksbdlzm|s- dil doohvlkia |h Mdiad- |bks`d{ bduj doohzi|jl ehv sh`j he |bj

Z)_) dludi|daj ki fvdki bjdm|b skiojlj~vjsskhi ks mkicjl qk|b d qhvsjohaik|kuj ezio|khi)

H|bjv s|zlkjs ohilzo|jl ki|bj `kl 4;;>s bduj ehzil |bd|ejqjv |bdi 4: ~jvoji| he lj~vjssjldlzm|s ki Jiamksb sd`~mjs vjojkujl`jlkod|khi |h |vjd| |bjkv lj~vjsskhi-oh`~dvjl |h ijdvm{ 1: ~jvoji| he lj~vjssjl Z)_) dlzm|s- Mdiad sdkl)Ez|zvj vjsjdvob sbhzml jr~mhvj

Vjsjdvobjvs qjvj szv~vksjl qk|b |bj vjszm|s skioj |bj Z)_) bds d bkabjv kiokljioj h odvlkdo ksszjs) Fz|

|bji |bj Fvk|ksb dvj `zob bjdukjv lvkicjvs)


21/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 4;

MKU

qbj|bjv `hvj qkljs~vjdl zsj he di|k lj~vjssdi| `jlkod|khi ki |bjZ)_) `d{ fj hij vjdshi ehv |bjmhqjv mjujm he lj~vjsskuj s{`~|h`s-

dil ki |zvi- |bj fj||jv ohaik|kuj~jvehv`dioj he hmljv Z)_) dlzm|soh`~dvjl |h hmljv Jiamksb dlzm|s)

Mdiad dil ohmmjdazjs dmsh ehzilskaik odi| lkeejvjiojs ki dmohbhmohisz`~|khi fj|qjji |bj Z)_)dil Jiamksb sjikhvs) @hvj |bdi :>~jvoji| he Z)_) sjikhvs vj~hv|jl ihdmohbhm zsj- oh`~dvjl |h him{ 4:):~jvoji| he Jiamksb sjikhvs) ^vjukhzsvjsjdvob bds sbhqi |bd| `hljvd|jdmohbhm ohisz`~|khi- oh`~dvjl|h dfs|kijioj- ks mkicjl qk|b fj||jvohaik|khi d`hia |bhsj dajl :> dilhujv)

K_V johih`ks| Ldukl Qjkv-lkvjo|hv he |bj Bjdm|b dilVj|kvj`ji| _|zl{ dil d oh dz|bhvhe |bj didm{sks- ih|jl |bd| h|bjv

hiahkia vjsjdvob f{ K_V johih`ks|Vhfjv| Qkmmks szaajs|s |bjvj `d{ fj d ohiijo|khi fj|qjji jdvm{vj|kvj`ji| dil jdvm{ hisj| he ohaik|kuj ljomkij) \bks ~vhukljsdih|bjv ~hsskfmj jr~mdid|khi ehvmhqjv ohaik|khi d| hmljv dajs kiJiamdil qbjvj vj|kvj`ji| hoozvsjdvmkjv |bdi ki |bj Zik|jl _|d|js)

Ekidmm{- Mdiad ih|jl- qbkmjZ)_) dlzm|s vj~hv|jl d bkabjv~vjudmjioj he b{~jv|jiskhi- |bj{dmsh qjvj `hvj mkcjm{ |h fj |dckia`jlkod|khis |h |vjd| |bj ohilk|khi)D iz`fjv he s|zlkjs bduj

sbhqi d mkic fj|qjji zi|vjd|jlb{~jv|jiskhi dil di kiovjdsjl vksc ehv ohaik|kuj k`~dkv`ji|)

\bj edo| |bd| |bj avjd|js|ohaik|kujdludi|daj ehvZ)_) dlzm|s qdsd`hia |bjhmljs| hml `d{sz~~hv| |bjb{~h|bjsks |bd|

`hvj daavjsskuj lkdaihsks dil|vjd|`ji| he b{~jv|jiskhi dil~hsskfm{ h|bjv odvlkhudsozmdv vksmjdls |h mjss ohaik|kuj ljomkij-Mdiad sdkl)

Js|dfmksbjl ki 4;>> { ia c v ukd |b Ki| vi |- v ov k|kia |bv ab

k| kc Ovdka k |)

[ ia dl | f |q i |b da 42 dil 6< bdu |bbkab | vd| ckia o ~dv l | di{ |b v da af | |b { bdu d ia |b q | vd| t k||kia- doo| ` v | ki)

D |klk ok~ kidv{ | d kiu |kad| v vziku v k|{ K qd dil |b D vkodi m ado{ E ilqk q vc qk|b ALs%` Kl d Ok|{ dlu v|k kia da i

l u ~ ki| vdo|ku - Ki| vifd l dl dil ud d| qbd|

da |kud| { iac v | |b ukl io

fd l | ~ ckia ~v avdSqqq)F o Dijr) vaP)

h v ~vk v v dvob bb qi |bd| k { qdi| | v dob

dil iada { ia dl | - |b i { i l | a qb v |b { dv - dil |b Ki| vi | k k|- d` v | ki)

Jr~mdid|khis ovjlk| d bkabjv zsj h di|k lj~vjssdi| `jlkod|khi- md|jv

vj|kvj`ji|- dil fj||jv |vjd|`ji| hv b{~jv|jiskhi ki |bj Z)_) ds vjdshis qb{ hmljv dlzm|s vj|dki ohaik|kuj sckmms mhiajv |bdi |bj Fvk|s)


22/44

M J D V I K I A

MJDVIKIA

6> _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

Ehv|zij 4>>> Jrjoz|kujsIjq ~vjsklji| `zs| r |bj Z)_) jlzod|khi ad~` v |bdi bd aku ~v o a { | d dk kia avdl dil dv r~ vk io

ki s\j` " ok io - | obi a{- iaki vkia dil d|b d|ko + |d i|) \q |bkvl do io vi l |b v o i|vk kiov d l doo | s\j` |d i| k k ~do|kia o ~ Gzs| fjehvj |bj Z)_)

jmjo|khis mds| {jdv- |bj~vjsklji|kdm odilkld|jsqjvj qdvijl f{ OJHs dilh|bjv O szk|j jrjoz|kujsd| D`jvkods Ehv|zij 4>>>_\J@ oh`~dikjs |bd| |bjijq ~vjsklji| sbhzml fjujv{ ohiojvijl dfhz| |bjohzi|v{s dfkmk|{ |h d||vdo| dilvj|dki sokjioj- |jobihmha{-jiakijjvkia dil `d|bj`d|kosqhvcjvs)

\bd| ks ijjljl ki hvljv |h`dki|dki k|s amhfdm mjdljvsbk~ki sokjioj dil |jobihmha{)

Qbkmj |bj{ fjmkjuj |bj{dil h|bjv _\J@ oh`~dikjsbduj d vjs~hiskfkmk|{ |hsz~~hv| d lkujvsj ~k~jmkij-|bj{ dmsh sd{ |bj ozvvji|D`jvkodi ~vj ohmmjajjlzod|khi s{s|j` ks edkmkia |hjiadaj akvms dil `kihvk|kjs |h~zvszj _\J@ odvjjvs)

\bjsj dvj d`hia |bjilkias he d ijq szvuj{

oh``ksskhijl f{ Fd{jvOhv~hvd|khi ds ~dv| he k|s@dckia _okjioj @dcj _jisjkik|kd|kuj) Ki |bj md|js| Fd{jvEdo|s he _okjioj Jlzod|khi

_zvuj{ RKKK- Ehv|zij 4>>>_\J@ jrjoz|kujs qjvj ~hmmjldfhz| d bhs| he ksszjs vjmd|jl|h lkujvsk|{ dil ziljvvj~vjsji|d|khi he qh`ji-Devkodi D`jvkodis- Id|kujD`jvkodis dil Bks~dikos ki_\J@ jmls dil |bjkv k`~do|hi Z)_) oh`~j|k|kujijss)

Qbd| ks `hs| lvd`d|kodfhz| |bks szvuj{ ks |bj

jr|ji| |h qbkob |bj Ehv|zijjrjoz|kujs s~jdc qk|b hijzijtzkuhodm uhkoj hi |bjsjksszjs- sdkl Lv) D||kmd@hmidv- ~vjsklji| dil OJH he Fd{jv Ohv~hvd|khi)

Dm`hs| qk|bhz|jroj~|khi- |bj{hujvqbjm`kiam{ vjohaikwj

|bks ohzi|v{s avjd| ijjl|h |d~ |bj ~h|ji|kdm he |bjji|kvj _\J@ |dmji| ~hhm-dil |bj k`~hv|dioj he lhkiash d| jujv{ ~hki| hi |bj

ljujmh~`ji| ohi|kizz` fjakiikia ki jmj`ji|dv{sobhhm qk|b bkab tzdmk|{-bdils hi- kitzkv{ fdsjlsokjioj jlzod|khi- hi |bvhzabohmmjaj qbjvj _\J@ |dmji|ks vj ijl dil vjovzk|jl- dil|bji ki|h |bj qhvc~mdoj qbjvjk| `zs| fj ezv|bjv izv|zvjldil jiohzvdajl)

