Smart City & Sustainable

Development

10th

& 11th

March, 2016 – MADURAI

ER. AJIT SABNIS

President, Association of Consulting Civil Engineers (India)

President.accehq@gmail.com

TITLE SLIDE

CONTENTS

• Introduction

• Two Challenges

• Key Definitions

• The Genesis- Urbanization

• What is a City ?

• Problems in City

• What is a Smart City ?

• What is Sustainable development ?

• Classification of Development

• Smart City Components

• 100 Smart Cities- Govt Initiative

• Madurai Case study

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Human History and Transitions

• Hunting & Fishing to Agriculture

• Individualistic to Community Living

Need of the Hour

• Industrialize and Develop

• Environmental Impact Programs

Conference of Parties

• Paris Summit

KEY DEFINITIONS 1

FIVE CLIMATIC

ZONES OF INDIA

NBC 2005

HOT AND DRY

HOT AND HUMID

COMPOSITE

COLD

MODERATE

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT comprises of all living and

non-living things naturally existing in a given

environment.

KEY DEFINITIONS 2

BUILT ENVIRONMENT, refers to human made surroundings

that help human survival with comfort.

KEY DEFINITIONS 3

Built Environment

interacts with

Natural Environment in several

ways. Throughout their Life Cycle

they Consume resources

in the form of Energy, Water,

Materials, etc. and emit

wastes.

KEY DEFINITIONS 4

INTERACTION

Green House Gasses (GHG)

A greenhouse gas is any

gaseous compound in the

atmosphere that is capable

of absorbing infrared

radiation, thereby trapping

and holding heat in the

atmosphere. By increasing

the heat in the

atmosphere, greenhouse

gases are responsible for

the greenhouse effect, which

ultimately leads to global

warming.

KEY DEFINITIONS 5

Global Warming

Global Warming is the increase of Earth's

average surface temperature due to effect of

greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide

emissions from burning fossil fuels or from

deforestation ,which trap heat that would

otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type

of greenhouse effect.

KEY DEFINITIONS 6

Global Warming

KEY DEFINITIONS 7

Average Global

Temperature

According to NASA, the average Global

Temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8°

Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880. Two-thirds of

the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of

roughly 0.15-0.20°C per decade.

Global Mean Surface air

temperature estimated

14°C (57°F), with an

uncertainty of several

tenths of a degree.

KEY DEFINITIONS 8

As a Result, Our Contribution To Earth

CRACKING

LAND MASS

VANISHING

FORESTS

BURNING

FLORA-FAUNA

MELTING ICE

KEY DEFINITIONS 9

AND MAN MADE DISASTERS

KEY DEFINITIONS 10

AND GLOBAL WARMING

KEY DEFINITIONS 11

IN A NUT SHELL – THE BURNING PLANET

KEY DEFINITIONS 12

RECENT COP21

SUMMIT HELD AT

PARIS , CALLS FOR

RESTRICTING

GLOBAL AVERAGE

TEMPERATURE

NOT TO EXCEED

2 deg C.

195 COUNTRIES

PARTICIPATED.

JOINT PLEDGE.

GREAT CONCERN.

NEED OF THE HOUR IS……

WHAT IS

SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

― Sustainable development refers to a mode of

human development in which resource use aims

to meet human needs while preserving the

environment so that these needs can be met not

only in the present, but also for future

generations to come‖ ………. APJ

THE GENESIS- RAPID URBANIZATION

THE GENESIS

CHANDLER & FOX in their exhaustive report on Patterns

of growth in urban areas confirm this migration pattern

existing since time immemorial.

THE GENESIS

ANOTHER STUDY SHOWS BY 2050, 70% OF THE GLOBAL

POPULATION STARTS LIVING IN URBAN AREAS.

INDIA TOO IS NOT GOING TO BE LEFT BEHIND. IT SHALL

CONTINUE TO FOLLOW THE SAME PATTERN.

THE GENESIS

WHAT IS

URBANIZATION

THEN ?

Urbanization is a

process where

haphazard growth

occurs in urban

population.

The current phase

of urbanization is

described as post-

urban phase

THE GENESIS

WHAT IS A CITY ?

WHAT IS A CITY

Cities are very diverse and

complex in nature. They

are like intricately woven

fabric, made of threads of :

Social, Cultural, Industrial,

Economical, Institutional,

political, regional,

Commercial etc.

They are also dependent on

mindsets of its citizens.

SMART CITIES-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

― Cities are like

organisms sucking in

resources and emitting

wastes. There are

three variables

responsible for the

collapse of the city-

Population, Environment

and Resources ‖

-Rogers Richard

THE CITY CYCLE

THE GENESIS

1. RURAL MIGRATION

5. ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT

4. INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT

3.

