Smart Automotive Domain Gateways - STMicroelectronics · 2021. 7. 20. · Automotive Industry...

Smart Automotive Domain Gateways

Khaldoun Albarazi

Market Development Engineer

Automotive Product Division

STMicroelectronics

Agenda

• Automotive Industry Transformation

• Technology Drivers

• Architecture Evolution

• Advanced Processing Demand

2

Agenda





3

Automotive Industry TransformationFrom Simple Mechanics to Complex Electronics

4

Computational

Power

Electronics era

Mechanical era

Software in-car networking era

End-to-End User Experience

Environmentally Friendly

Cloud / Data Business Model

Car Engine

Gasoline / Diesel ECUs

Data Processing

Hybrid Engine

Connectivity

& Full Electrification

Poor Drivability

High maintenance costs

Electronic Engine Control

Manual Gearbox

Automatic Gearbox

Driver Assisted

Smooth Electric Engine

No gearbox / No thermal engine

Maintenance free

Mainly Analog &

Power ICs1st Simple MCU’s 16-bit MCU’s 32-bit MCU’s

Multicore, Virtual Cores, High processing,

Security & Fast connectivity

1900 1970 1990 2010 Today

• 70-90 ECUs on average

• 8-12 communication buses

• Various communication protocols

• CAN

• LIN

• Ethernet

• Flexray ..

Today’s Automotive System 5

Application Segmentation

1% 3% 4%10%

15%20%

30%35%

50%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Sha

re o

f Tota

l C

ost

Growth Automotive ECU Cost

Source: Statista

Previous & Current Architectures 6

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN MOST

FL

EX

RA

Y

Gateway

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

LIN

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU ECU

ECU ECU

Switch

ETHERNET

FLEXRAY

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN

CA

N F

D

OB

D

Central Gateway

Legacy Network

Distributed / modular flat

architecture

Dominated by classic CAN

Low protection level

Gateway integrated into

BCM

Each ECU serves specific

function

Application-specific buses

and many 1-to-1 direct

communication links

CAN, LIN, FlexRay, MOST

Topology and Key Properties

Basic functional integration

Multiple network interfaces

More function-specific

ECUs

Security becomes crutial

Current Network

Introduction of OTA

Application-specific buses

and multiple 1-to-1 direct

communication links

CAN FD, LIN, FlexRay,

Ethernet 100Mb/s

Agenda





7

Technology Drivers 8

Major Trends

ADAS & AD

• Sensor fusion

• Safety & security

• Artificial intelligence

ELECTRIFICATION

• System integration

• Functional safety

• Cost optimization

CONNECTIVITY

• V2X

• Cloud computing

• Media streaming

• Over-The-Air

ADAS / AD 9

System, Trends, and Challenges

$330

$810

$1,243

Average Vision Radar Fusion Other ADASLevel 2-3

ADASLevel 4-5

Silicon Content ($)

Source: Strategy Analytics

System

• ADAS: Camera, Radar, and LiDAR coupled with V2X, Telematics, and GNSS

• AD: Higher level of autonomy and controllability

Trends

• ADAS value per vehicle will grow from $160 to $512

• Silicon content will grow with automation level

Challenges

• Higher level of integration

• Centralized decision making

• Safety pushed to the next level “Fail-Operational”

• Improved reaction time

• Security becomes a top safety priority

Electrification 10

System, Trends, and Challenges

EV Project Sales

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance

System• Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV):

engine plus motor (small motor/battery)

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV):

HEV plus charger (medium motor/battery)

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV):

PHEV minus engine (large motor/battery)

Trends• EVs will cost same as non-EVs by 2025

EVs sales will surpass non-EVs by 2038

Challenges• Functional integration of multiple

applications

• Higher safety

• Standardization

• Cost improvement

• Modular power architecture

Connectivity 11

Trends and Challenges

Source: Dr. Kirsten Matheus, BMW AG, Automotive Ethernet Congress 2019

Challenges• Higher bandwidth

• Cybersecurity

• SW and HW Standardization

• Data

• Virtualization

• Low latency

• OTA

• Adaptive Autosar / service oriented

Agenda





12

Architecture Evolotion 13

New Car Digital Architecture

Automated

Cars

Digitalization

Electrified

Cars

Connected

Cars

• Introduction of Gateways between traditional

ECUs of associated domain and backbone

• Protocol translation between signal-based and

service oriented domains with inner and cross

domain communications

• Centralization and integration of related SW

functionalities

Functional Consolidation

Domain Controller Architecture 14

ECU ECU

ECU ECU

SwitchECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ETHERNET (SOME /IP)