\bj Ijjl7 Ozvvji| dil

K``kiji| _\J@ QhvcehvojObdmmjiajs

Dm`hs| dmm he |bj Ehv|zij4>>> _\J@ jrjoz|kujs ";:~jvoji|+ dvj ohiojvijl |bd||bj Z)_) ks ki ldiajv he mhskiak|s amhfdm mjdljvsbk~ ~hsk|khiki sokjioj dil |jobihmha{lzj |h d sbhv|daj he _\J@|dmji|- qk|b `hvj |bdibdme ":: ~jvoji|+ vj~hv|kia

|bjkv oh`~dikjs dvj dmvjdl{jr~jvkjiokia szob d sbhv|daj)

Qbji k| oh`js |h vkskiaki|jvid|khidm oh`~j|k|khi-ezmm{ |qh |bkvls "52 ~jvoji|+dvj ohiojvijl |bd| h|bjvohzi|vkjs kiovjdskia doojss|h _\J@ |dmji| ks akukiavkudm oh`~dikjs fdsjl ki

|bjsj ohzi|vkjs d oh`~j|k|kujdludi|daj hujv |bj`- qk|bhij e|b "6> ~jvoji|+ sd{kia|bj{ dvj ujv{ ohiojvijl)

\bj _jjl7 Avhqkia d LkujvsjD`jvkodi _\J@ ^k~jmkij

Ih| szv~vkskiam{- dm`hs|dmm |bj sjikhv jrjoz|kujs ";2~jvoji|+ sd{ k| ks k`~hv|di|ehv akvms dil `kihvk|kjs |hvjojkuj d s|vhia sokjioj dil`d|b jlzod|khi fjakiikiaki jmj`ji|dv{ sobhhmki hvljv |h vjlzoj |bjkvziljvvj~vjsji|d|khi ki_\J@ jmls- qk|b ikij ki 4>";> ~jvoji|+ sd{kia k| ks ujv{k`~hv|di|)

Dil- sd{ |bj jrjoz|kujs-|bj `hs| jeejo|kuj qd{ ehv|bjsj s|zlji|s |h mjdvi sokjiojks |bvhzab d bdils hi-kitzkv{ fdsjl d~~vhdob "21~jvoji|+)

Bhqjujv- |bj{ fjmkjuj|bj Z)_) jlzod|khi s{s|j` ks

Hij qd{ |h ohzi|jv |bks |dmji| ovksks- |bj{ sdkl-ks |h fzkml d lkujvsj _\J@ ~k~jmkij fjakiikia d|

|bj jdvmkjs| jlzod|khidm mjujm)


23/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 64

MJDVIKI

edmmkia sbhv| bjvj) Ih| hijhe |bj jrjoz|kujs szvuj{jlavdljl |bj Z)_) di D qbjidscjl bhq ahhl d ghf |bj Z)_)~vj ohmmjaj s{s|j` ks lhkiaki jiadakia dil izv|zvkiaakvms dil `kihvk|kjs |h ~zvszj_\J@ odvjjvs) Ki edo|- dm`hs|skr ki 4> ":: ~jvoji|+ dsskaijlk| d edkmkia avdlj he L hv E)

\bj ohzi|v{s bkabjvjlzod|khi s{s|j` edvjssh`jqbd| fj||jv ehv k|sdfkmk|{ |h |vdki qh`ji dil`kihvk|kjs ehv _\J@ odvjjvs-qk|b jrjoz|kujs dsskaikia k| didujvdaj avdlj he O#)

Hujvdmm- |bj Z)_) jlzod|khi

s{s|j` aj|s d O evh`jrjoz|kujs ehv ~vhuklkia Z)_)oh`~dikjs qk|b lkujvsj-|dmji|jl dil sckmmjl _\J@avdlzd|js)

\h szoojssezmm{ ljujmh~d lkujvsj _\J@ qhvcehvoj-qj bduj |h fjaki d| |bj fjakiikia- jr~mdkijl Lv)@dj O) Gj`kshi- |bj id|khis

vs| Devkodi D`jvkodi ej`dmjds|vhidz| dil Fd{jvs id|khidm@dckia _okjioj @dcj _jisj"@_@_+ s~hcjs~jvshi)

De|jv dmm- bhq odiqj jr~jo| |h avdlzd|j|bj ijojssdv{ iz`fjvs he sokji|ks|s- jiakijjvs dil`d|bj`d|kokdis evh` ohmmjaj ke qj lhi| bduj jihzab s|zlji|soh`kia hz| he bkab sobhhmki|jvjs|jl dil ~vj~dvjl |hqhvc dil s|zl{ ki |bjsj

szfgjo|s8\bj Ejjl7 Izv|zvkiaQh`ji dil @kihvk|{ _\J@J`~mh{jjs ki |bj Qhvc~mdoj

Ki dllk|khi |h sz~~hv|kia_\J@ jlzod|khi ~vhavd`sdk`jl d| ej`dmjs dil`kihvk|kjs- |bj uds| `dghvk|{he jrjoz|kujs sd{ |bj{ vjovzk|evh` ohmmjajs dil zikujvsk|kjs

|bd| |vdlk|khidmm{ sjvuj qh`jidil `kihvk|kjs)

_|kmm- vjovzk|kia qh`jidil `kihvk|kjs odi fjobdmmjiakia dil evzs|vd|kia-doohvlkia |h |bj jrjoz|kujs)Ehzv hz| he uj jrjoz|kujs"2> ~jvoji|+ vj~hv| |bjkvoh`~dikjs edoj obdmmjiajski bkvkia dljtzd|j iz`fjvshe qh`ji dil `kihvk|kjs ehv_\J@ ~hsk|khis)

He |bhsj- bdme ":> ~jvoji|+sd{ |bj{ dvj evzs|vd|jl f{ |bjkvoh`~dikjs kidfkmk|{ |h bkvjdljtzd|j iz`fjvs he qh`jidil `kihvk|{ _\J@ qhvcjvs)

\bj `dki shzvojs he

evzs|vd|khi kiomzlj d mk`k|jliz`fjv he qh`ji(`kihvk|kjstzdmk jl ehv _\J@ ~hsk|khis">ljmkujvjl |h odilkld|jHfd`d mds| _j~|j`fjv)

Fd{ v O v~ vd|k i-b dlt dv| vki ^k|| f vab-^ ii { udikdz)s)- k d

f klkdv{ Fd{ v DA- di ki| vid|k idb d |b odv -i |vk|k i dil bkab | ob

d| vkd av ~ fd l ki m u vcA v di{)


24/44

MJDVIKIA

66 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

\bj udmzj he d ohmmjaj jlzod|khiAj| Vkob _mhqm{ fmhaajv7 d `kmmkhi vjdshis |h s|d{ ki F{ G) L) Vh|b

Kuj fjji |bkickia md|jm{ dfhz||bj udmzj he d ohmmjaj jlzod|khi) Kjdvijl d FD ki ^s{obhmha{ evh`Qkmmd`j||j Zikujvsk|{- Z)_)- ki 4;;4qk|b d `kihv ki Jiamksb mk|jvd|zvj-dil dm`hs| dih|bjv `kihv ki s~jjoboh``zikod|khi) Qbd| bduj K lhijqk|b |bks ljavjj8 Dm`hs| ih|bkia)[j| K lh ih| vjavj| |bj `hij{ dil{jdvs K s~ji| qhvckia |h jdvi k|)

\bj idiokdm udmzjhe d ohmmjaj ljavjjLhjs jdvikia d ohmmjaj ljavjj

`dcj d lkeejvjioj |h {hzv ez|zvj8Dfshmz|jm{) \bj edo|s dvj s|vkckia)Hi dujvdaj- |bhsj qbh bduj dohmmjaj ljavjj jdvi dm`hs| |qkoj ds`zob ds |bhsj qbh lh ih|)

Doohvlkia |h |bj Z)_) OjiszsFzvjdz- dlzm|s qk|b dludiojlljavjjs jdvi ehzv |k`js `hvj |bdi|bhsj qk|b mjss |bdi d bkab sobhhm

lk~mh`d) Qhvcjvs 42 dil hmljv qk|bd `ds|jvs- ~vhejsskhidm hv lho|hvdmljavjj jdvijl di dujvdaj he ,26-?6>ki 6>>5- qbkmj |bhsj qk|b mjss |bdi dbkab sobhhm lk~mh`d jdvijl ,6>-21?)

