Conference of Isam Shahrour - Smart City for Energy Transition - Pre-COP22
"Smart and Sustainable City": professor Isam Shahrour Seminar at the American University of Science...
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Smart City: Challenges & implementa3on
Professor Isam SHAHROUR
Université Lille1, France
AUST Seminar “Smart City”, Beirut, August 13, 2014
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Smart City Interna3onal overview
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SIEMENS report, 2010
Analysis of the the strategy of 15 ci3es in the world
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2014
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Analysis of 468 Smart City project
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United Kingdom
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Smart City market by 2020 : $408 billion Goal of the UK 10% of this market Smart water market : 7.1 to $12.5 billion
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Stockholm Smart City: Traffic Conges3on (IBM)
City traffic decrease by 18% CO2 emission decrease 14-‐18 %
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Smart City in United States Smart Grid – NEMA Report (2011) NEMA : AssociaLon of electrical and medical imaging equipment manufacturers (US)
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Smart Grid – NEMA Report (2011)
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Novembre 2013
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Private sector : $70 millions Expected ac3vity for the city: $3.8 billion
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China :
$322 billion
August 13, 2014 : 200 Smart City projects
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July 18, 2014
• 100 Smart City projects • Government investment (2015): $ 1.2 billion
India :
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Smart City JAPAN
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Rio de Janeiro Smart City IBM, 2011
Rio Opera3ons Center (control room) • Ini3al focus : floods, soil sliding and emergency • Then considerably extended to: transporta3on, water, weather and energy
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Smart City in Africa
2014
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Combina3on of telecoms growth, rapid urbaniza3on, increasing demand for urban services and Smart City development : Huge perspec3ve for the implementa3on of the Smart Ccity concept in Africa
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Why the smart City ?
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High expansion of the urban popula3on
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High expansion of the urban popula3on
• 55% of the World popula3on (70% in 2050) • Europe ( 75 %) • 95% of the popula3on growth in developing countries
• Metropolis with more than 30 million inhabitants
• Ci3es with perspec3ve exceeding 50 millions
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By 2030 : • Nearly 2 billion of new urban residents • Urban popula3ons of South Asia and Africa
will double • 400,000 km2 will be constructed for urban
use (doubling the world’s built urban area)
Developing countries : center of urban transforma3on
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Ci3es with more than 1 millions inhabitants Concentration in large cities
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Slums issue The slum popula3on: 800 million In 2020 : between 900 and 1,500 million.
Ques3on : Are slums a part of the City ?
Neza-‐Chalco-‐Itza, Mexico City, 4 Million
Maharashtra, India (19 Million) 60% of the City
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The City : • 70% of the world GDP … • 600 metropolis generate 60% of the world GDP • 95% of the popula3on growth in the developing countries
Economic ac3vity
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The City : • 70% of the world energy consump3on • 75% of the electrical consump3on
Energy
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Energy Security supply
Other blackout : • Italy (2003):
$ 55 billions • Indonesia (2005)
$ 100 billions
US Blackout (2003) • 50 Million people • 24 hours for full recovery • Cost: $6 to $10 billion
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Transport
Industry
Buildings
Tokyo (2005)
Mexico (2006)
London (1999)
Shanghai (2007)
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Urban Transport Time lost at rush hour (minutes /hour)
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Air pollu3on
Impact : • 80 % of the greenhouse emission • Kills 2.1 millions / year • Economic cost in Europe (2009) : € 170
billion
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Source: USGCRP (2009)
Greenhouse emission
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Impact of the greenhouse emission Climate change and global hea3ng
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• 1 billion do not have access to drinking water service
• 2.4 billion do not have access to sewage water service
• Leakage : 50% water lost in some ci3es
Water Chalenges
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Natural disasters and City resilience
700 millions of urban inhabitants are subjected to natural disaster risk
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Flood Risk (380 millions inhabitants)
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Major natural disasters ris
Impact (Na3onal
Scale)
Impact (World Scale)
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Popula3on ageing
• Re3rement funding • Health and social care • Customized services
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City
Greenhouse emission Climate Change
Popula3on Expansion (Explosion)
Energy & water consump3on
Traffic conges3on
Air, water & soil pollu3on
Financial & economic Crises
Health & educa3on
Housing
Poverty Slums
Gouvernance par3cipa3on
Society aging
Increase demand for life quality & comfort
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Infrastructure
Housing
Urbaniza3on
Management
(governance)
Sustainable City Env-‐ responsible Social -‐responsible Futur genera3on
Huge Financial and economic crises
Statement : We have to transform our city
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Improve the buildings and infrastructure quality Large investment, takes Lme.. In Europe new buildings represent about 1% of the buildings stock annually
Two strategies
Improve the infrastructure management (Digital technology) Low investment, rapid implementaLon
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Digital Revolu3on • Social network • Mobile • Internet of things
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Smart Sensors and actuators
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Smart Technology Smart governance
SMART CITY
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Health, Educa3on Art, Culture
More data
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Smart city technology allows
• Real-‐3me monitoring (Urban systems as well as other urban related data) • Rapid ac3on in the case of abnormal event (leakage, contamina3on, overload,..) • Op3mal management of resources • Stakeholders implica3on and par3cipa3on • Development of predic3ve models
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Smart City Implementa3on
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Different scales of implementa3on
City
Campus
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Step 1: Establish the need and strategy • Understand the need and the challenges of the
city (urban system) and how the SC concept could respond to these challenges.