INDUSTRIALIZATION

2. URBANIZATION

6. GLOBAL WARMING

7. GHG EMISSIONS 8. MANMADE

DISASTERS

PROBLEMS IN A CITY 1/4

PROBLEMS OF A CITY

SCARCITY OF RESOURCES- Limited resources like

energy, healthcare, housing, and water. Freshwater

consumption is expected to rise 25% by 2030 due

largely to the increase in population.

INADEQUATE AND DETERIORATING

INFRASTRUCTURE- Most of the key

infrastructure components, like bridges, drinking

water, energy, roads, schools, transportation, and

water, not adequate to provide services to rapidly

growing populations.

ENERGY SHORTAGES AND PRICE INSTABILITY-

Large urban populations are a major driver of

this trend, and cities often struggle to adequately

meet demand due to a lack of supply as well as

inefficient transmission and distribution systems to the end customer.

PROBLEMS IN A CITY 2/4

PROBLEMS OF A CITY (CONTD)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH CONCERNS-

The rise in global temperature leads to crazy

things — from hotter heat spells and droughts

in some places, to colder cold spells and more

violent storms, more intense flooding, forest

fires, and species loss in other places. Negative

human health impacts are linked to

environmental impacts — such as air pollution

from burning fossil fuels contribute to air

quality problems: ―Respiratory disorders due to

increase in smog level can damage lung tissue,

and is especially harmful for those with asthma

and other chronic lung diseases.

PROBLEMS IN A CITY 3/4

PROBLEMS OF A CITY (CONTD)

DEMAND FOR BETTER ECONOMIC

OPPORTUNITIES AND SOCIAL

BENEFITS- It’s important to

remember that the ultimate driver of

rapid urbanization is

overwhelmingly opportunistic — the

pursuit of improved economic

opportunities and social benefits.

The rapid pace of today’s migration

is unprecedented. And the promise

of the smart city is to help ensure

that the economic and social

benefits of urbanization are actually

realized by curbing its negative

consequences.

Urban Heat Island Effect

PROBLEMS IN A CITY 4/4

THE SOLUTION – SMART CITIES

SMART CITIES-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

WHAT IS A SMART CITY

There are several definitions:

Narrow definition—Cities that use information and

communication technologies to deliver services to

their citizens.

Broader definition- Smart cities use information and

communication technologies (ICT) to be more

intelligent and efficient in the use of resources,

resulting in cost and energy savings, improved

service delivery and quality of life, and reduced

environmental footprint—all supporting innovation

and the low-carbon economy.

Boyd Cohen, an urban strategist helping to lead communities,

cities and companies on the journey towards the smart,

innovative and low carbon economy.

DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION 1/ 3

BROWN FIELD DEVELOPMENT

Existing cities made smart - This partial

approach (step by step; with retrofits and

upgrades) is followed by most cities.

DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION 2/3

New cities, built smart from the start: these

cities are designed to attract businesses and

residents with a master plan that uses ICT to

deliver efficient citizen benefit services.

GREEN FIELD DEVELOPMENT

These are cities established with Specific

purposes example, Industrial cities, Science

towns, Educational etc.

DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION 3/3

PURPOSE-DRIVEN CITIES

-SMART ECONOMY

-SMART PEOPLE

-SMART GOV.

-SMART MOBILITY

-SMART ENVRNMT

-SMART LIVING

-SMART EDUCATION

SMART CITIES-COMPONENTS

7-SMART CITY

COMPONENTS

SMART CITIES-COMPONENTS

SMART CITY

INDICATORS

• Cities are engines of growth for the

economy .

• Nearly 31% of India‘s current

population lives in urban areas and

contributes 63% of India‘s GDP

• With increasing urbanization, urban

areas are expected to house 40% of

India‘s population and contribute

75% of India‘s GDP by 2030.

• This requires comprehensive

development of

Physical, institutional, social and

economic infrastructure.

INDIAN GOVERNMENT

INITIATIVE

India has been extremely

aggressive in executing

its vision of setting up

100 Smart Cities.

98 cities have been

shortlisted in the first

stage of selection

process. With the

commencement of the

second stage, these 20

cities shortlisted.

INDIAN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE 100 SMART CITIES

AND MADURAI IS ONE OF 100 SMART

CITIES. HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS !!!

• Retains many remnants of its historic origins.

• The intricate network of rivers, channel, canals,

tanks and groundwater forms the city‘s essential

blue-green infrastructure, providing

water, drainage and sanitation for domestic,

agricultural and industrial use.

Madurai is an

important

educational,

industrial and

tourism hub.

These are risks

such as water

scarcity, climate

change, growing

traffic congestion

and damage to

important natural

habitats.

The city is growing rapidly.