Qhvcjvs qk|b d fdobjmhvsljavjj jdvijl di dujvdaj he ,:5-122ki 6>>53 |bhsj qk|b d bkab sobhhmlk~mh`d jdvijl ,?4->14) \bks zvv{he iz`fjvs `dcjs `hvj sjisj qbjiukjqjl ki d |dfmj7

Oh`~mj|kia ohmmjaj ks bzaj)Hujv d mkej |k`j- d ohmmjaj ljavjjks ajijvdmm{ qhv|b dm`hs| d `kmmkhilhmmdvs) \bd|s hij{ |bd| odi fj zsjl ehv sdukia- ehv ezi- ehvqbd|jujv) \bj idiokdm fjij |s he d ohmmjaj jlzod|khi dvj skaik odi|-dil |bj{vj ujv{ vjdm)

H|bjv fjij |s he d ohmmjaj ljavjjHf|dkikia d ohmmjaj ljavjj ksi|

gzs| dfhz| `dckia `hvj `hij{)Doohvlkia |h Cd|bdvkij Bdisji d|

Tzki|jssji|kdm Odvjjvs- d ohmmjajjlzod|khi ks dsshokd|jl qk|b h|bjv fjij |s- szob ds7i Mhiajv mkej s~disi Avjd|jv johih`ko s|dfkmk|{ dil

sjozvk|{i @hvj ~vjs|kakhzs j`~mh{`ji|

dil avjd|jv ghf sd|ksedo|khii Mjss lj~jiljio{ hi

ahujvi`ji| dssks|dioji Avjd|jv ~dv|kok~d|khi ki mjkszvj

dil dv|ks|ko do|kuk|kjsi Avjd|jv oh``zik|{ sjvukoj dil

mjdljvsbk~i @hvj sjme ohi ljioj

D ohmmjaj jlzod|khi dmsh akujs{hz d fvhdl fdsj he cihqmjlajhi qbkob |h fzkml) K| |jdobjs {hz|h shmuj `hvj he mkejs ~vhfmj`s) K|akujs {hz ez|zvj vjejvjioj ~hki|sehv lksozsskia dv|- ji|jv|dki`ji|-~hmk|kos dil bks|hv{)

\bj mdfjm hi {hzv ljavjjlhjs IH\ `d||jv

K dscjl @kobdjm Bd`~|hi-lkvjo|hv he odvjjv ljujmh~`ji| d|Qjs|jvi Hvjahi Zikujvsk|{- qbd|dlukoj bj qhzml heejv d s|zlji|qbh ks ljoklkia qbj|bjv hv ih| |hd||jil ohmmjaj) Bj vj~mkjl7

Zimjss {hz dvj ahkia |h fj dijiakijjv- dvobk|jo|- |jdobjv- mdq{jv-|bj mdfjm hi {hzv ljavjj lhjs ih|`d||jv)

\bj ljavjj ks d objoc `dvc "ds

h~~hsjl |h |bj ehozs+ ki `hs| ghfvjtzkvj`ji|s) @di{ ghf dls qkmms|d|j7 Fzskijss- Oh``zikod|khis hvh|bjv ljavjj vjtzkvjl) @hs| ehmcsbduj |bj h|bjv)

K bduj d FD ki _~jjob-\jmjoh``zikod|khis % Ekm`) Dsd |jmjukskhi ijqs ~bh|havd~bjv-{hz|b lkvjo|hv- oh``zikod|khislkvjo|hv- szfs|k|z|j sobhhm |jdobjv-s~hv|s `dvcj|kia `didajv- odvjjv~vhavd`s ohhvlkid|hv- ih hij jujvsdkl |h `j7 [hz cihq qbd|8 Qjqhzml mkcj |h bkvj {hz- fz| qjvjih| szvj qbd| |bd| mdfjm ks hi {hzvljavjj)

Bhijs|m{- d| |bj Zikujvsk|{ he Hvjahi- K qds mhhckia ehv di jds{ljavjj fjodzsj K qds ih| d fhhcs`dv| s|zlji|)

K qds dfmj |h |dcj `hs|m{ m`dil |jmjukskhi omdssjs |h jdvi `{FD- sh K skaijl z~) Dadki- |bj ghfs

K qji| de|jv vjtzkvjl ljavjjs- fz||bj mdfjm hi |bj ljavjj qds ih| d fdvvkjv)Bjvj dvj sh`j `hvj ~vh`kiji|jrd`~mjs7i Q bd| qds Dmdi Avjjis~dis

`d ghv8 Johi- fz| bj s|zlkjl`zsko vs|

i Qbd| qds @kobdjm Ghvldis`dghv8 @d|b- |bji Ajhavd~b{

jLzOD\KhI DUA) KIOh`j KIOVjDsj

Lv ~ | ,6>-21?

Bkab ob ,?4->14 *


25/44


26/44

MJDVIKIA

6< _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

Ki|jvij| doojssKiehv`dm mjdvikia mjujmjv ehv jromzljl avhz~sKiehv`dm dlzm| mjdvikiasbhzml |dvaj| |bj shokdmm{jromzljl- dil `dcj |bj `hs|he ijq |jobihmhakjs |h mjujm|bj mjdvikia ~md{kia jml)

\bks `jssdaj oh`js evh`ZC Himkij Oji|vjs- qbkobvjoji|m{ qjmoh`jl _jovj|dv{he _|d|j ehv Kiihud|khi-Zikujvsk|kjs dil _ckmms GhbiLjibd`s Qbk|j ^d~jv-qbkob ~z|s kiehv`dm mjdvikiadil qkljikia ~dv|kok~d|khi

v`m{ fdoc hi |bj dlzm| sckmmsdajild)

@didakia Lkvjo|hv Bjmji@kmijv sdkl7 K|s avjd| |hsjj |bj udmzj he kiehv`dmmjdvikia fjkia vjohaikwjldil sz~~hv|jl)

D| k|s fjs|- kiehv`dmmjdvikia ksi| gzs| d ad|jqd{ |hehv`dm mjdvikia hv d bh`j ehvbhff{ks|s k| odi fj d vhz|j |hshokdm kiomzskhi dil `hfkmk|{)

\bd|s qbjvj |bks ~d~jv odi`dcj d vjdm lkeejvjioj |h vjdmmkujs)

\bj hvadikwd|khi vzis dij|qhvc he

oh`~z|jvoji|jvsbjm~kia~jh~mj ki

lj~vkujloh``zik|kjsaj| himkij-dil kiehv`dmmjdvikia ks ujv{

`zob d| |bj

ovzr he qbd| |bj{ lh dil bhq|bj{ lh k|) @kmijv ohi|kizjs7Lkak|dm sckmms d~~jdv ds fh|b d szfgjo| ehv dil `jdishe kiehv`dm mjdvikia ki \bj Mjdvikia Vjuhmz|khi - f{ki|jvid|khidm vjsjdvobjvsAhvlhi Lv{lji- evh` IjqWjdmdil dil Lv) Gjdiij||jUhs- evh` Odmkehvikd)

Ijq |jobihmhakjs vjdmm{odi j`~hqjv dil `h|kud|j~jh~mj |h lksohujv dil ovjd|jki qbhmj ijq qd{s- dil d| ZChimkij Oji|jvs |bd| ghzvij{he|ji s|dv|s hz| ds kiehv`dm dskiehv`d|khi ad|bjvkia sbjsdkl) K|s |bji fzkm| z~ f{vjs~hilkia |h di kilkuklzdms~vkhvk|kjs dil ijjls- ehozskiahi |bj ~jvshi vd|bjv |bdi |bjohzvsj hv tzdmk od|khi)

Ehv |bj `hs| shokdmm{jromzljl- ehv`dm jlzod|khiodi fj kidoojsskfmj-

ki|k`kld|kia dil k`~vdo|kodm)Ke {hz ijjl |h fkl ehvahujvi`ji| ehvjomhszvjmks|kias himkij- ehv kis|dioj-{hz lhi| qdi| |h qdk| zi|km|jv` s|dv|s dil sk| |bvhzab diji|kvj KO\ tzdmk od|khi ehv |bjKi|jvij| fk| |h oh`j z~) \bd|sqbjvj ZC himkij oji|jvsoh`j ki qk|b |bj sz~~hv| he d bzaj vdiaj he |bkvl sjo|hvki| jv`jlkdvkjs dil ~dv|ijvs)

Mjdvikia dil sz~~hv| dvjmhodm- ~jvshidm dil jrkfmj-he|ji mhia |jv` dil he|jilhi| kiomzlj |vdlk|khidm

jlzod|khidm `kmjs|hijs) K`ljmkab|jl |h sjj |bjudmzj he |bd| qhvc

he okdmm{ vjohaikwjldil jilhvsjl ki |bks

Qbk|j ^d~jv)

Ki edo|- |bj ij|qhvc ks sjjids oji|vdm |h |bj MjdvikiaVjuhmz|khi |bj ~d~jv qdi|s|h sjj kis|kad|jl dovhss|bj ohzi|v{- dil d omjdvvhmj ks hz|mkijl ehv oji|jvs|h obd`~khi fh|b lkak|dmkiomzskhi dil kiehv`dmmjd vikia)

ZC himkij oji|jvs qjvjkiuhmujl ki |bj ohiszm|d|khi~vhojss dvhzil |bj ~d~jvdil qjvj hi bdil d| |bj \d|j

@hljvi |h sjj k|s he okdmmdziob)ZC himkij oji|jv mjdvijvs

sbhqjl |bj _jovj|dv{ he _|d|jsh`j he |bjkv qhvc- dil |hml|bj` bhq kiehv`dm KO\ sckmmsbdl bjm~jl |bj` k`~vhuj|bjkv mkujs)

@kmijv dlls7 K|s fjodzsjZC Himkij Oji|vjs bdujd mhodm ~vjsjioj |bd| qjvjki d ~vk`j ~hsk|khi |h bjm~

ahujvi`ji| vjdmkwj |bks ujv{k`~hv|di| ukskhi)ZC Himkij Oji|vjs dvj

dmvjdl{ |dckia md~|h~s hz| |h~zfs- oh``zik|{ oji|jvs diljuji j`~|{ sbh~s |h `dcjdoojss |h lkak|dm sckmms dilsz~~hv| ds jds{ ds ~hsskfmj ehvds `di{ ~jh~mj ds ~hsskfmj)

\bj Mjdvikia Vjuhmz|khih~ji s~doj diihziojl ki |bj~d~jv qkmm sjj zs fzkml hi |bdqhvc dovhss |bj ohzi|v{) Kidllk|khi- hzv diizdm Aj| himkijld{ od`~dkai ki Ho|hfjv qkmm

| ~jvejo|m{ ki|h ~mdis ehv |bjDz|z`i Mjdvikia Vjuhmz|khiEjs|kudm)