EC

U

Sw

i tc

h

Domain

Chassis

Domain

Infotainment

Domain

Powertrain

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

Domain

Body

CA

NF

D

CA

NF

D

CA

NF

D

ET

H

OB

D

LTE

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN MOST

FL

EX

RA

Y

Gateway

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

LIN

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU ECU

ECU ECU

Switch

ETHERNET

FLEXRAY

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN

CA

N F

D

OB

D

Central Gateway


Legacy

Current

Upcoming Network

• Centralization and domain fusion

with functional consolidation

• Hierarchical architecture

• High computing platforms with

smart actuators/sensors

• Many-to-1 communication with

Ethernet backbone

• CAN FD, Ethernet 1-10Gb/s

• Increased security and Intrusion

Detection Systems

• OTA everywhere

• Service oriented approach

Future Architectures 15ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN MOST

FL

EX

RA

Y

Gateway

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

LIN

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU ECU

ECU ECU

Switch

ETHERNET

FLEXRAY

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN

CA

N F

D

OB

D

Central Gateway


LegacyCurrent

Upcoming

Future

Future+Zone B

Central

Compute

Platform

Zone A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

CAN FD

Zone CZone D

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

CAN FD

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

CAN FD

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

CAN FD

Central

Compute

Platform

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

S /

A

Future Networks

• High-level of centralization

• Domain independent with central

super computing platform

• Physical distribution and

software-driven

• All-to-some communication

• Ethernet up to 50Gb/s

Agenda





16

Advanced Processing DemandComputing and Safety Requirements 17

Safe Computing MCUSuper Computing MPU

Safety Critical System

(AD and ADAS)

Number Cruncher

Mission Planning

Behaivior Generation

Motion Planning

Probabilistic Algorithms

(Anaylsis Scenario, Make Contxtual

Decision)

Safety Processor

Sensor Processing

Dynamic Actuation

Real Time Date Managment

Deterministic Algorithms

(Initiate safe measure, FailSafe

and Fail-Operational)

Impact on MCU Design 18

Key Influncers

Micro Design &

Architetcure

CAN / ETH Routing & Inspection

Real-Time Performance

Over-The-Air

Virtualization

Safety & Security

Low Power Modes

CAN / ETH Routing &

Inspection Routing performance

Packet inspection

Software overload

New protocols

Real Time Behavior Start-up / power-down

Reaction time

Accelerators

Over The-Air Hardware support

Rollback functionality

External Memory interfaces

Secure boot

Virtualization HW hypervisor

Real-time, determistic

behvior

Safety & Security ASIL-D support

HW self-test

HSM subsytsem

Memory protection

Communication secuirty

Low Power Modes Standby/Stop operations

Smart wakeup unit

1st Automotive MCU

w. real-time Virtualization

ie. Multi Update-able

Applications Platform

(turn-key for DCUs)

Unprecedented

Safe & Secure

Real-time

Performance

STELLAR MCU Family 19

Unique Solution in 28nm eNVM Technology Paradigm

CMOS

28nm FD-SOI

PCM

Embedded NVM

Phase Change Memory

ARM real-time CPU

STELLAR Real-Time

HW Virtualization Architecture built on

only real-time CPU w.

HW virtualization

most powerful

real-time CPU +

STELLAR MCU Family 20

Processing Architecture - Heterogeneous Multiprocessor

• Safe Data Router

• Safe / QM Input/Ouput

Data Processing &

Move for Higher Level

Proc. or Output

• Security Subsystem

1 Gbps Ethernet w. TSN

SENT, PSI5/PSI5-S,

MSC+

Hyperbus / Octal SPI

eMMC

Zipwire

PCIe 3.0In

terf

ace

s

M4 Subsystems Use Cases

CAN-FD, LIN-UART,

FlexRay, SPI, I2C

Lock-Step

Cortex-R52

400MHz

I-/D-Cache

TCM

NEON

Lock-Step

Cortex-R52

400MHz

TCM

I-/D-Cache

RAMPCM

Lock-Step

Cortex-R52

400MHz

I-/D-Cache

TCM

NEON

Lock-Step

Cortex-R52

400MHz

TCM

I-/D-Cache

Split-Lock

Cortex-R52

400MHz

TCM

Cortex-R52

400MHz

TCM

I-/D-Cache

I-/D-Cache

Lock-Step

Cortex-M4

200MHz

RAM

Cortex-M4

200MHz

RAMPCM

Crypto CoreAES/PKA/SHA/TRNG

Lock-Step

AES Crypto

Cortex-M4

200MHz

RAM

Data Move / Processing

data PCM

SAFE NETWORK ON CHIP

DM

As

RAM

Memory

• Up to 20M PCM

• Up to 8.5M RAM

RAMPCM

RAMPCM

...

Core

RAM

...

Timer Modules

GTM4

Ultra Real-time Input / Output (Pre)-Processing Real-time Ultra Performance

...

...

...

12-b

itS

AR

AD

C

16-b

it

SD

AD

C

ADC

DSP

25

0n

s A

na

log

Com

p

SIM

D A

cc.

Security Island

Power

Management

Thank You!

21

Contact

Khaldoun AlbaraziMarket Development Engineer

Automotive Product Division

STMicroelectronics

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Smart Automotive Domain Gateways - STMicroelectronics · 2021. 7. 20. · Automotive Industry...

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