Expected to rise to over 2 million

people by 2030. This will lead to

further pressures on infrastructure

and basic services.

Madurai is also facing a wide range

of risks that will hinder

future growth and quality of life

unless actionis taken soon.

Increase in average temperatures and rainfall

variability will lead to wide ranging effects on many

sectors, including food and water systems, human

health, buildings, transport, energy and ecosystems.

The city is likely to

be particularly

impacted by

climate change.

Madurai lies in a

warm- humid

climatic zone,

which is hot and

dry with

intermittent and

irregular rainfall.

MAJOR RISKS FACING MADURAI

FLOODING:

The areas which are particularly prone to flooding

include parts of the city which lie within the natural

floodplain of the river and drainage channels.

WATER DISTRIBUTION:

Lack of Network of water distribution within the city and

newly expanding areas.

INADEQUATE GROUNDWATER:

Groundwater serving the city is not of good quality due

to inadequate sanitation infrastructure and seepage of

pollutants into the water table.

DEGRADING ECOSYSTEM:

Ecosystem services such as oxygen production, carbon

storage, natural filtering of toxins and pollutants etc are

reducing due to degrading ecosystem.

BLUE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE APPROACH

This approach demonstrates how to manage the

interconnected set of challenges relating to Water

Resources management, water supply and water quality,

sanitation, solid waste management, Flooding and

conservation of natural ecosystems in the context of the

urban development trajectory and its changing climate.

The city government

and stakeholders

identified ‗blue green

infrastructure‘ as the

priority issue that

required action.

MADURAI WASTE MANAGEMENT- EXAMPLE

WASTE

PYRAMID CITY POPULATION – 1.4 M

FLOATING – 0.3 M

CITY GROWING AT 18% APPROX

TOT. WASTE GENERATED- 500 MT/DAY

MADURAI WASTE MANAGEMENT- EXAMPLE

52%

20%

3%

25%

DOMESTIC

COMMERCIAL

HOSPITALS

OTHERS

TOTAL WASTE 500 MT/DAY

CITY SOLID WASTE PER DAY

MT POPULATION IN

LAKHS

MADURAI 500 17

CHENNAI 4500 85

BANGALORE 5000 101

MYSORE 400 11

BHOPAL 950 24

MUMBAI 8500 220

ALL INDIA SOLID WASTE

190000 MT / DAY

ACTION PLAN - ZERO GARBAGE CITY

CAMPAIGN ON SEGREGATION

PUBLIC AWARENESS

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

COLLECTION METHOD

WASTE SEGREGATION

WASTE TREATMENT

SCIENTIFIC DISPOSAL

BIOMASS – POWER GENERATION AND

REUSE

SMART CITIES

SMART PLANNING SMARTLY INTERCONNECTED

SMART HPBs

FROM CIVIL ENGINEERS PERSPECTIVE

Proper ventilation

Prevention of indoor Microbial Contamination

Utilization of Recycled Materials

Glazed Windows and Solar Utility

Rainwater harvesting and Water Conservation

Maximizing Renewable Resources

Minimizing use of depleting Resources

Promoting Locally available Materials

Minimizing Operational and Maintenance Energy

Reduced Carbon and Water Footprints

Incentives to Sustainable Infrastructure.

Non Negotiable Byelaws and green

Construction Methods

EN

FO

RC

EM

EN

T O

F S

TR

IN

GE

NT

BY

EL

AW

S B

EE

&

E

CB

C

HPBs

GREEN ROOFS

BUILDING

AUTOMATION

Good Indoor air quality

encompasses factors as

maintenance of

acceptable temperature,

relative humidity, control

of airborne contaminants,

and adequate ventilation.

Thermal comfort begins

with good design, proper

building management,

and seeks to avoid

uneven temperatures,

radiant heat gains or

losses (e.g., from window

areas), draftiness,

stuffiness, excessive

dryness, or high relative

humidity .

GOOD INDOOR

AIR QUALITY

ELECTRIFIED WOOD

FLYASH UNFIRED -ECO BRICKS BARK SIDINGS AND SHINGLES

SMART

MATERIALS

Blocks are stacked without mortar, and the center

core of the stacked blocks is filled with grout to form a

solid concrete core that separates the other two air

cores.

SMART CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGIES

BIOMIMICRY

SMART

DESIGNS

• Speed of Construction

• Timely Completion

• Quality Maintenance

• Cost Effectiveness

• Higher Productivity

• Reduced Manpower

• Worker Safety

SMART

EQUIPMENTS

REINFORCEMENT

SMART

QUALITY

MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION

The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to

the old method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-

place concrete.

SMART

METHODOLOGIES

SMART

METHODOLOGIES

PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

SMART

METHODOLOGIES

LS