Doojss |h Ljibd`s s~jjob |jr|dil ukljh odi fj ehzil d| b||~7(( |ki{zvm)oh`(`tia|:


27/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 6

MJDVIKI

Qbd| bduj K mjdvijl d| qhvc8F{ Gjee Ohff

Cihqmjlaj ks hij he |bj `hs|udmzdfmj dssj|s jdob he zs~hssjssjs ki |bks kiovjdskiam{ d| qhvml- dil sh `zob he hzv cihqmjlaj ks dotzkvjl|bvhzab hzv ld{ |h ld{mjdvikia jr~jvkjiojs d| hzv ghfs)

[j| bhq he|ji lh {hz dsc {hzvsjme |bj sk`~mj tzjs|khiQbd| bdujK mjdvijl d|qhvc8

K cihq Klhi| dsc k| he|jijihzab) Dilehv |bd| `d||jv- Kodi| vj`j`fjvdi j`~mh{jvjujv dsckia |bjtzjs|khi he `j)

Fz| k| ks dujv{ k`~hv|di|tzjs|khi-~dv|kozmdvm{

ki |bj ohi|jr|he ozvvji|johih`ko ohilk|khis) K| odi fj |bj cj{ |h aj||kia {hzvijr| ghf- hv juji cjj~kia {hzvozvvji| hij)

K sbhzml fj omjdv |bd|K ih| |dmckia him{ dfhz|ehv`dm |vdkikia hv jlzod|khijr~jvkjiojs eziljl f{ {hzvj`~mh{jv "ke {hz dvj mzoc{jihzab |h aj| |bhsj+)

Qbkmj |bjsj odi fjudmzdfmj- `hs| he zs mjdvid| mjds| ds `zob- ke ih|`hvj- |bvhzab mjss ehv`dmki|jvdo|khis qk|b oh qhvcjvs-ozs|h`jvs- dil sz~~mkjvs- hv|bvhzab hzv hqi jeehv|s |h`jj| ijq obdmmjiajs)

K d` dmsh ih| |dmckia him{dfhz| dobkjukia ~jvshidmhfgjo|kujs {hz `d{ bduj

lj ijl "hv bdl lj ijl ehv{hz$+ ds ~dv| he vjukjq ~vhojss)

Dadki- |bjsj odi fjudmzdfmj- fz| |bj ehozs |jils|h fj hi |bj jils dobkjujlvd|bjv |bdi |bj ohi|jr| dil~vhojssjs |bvhzab qbkob |bj{dvj dobkjujl)

Ohi|jr|) ^vhojss) \bjsjdvj jmj`ji|s he hzv qhvc~mdoj

mjdvikia he qbkob qj lhi||jil |h fj ~dv|kozmdvm{ohisokhzs hi d ld{ |h ld{-`zob mjss bhzv |h bhzv hv`kiz|j |h `kiz|j fdsks- fz|qbkob ohi|vkfz|j skaik odi|m{|h bhq dil bhq `zob qjmjdvi ki hzv ghfs)

Bjvjs d obdmmjiaj7 Ahki|h qhvc hij ld{ shhi qk|bd ~jvshidm oh``k|`ji| |h fj b{~jv ohisokhzs dfhz|jujv{|bkia {hz mjdvi |bd| ld{)

Dsc {hzvsjme sh`j he |bjehmmhqkia tzjs|khis ds |bj ld{ahjs dmhia7i Lhjs qbd| K d` lhkia

vkab| ihq "k)j)- bdukia dohiujvsd|khi- ~dv|kok~d|kiaki d `jj|kiaoh`~mj|kia dvhz|kij |dsc- j|o)+ kiovjdsj

`{ cihqmjlaj hv sckmmmjujm ki di{ skaik odi|

qd{8 Bhq8i Qbd| `kab| |zvi |bksdo|kuk|{ ki|h `hvj he dmjdvikia jr~jvkjioj8 Qbd|lh K ijjl |h lh |h `dcj|bd| bd~~ji8 Qbd| ohzml`{ j`~mh{jv lh8

i Qbd| ohzml K dll ki|h`{ do|kuk|kjsehv |hld{ |bd|qhzml ~vhukljehv d mjdvikiajr~jvkjioj8i Bhq qkmm Kd~~m{ qbd| Kd` mjdvikia"d| di{ akuji`h`ji| ki |bjld{+ |h ez|zvjqhvc d| `{ozvvji| ghf- hv|h d ez|zvj ghfhe `{ lvjd`s8i Qbd| ohzmlK |dcj hz| he

`{ do|kuk|kjs |bd| lhjsih| ohi|vkfz|j |h mjdvikiadil qhzml ih| vjdmm{ fj`kssjl8

i D` K mjdvikia |bkias |bd|ohi|vkfz|j ki d `jdikiaezmqd{ |h `{ mhia |jv`odvjjv dil mkej ahdms8D| |bj jil he |bj ld{- sk|

lhqi dil qvk|j hv |{~j hz|jujv{|bkia {hz ejjm {hz bdujmjdvijl lzvkia |bj ld{ dmhiaqk|b disqjvs |h |bj dfhujtzjs|khis dil di{ h|bjvs {hz`kab| bduj dscjl {hzvsjme)

_~jil d fk| he |k`jvj jo|kia hi bhq qbd| {hzbduj mjdvijl "hv ih| mjdvijl$+

|s ki|h {hzv hujvdmm ljskvjsehv {hzv odvjjv dil mkej)

IjR\ ^DAj


28/44

MJDVIKIA

65 _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

OhI\KIzjL

Qbd| bduj K mjdvijl d| qhvc8

hr vl kidv Ks |jobihmha{ bjm~kia hv bkiljvkia mjdvikia8 Ki v o aik|k i m dvikia d| Q vc Ld{o fvd| l dov |b zC ki `d{- hr vl dil j~ko s{ | b l d kidv |b l K | obi a{ |vdi v kia dvikia- dil k qbd| l k|

di v 8 \b v qd qkl ~v dl doci q la i| |bd|

| v dvikia bdu obdia l- dil ki l kia bdu dl dvikia v doo kf ) j o|v iko dvob dil o df vd|ku

| obi ak di q i q bdu doo | dvikia v vo dv f { il |b qd v q vc~ do v |b ku v{ | q v

v iku v k|k )

\bk l i | di r~ vd|k i qb |b v- f{ dckia |b | v v dlk { dudk df - |b v bdl f i di kiov d ki t di|k|{ " k ia dvikia+ dil ki | ~ vdvki "i ia v d i l | ci q v v f v f od { odi g | doo |b ci q la qb i { i l k|+)

O io vi i l v i o vi v |b v |bdav q|b ki t di|k|{ dil | ~ vdvki d{ bdu l |lk kik bkia t d k|{ dvikia) \b ab- v |b |bod |b v | v| |bd| v { q o l i | f o v|dki dfk ~do| i t d k|{ d| |b ~v i| |k - dil i { bk | v{ | )

D | v d - d i j~ko ki |v o|k id l kai> FO- s ovd| - ~ c |b i q dia l kl d lk kik bkia v{ dil - f{ r| i k i- dvikia | )ki 6>>;- i o l bdvl { dva |bd| qvk|kia bd i | ki qd{ |vdi v l dvikia) I v o l i k daki k|b vziku v k|{ v j~ko uk qkia |b qvk|kia ck d ~

| l i| v f v |d d di f |do | dvikia$

j~ko dc |qdv v lkod av ~ - b ~kki| avd| l b d |bodv vadikw v ) Q f k| 7 qqq) ~koo (

K cihq `hs| ~jh~mjvjdlkia |bks qkmm sbvza hvsohee dil qhi| lh qbd| K bduj gzs| szaajs|jl dfhuj- zobmjss vj~jd| k| hujv `zm|k~mjld{s hv qjjcs dil |v{ |hljujmh~ k| ki|h di ziohisokhzsbdfk|- fz| K` |jmmkia {hz- k|odi fj ujv{ vjujdmkia dilujv{ ~hqjvezm) Dil Kl ah shedv ds |h szaajs| |bd|74) Kilkuklzdms qbh fjoh`j

ohisokhzs he |bjkv mjdvikiad| qhvc dil |dcj obdvajhe |bjkv mjdvikia d| qhvc qkmm fj f{ edv |bj `hs|szoojssezm ki |hld{sjohih`{)

6) \bj ~vk`dv{ ehozs he mjdvikia ~vhejsskhidms

sbhzml fj bjm~kiakilkuklzdms fjoh`johisokhzs he |bjkv mjdvikiadil |dcj obdvaj he k|)\bjvj dvj d ohz~mj he

ohvhmmdvkjs |h |bj dfhuj) \bjvs| ks- ke {hz ziljv|dcj |bj

jrjvoksj dfhuj dil lksohujv|bd| {hz vjdmm{ dvj ih|mjdvikia `zob hi |bj ghf-k| `d{ fj |k`j |h mhhc ehv d

fj||jv ghf) \bj sjohil ks- ke {hz dvj ohzi|kia hi {hzvj`~mh{jv |h ziljvs|dil |bjijq l{id`kos he qhvc~mdojmjdvikia dil qdi| |h bjm~ {hzhz|- {hz `d{ fj qdk|kia tzk|jd qbkmj)

Ki |bj `jdi|k`j- Ks|vhiam{ jiohzvdaj {hz |h |v{qbd| Kuj szaajs|jl- dil ke {hz dvj qkmmkia- vj~hv| fdoc

{hzv vjszm|s hi _`dv| ^jh~mj @dadwkijs Qjf sk|j) Ki |bjb|`m ujvskhi he |bj `dadwkij{hz odi vd|j jdob s|hv{ diloh``ji|)

_h- bhq lh K cihq |bks ks|vzm{ qhv|b lhkia8 Qjmm- mj|ssd{ K mjdvijl k| d| qhvc)

Gjee \bh`ds Ohff ks di jlzod|hvdil ji|vj~vjijzv- dil ehv {jdvsbds oh`fkijl |bj |qh f{ s|dv|kiadil(hv bjm~kia |h fzkml j mjdvioh`~dikjs) Bj ks ozvvji|m{`didakia lkvjo|hv he \dahvds-d vjsjdvob dil ohiszm|kia v`)Lzj |h d `dsskuj sjvujv edkmzvj bds mhs| dmm bks mjs d| @ksskMjdvi ( Cihq Fj||jv(Mkuj Fj||jvSb||~7((qqq)`ksskhi|hmjdvi)oh`Pfz| bjs ki |bj ~vhojss he vjs|hvki|bj`)


29/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ 6

MJDVIKI

k^hl \hzob ki omdssvhh`s8\jdobjv zsjs ~h~zmdv ljukoj ehv mjdvikiaD \jiijssjj "Z)_)+ \jobZikujvsk|{ ozvvkozmz` dil

kis|vzo|khi kis|vzo|hvsk``jlkd|j ahdm ks |hdooz`zmd|j bzilvjls he fmhaji|vkjs hi bhq di k^hl \hzobodi fj zsjl ki jmj`ji|dv{-`kllmj sobhhm dil bkab sobhhmomdssvhh`s)

Bks zm|k`d|j szoojss qkmm fj `jdszvjl ki bhq qjmm |bks|jobihmha{- mjss |bdi |qh{jdvs hml- ils k|s qd{ ki|hoh``hi zsdaj)

Kuj sjji k^hl |jobihmha{zsjl ki bkabjv jlzod|khi dmk||mj fk|- fz| |bhzab| k| qhzml fj ki|jvjs|kia |h sjj bhqhzv s|zlji|s ohzml jtzk~|bj`sjmujs |h zsj k| ki ~zfmkodil ~vkud|j sobhhms |bj{mm fjqhvckia ki- sdkl Qjil|)

_~diksb `dghv Fvk||ij{Fdvcjv qbhs qhvckia hid sjohildv{ jlzod|khiojv|k od|j sd{s mdiazdajkis|vzo|khi ks d ~jvejo| zsj ehv|bj k^hl \hzob)

K ohis|di|m{ bdl kljds|bd| ljdm| qk|b ~vh~jv~vhiziokd|khi hv bdukia d_~diksb lko|khidv{ hi bdilqk|b |bj k^hl \hzob- sdklFdvcjv)

\bj kis|vzo|hv ohzmlvjohvl bks hv bjv hqi uhkojvj~jd|kia uhodfzmdv{ dil

|bji sjil |bj s|zlji|sbh`j qk|b k^hls |h ~vdo|kojje okji|m{) @di{ ehvjkaimdiazdaj s|zlji|s bduj|vhzfmj qk|b ~vhiziokd|khidil |bj{ him{ vjojkuj bjm~ ki |bj omdssvhh`) Qk|b |bj k^hls-|bj{ odi ~vdo|koj |bj ohvvjo|~vhiziokd|khis di{qbjvj)

Ghj Bdvhml- d vj|kvjlZ)_) @dvkij qbh ks qhvckia

|hqdvl d `ds|jvs ljavjj dild ~hsk|khi ds d `kllmj sobhhm

sokjioj |jdobjv- sd{s |bjk^hl \hzob ~z|s sh`j 6:->>>evjj fhhcs- ~mzs jlzod|khidm~zwwmjs- `d~s dil ad`jsvkab| ki|h bks ~hocj|)

K| ozm|kud|js k`dakid|khidil ki|vkazjs s|zlji|s3 |bd|sqbd| `dcjs |bj` qdi| |hmjdvi- sdkl Bdvhml)

Bj jiukskhis lhkia dqd{qk|b d mh| he ~d~jv f{ zskia|bj k^hl \hzob- dil |bkics|bj ,66; ljukoj ks d s`dv| qd{|h s~jil `hij{)

Fdvcjv davjjs qk|bBdvhmls hfsjvud|khi)

k^hls akuj s|zlji|s ijqvjdshis |h fj ki|jvjs|jl ki|bjkv hqi mjdvikia- sbj sdkl)

D obdmmjiaj |bd| K |bkic qj edoj ds |jdobjvs qk|b |bks~vhgjo| ks ilkia qd{s ehvs|zlji|s |h zsj |bj k^hlsjeejo|kujm{ dil ki|javd|kiak|s oh`~hiji|s ki|h hzvmjsshis qk|b zklk|{) K |bkic `di{ |jobihmhakodm jmj`ji|sdvj jdskm{ ohvvjmd|jl qk|bjujv{ld{ mjsshis- fz| |bj{ dvjsh`j|k`js lks|vdo|kia vd|bjv|bdi ~vhlzo|kuj)

Qjil|- qbh ~zvobdsjl|bj ljukojs qk|b avdi| `hij{-~kocjl d sjo|khi he bks |qhz~~jv lkukskhi jlzod|khidm

|jobihmha{ omdssjs |bd| bdlujv{ mk||mj jr~jvkjioj qk|b |bj|jobihmha{ ki hvljv |h gzlaj|bj k`~do| hi |bjkv omdssvhh`|jdobkia)

_|zlji|s odvvkjl |bj` ehvd qbhmj sj`js|jv ki hvljv |h fjoh`j oh`ehv|dfmj)

Dmm ~zfmko sobhhms ki |bksdvjd bduj qk ihq- sh k|s d|hhm |bd| akujs d |jdobjv `di{

h~|khis- sdkl Qjil|) [hzbduj vjejvjioj |hhms d| {hzv

iajv|k~s mkcj lko|khidvkjs-dil avd~bkia odmozmd|hvs)\bjvj dvj |bhzsdils he evjjvjshzvojs)

Fz| |bj vjshzvojs him{`dcj d lkeejvjioj ke |jdobjvsovjd|jjeejo|kujqd{s |h zsj|bj`) Qjil|sd{s bjjiohzvdajss|zlji|s|h mjdl |bjqd{ ki |bjjlzod|khidmzsj he k^hls)

\bj cj{ks |h mj| |bj|jobihmha{mkuj z~ |h k|sid`j)

Ke {hzlhi| mj| |bjs|zlji|s|hzob k|- k|sih| ijdvm{ds jeejo|kuj-sdkl Qjil|)

Qjil|sd{s bj~mdis |hs|zl{ |bjhz|oh`js fj|qjji |bj

omdss sjo|khis |bd| zsjl k^hlsdil |bj sjo|khis zskia `hvj|vdlk|khidm kis|vzo|khi)

Vjdl sh`j he |bj s|zlji|s fmha ~hs|s |h sjj bhq |bj{vjzskia di ji|jv|dki`ji|ljukoj |h mjdvi7b||~7((|ki{zvm)oh`(`rg{:`


30/4462 _@DV\ JH^MJ

Ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od| Kitzksk|kujijss odi mjdl |h ldiajvhzs sk|zd|khisQbd| f bkil d ~bvd 8 ` v k ~ v|di| {- qbd| db dl |b ~bvd 8 Ki | ld{

jo i {- ~ ~ dv io vda l | f kit k k|ku ) F | kiavdki l ki| |b ~ ~l dlda O vk k|{ ck l |b od|) \bk | v{ dil |b i i |b qkia a | u v k|$F{ Adv{ @dv|ki

Jujv{hij cihqs |bd|- ljs~k|j k|s sz~~hsjlikij mkujs- ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od|) Qjmm- ih|tzk|j) \bj ckmmjl |bj od| ~vhujvf hvkakid|jlds odvj ckmmjl |bj od|) F{ odvj |bj ohkijv he |bj jr~vjsskhi `jdi| qhvv{(shvvhq vd|bjv|bdi hzv `hvj zszdm ohi|j`~hvdv{ mhhc de|jv(

~vhuklj ehv `jdikia)\bd| ehv` he |bj jr~vjsskhi ks vs| vjohvljlki |bj Jiamksb ~md{qvkab| Fji Ghishis ~md{Jujv{ @di ki Bks Bz`hzv - 4:;27

Bjm|jv scjm|jv- bdia shvvhq- odvjmm ckmmd Od|- z~ |dkms dmm- dil d Mhzsj ehv |bjBdia`di)

\bj ~md{ qds hij he |bj \zlhv bz`hzvsoh`jlkjs- ki qbkob jdob `dghv obdvdo|jv ks

Odvj ckmmjl |bj Od|) K| ks sdkl |bd| d od| bdikij mkujs- fz| odvj qhzml qjdv |bj` dmmhz|)Ozvkhsk|{ bdsi| vjojkujl d ahhl ~vjss

hujv |bj oji|zvkjs) _dki| Dzazs|kij qvh|j kiOhiejsskhis - DL ?;1- |bd|- ki |bj jhis fjehvjovjd|kia bjduji dil jdv|b- Ahl edsbkhijlbjmm ehv |bj kitzksk|kuj) Ghbi Omdvcj- ki^dvhj`khmhakd - 45?;- szaajs|jl |bd| Bj |bd|~v{j|b ki|h jujv{ omhzl `d{ fj s|vzoc qk|b d|bziljvfhm|) Ki Lhi Gzdi- Mhvl F{vhi odmmjlozvkhsk|{ |bd| mhq ukoj) \bd| fdl h~kikhi- dil|bj edo| |bd| od|s dvj ih|hvkhzsm{ kitzksk|kuj-mjdl |h |bj shzvoj he |bjkv lj`ksj fjkiaobdiajl evh` odvj |h ozvkhsk|{)

\bj jdvmkjs| cihqi ~vki|jl vjejvjioj |bd|zsjs |bj ozvkhsk|{ ehv` ks H) Bjiv{s _obhhms d_obhhms - 4;>;7

Ozvkhsk|{ odi lh `hvj |bkias |bdi ckmm

d od|3 dil ke j`h|khis- qjmm vjohaikwjl dsej`kikij- dvj kik`kodm |h ejmkij mkej- |bji gjdmhzs{ qhzml shhi mjduj |bj qbhmj qhvmlod|mjss)\bj jdvmkjs| ujvskhi |bd| K bduj ehzil he |bj

~vjoksj ozvvji| ehv` he |bj ~vhujvf ki ~vki| ksevh` \bj ^hv|s`hz|b Ldkm{ \k`js - @dvob 4;4:-ki d ~kjoj bjdljl \bj Bjkab| he Ozvkhsk|{7

@h|bjv Lhi| dsc sh `di{ tzjs|khis-obkml) Ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od|)Qkmmkj Qbd| lkl |bj od| qdi| |h cihq-

@h`8\bj evjtzji| vjghkiljv |h ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl|bj od| ks sd|ksedo|khi fvhzab| k| fdoc) \bd| fvkias zs |h |bj ehmmhq z~ s|hv{ hi |bj ijr|~daj qbjvj qj mjdvi |bj s|d|j he ozvkhsk|{ ki|bj 64s| oji|zv{)

Adv{ @dv|ki- dcd \bj ^bvdsj Ekiljv- ~hs|skiehv`d|khi hi `hvj |bdi :>->>> ~bvdsjs d| qqq)~bvdsjs)hva)zc

O V J D \ K I A

dsskaijl d ~dv|kozmdv bz`hzvhv |vdk|) \bj ~md{ ks |bhzab| |h

bduj fjji ~jvehv`jl ki 4:;2 f{ d |vhz~j he do|hvs kiomzlkiaQkmmkd` _bdcjs~jdvj dilQkmmkd` Cj`~j) _bdcjs~jdvjqds ih smhzob qbji k| od`j|h d~~vh~vkd|kia d `j`hvdfmjmkij dil k| ovh~s z~ |bjehmmhqkia {jdv ki@zob DlhDfhz| Ih|bkia 7

Qbd|- ohzvdaj di$ Qbd||bhzab odvj ckmmjl d od|-|bhz bds| `j||mj jihzab ki|bjj |h ckmm odvj)\bj ~vhujvfkdm jr~vjsskhi

ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od|-qbkob ks zszdmm{ zsjl qbjid||j`~|kia |h s|h~ sh`jhijdsckia ziqdi|jl tzjs|khisks`zob `hvj vjoji|) \bj jdvmkjv

ehv` qds s|kmm ki zsj ki 42;2- qbji k| qdslj ijl ki Fvjqjvs Lko|khidv{ he ^bvdsj dilEdfmj7

OVJD\KIA


31/44

_@DV\ JH^MJ 6;

Ehvaj| |bj od| Ozvkhsk|{ ks d ~hqjvezm `h|kud|hv he ovjd|kuj ~jh~mj\bj ozvj hv fhvjlh` ks ozvkhsk|{) \bjvj ks ih ozvj hv ozvkhsk|{)

y Lhvh|b{ ^dvcjv- D`jvkodi dz|bhv "42;? 4;51+ F{ Dilvjq Jcmzil

Lj ijl f{ `{ ljsc skljlko|khidv{ ds d ljj~-oh`~jmmkia ljskvj |h cihqsh`j|bkia- ozvkhsk|{ ks |bj`hs| k`~hv|di| ~jvshidmk|{|vdk| he ovjd|kuj ~jh~mj)

Qb{8 Kvhikodmm{- k|s fjodzsj ozvkhsk|{ ks |bj`h|kud|khi fjbkil qb{~jh~mj dsc |bj tzjs|khiQb{8 Hv- Qb{ ih|8 Hv`hs| oh``hi he dmm- Qbd|ke8

\bj fjs| vjghkiljv |hOzvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od| ks_d|ksedo|khi fvhzab| k| fdoc)Ovjd|kuj ~jh~mj dvj mmjl qk|bdi kiojssdi| ozvkhsk|{ dfhz| qjmm- gzs| dfhz| jujv{|bkia)

\bj{ jrbkfk| d vjmji|mjssdil hfsjsskuj ehozs hi dikilkuklzdm |h~ko- dil |bjiszlljim{ |zvi |bjkv d||ji|kujamdvj |h dih|bjv szfgjo|- hvhe|ji `di{ h|bjv szfgjo|s d||bj sd`j |k`j)

Qk|bhz| d lhzf|- |bj do|he lksohujv{- mjdvikia dilkiujs|kad|khi ks hij he |bj`hs| ~hqjvezm h|kud|hvs he ovjd|kuj ~jh~mj)

\bj{ ohis|di|m{ k``jvsjdil szvvhzil |bj`sjmujsqk|b ds `zob kiehv`d|khi ds|bj{ odi aj| |bjkv bdils hi)Qbj|bjv |bj{ cihq k| jrdo|m{hv ih|- |bj{ s|hvj dmm he |bkskiehv`d|khi ki |bjkv bjdlsds cihqmjlaj- |h ovjd|j dilkiuji| kljds d| d md|jv |k`j)

\bj{ vdvjm{ mk`k| |bjkvki|jvjs| |h ~dv|kozmdv dvjds3

vd|bjv- |bj{ sjjc hz| |h~kosqbkob `kab| fj ohiskljvjlzizszdm- ihi |vdlk|khidmhv hz| he |bj hvlkidv{ |h`hs| ~jh~mj ih| fjodzsjk|s zizszdm ~jv sj- sk`~m{ fjodzsj k| `kab| fj zsjezm d|dih|bjv |k`j)

Ozvkhsk|{ ks dmsh d id|zvdmdi|klh|j he dssz`~|khi- fjodzsj di{ dvjd mje|zijr~mdkijl ks sk`~m{ |hh`zob he obdmmjiaj |h mjdujzijr~mhvjl)

Ohiskljvkia bhq uk|dm|bj |h~kos he ovjd|kuk|{ dilozvkhsk|{ dvj |h jdob h|bjv-k|s id|zvdm |bjvj dvj sjujvdm~dvdmmjms)i Ovjd|kuk|{ dil ozvkhsk|{

dvj fh|b lj ijl dil

gzlajl f{ |bjkv hz|~z|7ovjd|kuk|{ ovjd|js kljds-dil ozvkhsk|{ ovjd|jstzjs|khis)

i Ijk|bjv ovjd|kuk|{ dilozvkhsk|{ ks |dzab| dss~jok o ohzvsjs d| sobhhmhv zikujvsk|{- sh `hs|~jh~mj |jil |h mjdvi|bjsj sckmms f{ ljedzm| `jdikia- qj mjdvi f{|vkdm dil jvvhv)

i Gzs| ds qj odi k`~vhuj|bvhzab ~vdo|koj hzvovjd|kuj dfkmk|{ |h ajijvd|jkljds- |bj sd`j ks |vzj ehvozvkhsk|{- f{ mjdvikia bhq|h ehv`- ~vkhvk|kwj dil dsc tzjs|khis)@hs| ozvkhsk|{ dfhz| d

s~jok o |h~ko hv ~vhfmj`|{~kodmm{ fjakis qk|b |bkstzjs|khi7 Qbd| kiehv`d|khi

dil cihqmjlaj lh K ijjl |hdotzkvj hv |d~ ki|h8

Dilvjq Jcmzil- 6: {jdvs ds doh``zikod|hv ki |bj Z)_)- Dskd- @kllmj Jds| dil Dzs|vdmkd-bds oh`fkijl bks |vdlj qk|bbks ~dsskhi ehv ovjd|kuk|{ ds dovjd|kuj lkvjo|hv- fvdkis|hv` edokmk|d|hv dil qhvcsbh~mjdljv) Fmha Ovjd|kuj _|vjdc b||~7((dil{jcmzil)|{~j~dl)oh`(ovjd|kujs|vjdc) Ohiszm|dio{ qqq)dtzs)oh`)

Ozvkhsk|{ ckmmjl |bj od| sk||jv

\b v g kil v sd|k do|k i fv ab| k| fdobd d ia|b{ bk | v{ ld| fdoc d| d | 4;??)

Ku i | f i df | |vdo |b vo|bk ll v ~ {- Adv{ `dv|ki d{ ) \b vok|d|k i k| |bd| Ku il ki ~vki| k vK qdi o a dadwki -\bj Ohj Ohmmjaj Ohs`hs )

^ vbd~ |b f | v g kil v od ki 6>>ki |b |k| d |b v F dkw O i|l i k| f c-Ozvkhsk|{ Ckmmjl |bj Od| _k||jv$

Ki |b ~ |- |b od| k|| v i| v b v v

b | |dc odv d od| id l Ab |) Ekilb v vk il u v lv qi l ki |b od| f" i { |dc |q io - { ci q+) Dil |bod| kib vk| |b v| i )

OVJD\KIA

DILVJQ JCMZIL


32/44

OVJD\KIA

?> _@DV\ ^JH^MJ

J^D ghkis ki|jv dajio{ jeehv| |h sz~~hv|s`dv|jv avhq|b dil mkudfmj oh``zik|kjsKi d mhia hujvlzj `huj-|bj Z)_) J^D bds ehv`dmm{~mjlajl |h qhvc ki |dilj`qk|b |bj Lj~dv|`ji| he \vdis~hv|d|khi dil |bjLj~dv|`ji| he Bhzskia dilZvfdi Ljujmh~`ji| |h bjm~D`jvkodi ed`kmkjs adki fj||jvdoojss |h deehvldfmj bhzskia-`hvj |vdis~hv|d|khi h~|khis-dil mhqjv |vdis~hv|d|khi ohs|s-doohvlkia |h di J^D s|d|j`ji|)

Ki |js|k`hi{ fjehvj |bjZ)_) _jid|j- J^D Dl`kiks|vd|hvMksd Gdocshi diihziojlbjv dajio{ qhzml ghki |bjh|bjv |qh lj~dv|`ji|s ki dizi~vjojlji|jl ~dv|ijvsbk~ |h

dllvjss |bj ljj~ ohiijo|khis fj|qjji qbjvj ~jh~mj mkuj-bhq `zob k| ohs|s- bhq qjaj| dvhzil- dil |bj k`~do||bhsj obhkojs zm|k`d|jm{ bdujhi |bj jiukvhi`ji|)

Hzv ijq ^dv|ijvsbk~ehv _zs|dkidfmj Oh``zik|kjsvjohaikwjs |bj sk`~mj edo| |bd|qbd| jdob he hzv dajiokjs lhks ohiijo|jl- Gdocshi |hml |bj_jid|j Fdickia- Ekidioj dilZvfdi Deedkvs Oh``k||jj)

Qbjvj {hz mkuj deejo|sbhq {hz aj| dvhzil- dil bhq{hz aj| dvhzil he|ji deejo|sqbjvj {hz mkuj)

Fh|b ljokskhisdeejo| hzv jiukvhi`ji|)Qhvckia |haj|bjv vd|bjv|bdi kilj~jilji|m{- hzv|bvjj dajiokjs odi k`~vhuj|bj jiukvhi`ji|- |bj|vdis~hv|d|khi s{s|j`- dilbh`js dil oh``zik|kjs

|bvhzabhz| |bj Zik|jl _|d|js)Ahujvi`ji| dajiokjs|jil |h ehozs jromzskujm{ hi|bjkv hqi ksszj dvjds- sdklAjhee Diljvshi- ~vjsklji|he _`dv| Avhq|b D`jvkod)Fz| |bj ksszjs he bhzskia-|vdis~hv|d|khi dil |bjjiukvhi`ji| dvj sh ljj~m{mkicjl |bd| di{ |vzj shmz|khisqkmm kiuhmuj dmm |bvjj he |bjsjdajiokjs)

_`dv| Avhq|b D`jvkodks jiohzvdajl |h sjj |bjsjdajiokjs qhvckia |haj|bjv |hshmuj ~vhfmj`s vd|bjv |bdi|v{kia |h shmuj gzs| |bjkv hqi~kjoj he |bj ~zwwmj) \bjsjahdms qkmm bjm~ dmm |bvjjdajiokjs ki |bjkv ~dv|ijvsbk~|h lh |bj sd`j |bkia _ADks |v{kia |h lh7 `dcj hzvavhq|b- ljujmh~`ji| dil

|vdis~hv|d|khi edkv- jtzk|dfmj-jiukvhi`ji|dmm{ szs|dkidfmjdil deehvldfmj ehv dmmD`jvkodis- sdkl Diljvshi)

\js|k`hi{ evh`Dl`kiks|vd|hv Gdocshi hz|mkijs|bj skr hujvdvobkia ~vkiok~mjehv mkudfkmk|{ |bd| qkmm lv|bks ~dv|ijvsbk~- ~vhuklkiad obdioj |h `jdszvj |bjkvszoojss7i ^ vhuklj `hvj

|vdis~hv|d|khi obhkojs)

Ljujmh~ sdej- vjmkdfmj diljohih`kodm |vdis~hv|d|khiobhkojs ki hvljv |h ljovjdsjbhzsjbhml |vdis~hv|d|khiohs|s- vjlzoj hzv id|khislj~jiljioj hi ehvjkai hkm-k`~vhuj dkv tzdmk|{- vjlzojavjjibhzsj ads j`ksskhis dil~vh`h|j ~zfmko bjdm|b)i ^vh`h|j jtzk|dfmj-

deehvldfmj bhzskia)Jr~dil mhod|khi dil jijva{

je okji| bhzskia obhkojs ehv~jh~mj he dmm dajs- kioh`js-vdojs dil j|bikok|kjs |hkiovjdsj `hfkmk|{ dil mhqjv|bj oh`fkijl ohs| he bhzskiadil |vdis~hv|d|khi)i Kiovjdsj johih`ko

oh`~j|k|kujijss)Jibdioj johih`kooh`~j|k|kujijss |bvhzabvjmkdfmj dil |k`jm{ doojss|h j`~mh{`ji| oji|jvs-jlzod|khidm h~~hv|zik|kjs-sjvukojs dil h|bjv fdskoijjls f{ qhvcjvs ds qjmm dsjr~diljl fzskijss doojss |h`dvcj|s)i _z~~hv| jrks|kia

oh``zik|kjs)\dvaj| ejljvdm ezilkia|hqdvl jrks|kia oh``zik|kjs|h kiovjdsj oh``zik|{vjuk|dmkwd|khi- |bj je okjio{ h

s dv| Av q|b D vkod k d o d k|k i id|k id -|d| dil od vadikwd|k i q vckia | k ~v u

|b qd{ q ~ di dil f k l |b | qi - ok|k dil |v dv d q od b )\b o d k|k i kio l di{ |b f |

ci qi id|k id vadikwd|k i dlu od|kia i f bd bk | vko ~v vud|k i- |b iukv i i|-

dv dil dil ~ i ~do ~v vud|k i-i kabf vb l v uk|d kwd|k i dil v )

h v |d| dil v ak id u f v dv o ik|{ fd l vadikwd|k i q vckia | du |v d v l dil od~ qbk dckia v | qi dil ok|k u v v kudf dil udf )

\b o d k|k i f k u |bd| |b D vkodi ~ ~ l vu b d |b{ ok|k - | qi dil

f vf 3 b |bd| dv f |b d vldf dil

o | g f dil do|kuk|k 3 q v b v ki |vd o dil v ~~ v| ik|k | ig { v ov d|k i dil id| vd dv d 3 dkv dil qd| v |b bkab | t d k|{3 dil d dil od~ v obk lv i odi f ~ v l | kib vk|) hvlkidv{ ok|kw i - |b { d{-l vu d ob av d| v d{ dil f || v ~|k i ki ob kia |b kv o ik|k | v )m dvi v d| qqq) dv|av q|bd vkod) va(


33/44

_@DV\ ^JH^MJ ?4

OVJD\KIA

~zfmko qhvcs kiujs|`ji|s dilsdejazdvl vzvdm mdilsod~js)i Mjujvdaj ejljvdm

kiujs|`ji|)Ohh~jvd|kujm{ dmkai ejljvdm~hmkokjs dil ezilkia |h vj`huj fdvvkjvs- mjujvdaj ezilkia dilkiovjdsj |bj doohzi|dfkmk|{ diljeejo|kujijss he dmm mjujms he ahujvi`ji| |h ~mdi ehv ez|zvjavhq|b)i Udmzj oh``zik|kjs

dil ijkabfhvbhhls)Jibdioj |bj ziktzjobdvdo|jvks|kos he dmmoh``zik|kjs f{ kiujs|kia kibjdm|b{- sdej dil qdmcdfmjijkabfhvbhhls vzvdm- zvfdi

hv szfzvfdi)Dl`kiks|vd|hv Gdocshi~hki|jl hz| ki bjv |js|k`hi{|bd| qbd| LH\- BZL dilJ D dvj d||j`~|kia ks edvhz|sklj |bj zszdm Qdsbkia|hi~md{fhhc)

F{ davjjkia |h qhvc |haj|bjv ki ~dv|ijvsbk~- hzv|bvjj dajiokjs bduj |dcji dibks|hvko s|j~- sbj sdkl)

Qj bduj ovjd|jl devd`jqhvc |bd| qkmm azklj |bjohh~jvd|kuj ljujmh~`ji| he ~hmkokjs- vjazmd|khis- s~jilkia~vkhvk|kjs- dil mjaksmd|kuj~vh~hsdms |h bjm~ mhodm- s|d|jdil |vkfdm ahujvi`ji|s ovjd|js`dv|jv- `hvj mkudfmj- `hvjszs|dkidfmj oh``zik|kjs)

_`dv| Avhq|b D`jvkodd~~mdzljl |bj diihzioj`ji|qbkob jr|jils d ~dv|ijvsbk~

vs| s|dv|jl ki @dvob fj|qjjiBZL dil LH\)

K| sbhqs |bd| |bj Hfd`ddl`kiks|vd|khi dil |bjsjd~~hki|jl dajio{ bjdlsziljvs|dil |bd| |bjsj ksszjsdvj kijr|vkodfm{ ohiijo|jl-doohvlkia |h _`dv| Avhq|bD`jvkod)

_hmukia _~vdqm_|hvkjs he s`dv| avhq|b dil d fj||jv D`jvkod\bj szvjs| qd{ ehv |bj Zik|jl _|d|js |h dobkjuj avjd|jv jijva{ kilj~jiljiojks |bvhzab dlh~|kia s`dv| avhq|b ~hmkokjs |bd| vjlzoj szfzvfdi s~vdqm dilvjlzoj hzv lj~jiljioj hi hkm- doohvlkia |h d ijq fhhc f{ d mjdlkia dz|bhvk|{ hi|bj D`jvkodi zvfdi mdilsod~j)

_hmukia _~vdqm7 @hljms he _`dv| Avhq|b evh` Oh``zik|kjs Dovhss D`jvkod -~zfmksbjl f{ IVLO "Id|zvdm Vjshzvojs Ljejisj Ohziokm+ ki ohh~jvd|khi qk|bKsmdil ^vjss- mhhcs d| vjdm qhvml jrd`~mjs he s`dv| avhq|b dovhss |bj ohzi|v{)

Dz|bhvs E) Cdkl Fji jml- Gz|cd \jvvks dil Idio{ Uhvsdiajv md{ fdvj doh``hi `{|b dfhz| s~vdqm |bd| |bj dm|jvid|kuj ks d bdm| |h avhq|b) Ds@dv{mdil Ahu) ^dvvks I) Amjiljikia qvk|js ki |bj ehvjqhvl |h |bj fhhc- avhq|b`d{ fj kijuk|dfmj- fz| lz`f avhq|b ks ih|)

_~vdqm ks dmm |hh ed`kmkdv7 `jads|hvjs szvvhziljl f{ dovjs he ds~bdm|- ohhcoz||jv szflkukskhis- |vde o omhaajl bkabqd{s- dil edv`mdil |zvijl ki|h s|vk~`dmms) ^hhvm{ ~mdiijl- mdil bziav{ lz`f avhq|b jd|s z~ edv`s- `jdlhqsdil ehvjs|s) K| |zvis |bj mdilsod~j ki|h qds|jezm- s|jvkmj he oj ~dvcs dilszflkukskhis |bd| sjvuj odvs fj||jv |bdi ~jh~mj)

_hmukia _~vdqm|jmms |bj s|hvkjs he oh``zik|kjs |bd| dvj avhqkia dilljujmh~kia qk|bhz| vdudakia h~ji s~dojs dil lj~mj|kia ~vjokhzs id|zvdmvjshzvojs) K| heejvs d fmzj~vki| ehv ohiojvijl ok|kwjis- ukskhidv{ dvobk|jo|s-

ljujmh~jvs dil ~mdiijvs- jmjo|jl he okdms dil mhodm ahujvi`ji|s s|vzaamkia qk|b|bj ~vhfmj`s odzsjl f{ zivjs|vdkijl avhq|b)\bj fhhc mhhcs d| ?: oh``zik|kjs ki ok|kjs |h szfzvfs dvhzil |bj ohzi|v{

|bd| bduj ehmmhqjl |bj ~vkiok~mjs he s`dv| avhq|b |h fvjdc |bj o{omj he s~vdqm)\bj{ dvj ~mdiikia fj||jv- ohioji|vd|kia ljujmh~`ji| qbjvj sobhhms- vhdls

dil sjqjv mkijs dvj dmvjdl{ ki ~mdoj- dil vjkiujs|kia ki hmljv oh``zik|kjskis|jdl he dfdilhikia |bj`) \bj{ dvj ~mdokia bh`js ijdv `dghv |vdisk| s|d|khishv qk|bki qdmckia lks|dioj he sbh~s- vjs|dzvdi|s dil he ojs) \bj{ dvj fzkmlkiaoh``zik|kjs |bd| bjm~ ~vjsjvuj id|zvdm- h~ji s~dojs dil |bd| dvj `hvj mkudfmjdil d||vdo|kuj |bdi |bjkv s~vdqmkia ohzi|jv~dv|s)Vjdl k| himkij7 b||~7((|ki{zvm)oh`(i;tl5h


34/44

OVJD\KIA

?6 _@DV\ JH^MJ

@hij|kwkia {hzv fmha@dcj szvj ~dsskhi ks `dvcj|dfmj dil sjmm- sjmm- sjmBkab ~v - |k ~v k id f aa v Ldukl Vk { "qb dc

f aakia+ k ki| vuk q l f{ ckl f aa v Odv hodf "qb fdic u a v d{ qdi| | i |kw { v f a- k | i ~$Ki|jvukjq f{ Odvm "Ckl fmhaajv+ HodfOdvm7 Bhq lkl {hz aj| s|dv|jl fmhaakia- Ldukl8LdukL7 K s|dv|jl Ô@job)oh` 4>{jdvs dah fjehvj fmhaakia qdsd qhvl) K qds vziikia mkcj d fmha juji fjehvj |bjvj qds fmhaakia she|qdvj)Odvm7 B``) \bd| qds fjehvj|bj lh| oh` ovdsb)LdukL7 [jsdil K qds hij he |bj szvukuhvs he |bj ovdsb)K bdl shml Ô@job |h d lh|oh` oh`~di{) \bji |bj ovdsbod`j dil |bj oh`~di{ fjadi|h edkm) K| dm`hs| |hhc `{ sk|j

qk|b k|) \bd| qbhmj jr~jvkjiojlvhuj `j |h sjmmkia `{ hqi~vhlzo|s dil ilkia qd{s |h`hij|kwj zskia dls)

Odvm7 [hz `ji|khi hi {hzvQjf sk|j |bd| {hz bjm~ ~jh~mj|zvi |bjkv ~dsskhis ki|h shmkl-~vh |dfmj fzskijssjs) Bhq odi{hz |jmm ke |bjkv ~dsskhis dvj~vh |dfmj8LdukL7 Ekvs|- K odi| vjdmm{ bjm~~jh~mj qk|b |bjkv ~dsskhis)\bd|s z~ |h |bj`) Qbd| Kvjdmm{ lh ks bjm~ |bj` judmzd|j|bj `dvcj|) Qbji ~jh~mj s|dv||bj{vj mkcj K qds d| vs|)

K ijujv aduj `dvcj|dfkmk|{|bj smkab|js| |bhzab|) De|jvbdukia ahij |bvhzab k|- K ihqjiohzvdaj ~jh~mj |h `dcj dmks| he |h~kos |bj{vj ~dsskhid|jdfhz| dil |bji lh sh`j

`dvcj| vjsjdvob |h lj|jv`kijqbkob ~dsskhi ks do|zdmm{ahkia |h qhvc) Ki sh`j odsjs-k| `d{ fj d ahhl |h~ko |h fj~dsskhid|j dfhz|- fz| k| ksi|~vh |dfmj)Odvm7 Qbd| |hhms lh {hz zsj |hlj|jv`kij ~vh |dfkmk|{8LdukL7 D`dwhi)oh` ks d ahhlhij) Ah |bjvj dil mhhc d| |bj`dadwkij sjo|khi dil sjj bhqhe|ji d `dadwkij hi {hzv |h~koks ~zfmksbjl)

Ke k|s `hi|bm{- |bd|kilkod|js |bjvjs jihzabdo|kuk|{ |h sz~~hv| k| dil~jh~mj dvj akukia |bj`dlujv|kskia lhmmdvs) Ke |bj{him{ oh`j hz| |qkoj d {jdv-|bd| |jmms {hz sh`j|bkia)Dmsh mhhc d| |bj ~vkokia he |bj`dadwkij)

\bj h|bjv vjsjdvob |hhmK zsj ks Ahhamjs cj{ qhvlsjdvob) ^mza ki d ejq cj{qhvls ehv |bj `dvcj| {hzvjmhhckia d| dil {hz odido|zdmm{ sjj qbd| |h~kos dvjd||vdo|kia dls)

Odvm7 Qbd| dvj |bj |bvjj |h~shzvojs he |vde o hi Ô@job8LdukL7 Ahhamj- Ahhamj dilAhhamj) K lhi| s~jil `zob|k`j hi |bj shokdm ij|qhvcsjroj~| Edojfhhc)Odvm7 [hzv Ô@job `dvcj| ks~vj||{ fvhdl) Bhq lkl {hzs|dil hz| ki |bj `kr8 Dildmsh- {hz qjvj dfmj |h sjmm

`j`fjvsbk~s) \bd|s ohhm)LdukL7 Ekvs|- qbji K s|dv|jl |bd|sk|j |bjvj qjvji| ds `di{ |job fmhas hz| |bjvj- fz| sjohilm{k| qds d `d||jv he obhhskia d~dv|kozmdv szf ikobj qk|bki k|)K ljokljl ih| |h aj| ki|h lhkiad fziob he bdvlqdvj vjukjqs`dkim{ fjodzsj jujv{fhl{lhjs |bd|) _h K `dlj d ~hki| |h|dvaj| |bkias |bd|

Smart People magazine 4/2009

Documents

Transcript of Smart People magazine 4/2009