• Based on the diagnos3c, establish a mul3-‐phase strategy with milestones
• Establish a government model for the smart city
The Smart City implementa3on journey
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Step 2 : Data collec3on • Data concerning the physical urban
infrastructures (Geographic Informa3on System GIS)
• Smart Monitoring of urban infrastructures (smart sensors and actuators)
• Data concerning the urban environment as well as urban usages
The Smart City implementa3on journey
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Step 3 : Communica3on Build real 3me bi-‐direc3onal communica3on network with urban system as well as with the city stakeholders : • Combining wired and contactless technology, • Heterogeneous sensors and protocols, • Reliability, Cyber security, • Energy saving
The Smart City implementa3on journey
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Step 4 : Data analysis • Technology and sogware to store and analyse
huge amount of data (Big Data) (real-‐3me) • Develop predic3on model based on the historical
and geo-‐localized data
The Smart City implementa3on journey
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Step 5 : Protocols Establish protocols for
• Op3mal management, • Crisis management, • Implica3on of stakeholders • New services (business)
The Smart City implementa3on journey
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Strategy for policy-‐makers • Use the data, analy3cs,… to establish urban
development and investment strategy • Innovate in the socio-‐economic model (taxes,
private-‐public partnerships, social aid,…-‐
The Smart City implementa3on journey
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• Improvement • Extension • New services
The Smart City implementa3on journey Itera3ve procedure:
Implementa3on
Tes3ng
Stakeholders back-‐field and demand
Usage
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Pilot project : large scale experimenta3on
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Demonstrator Large scale
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SunRise pilot Project Smart Urban Network Demonstrator
for Sustainable city
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Innova3on centers and Clusters • Pole Ubiquitaire • CITC –EURARFID • PRN
Local government • AMGVF • Lille Metroplis • Region • ArtoisComm
Interna3onal: • W-‐Smart (Int. Ass. for
water Security) • New York University • Netherland • Great Britain Bretagne • Spain
Private and public operators • Dalkia • Eaux du Nord (Suez) • Eau de Paris • ERDF • Lille Métropole Habitat
Research Laboratories: • Engineering • Informa3on technology • Social Science
Educa3on : • Master programs • PhD programs
Starts-‐ups : Stereograph, Noolioc, Inodesign, Calmwater, Planete oui, Ixsane, Projex,
Public and private partners:
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Small town: • 110 Hectares • 250 000 users • 70 km of Urban Network
• 140 Buildings (320 000 m2 )
Scien3fic Campus (Lille1 University)
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Living and social ac3vity
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C1 : Teaching (1966) Polytech’Lille Teaching and research
(2000)
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Data collec3on : GIS Model (network and buildings)
70 km of networks • Water • District Hea3ng • Gas • Electrical ( HV, LV) • Public light
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Global approach Coupling primary and secondary networks
Buidings Urban network
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Communica3on : • Op3cal (wired) • Contactless
SunRise -‐ Plateform Informa3on System
• Asset data (SIG) • Monotoring data
3D graphic tools Analy3cal tools
Communica3on web Servor
• Users • Technical team
Governance team • Public data
Monitoring: • Leakage • Quality
Leakage Quality Sensors • Flow • Pressure
Sensors • Chlorine, • Conduc3vity, • pH, • Turbidity • temperature, • +
Organiza3on
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Water
-‐ Leakage -‐ Quality -‐ Water/Energy
• Commun Laboratory (CEA, W-‐Smart, KWR)
• Industrial Chair • European Project:
SmartWater4Europe (GB, Netherland, Spain)
• 2 major projects : Paris Water, North Water, W-‐Smart, CEA, KWR,…
Energy
-‐ Op3mal management -‐ Security -‐ Renewable Energy
• Dalkia : District hea3ng • LMH : Social housing • Eiffage : Electrical Grid
Informa3on system and sotware tools
Start-‐Ups : Stereograph, Noolioc, Madetech, Effigenie, E3neo, Calm-‐water
Smart Urban networks Demonstrator (SunRise)
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Project Implementa3on
(Water Example) Smart Water Network
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I) Leakage : smart consump3on meterin
!Cité!Scien*fique!(5)!!!
4!Cantons!
ECL!!
M5!
Bachelard!• Meshed network • 16 km • 77 ARM • 145 Buildings
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Objec3ves of the smart water network
1) Improve the management of the water system • Assets management • Leakage detec3on • Early contamina3on detec3on • User awareness • Energy saving 2) Academic • Research, innova3on • Educa3onal plakorm • alrac3veness
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3) Research and innova3on ins3tu3ons • Lille1 University • CEA-‐LIST (French Atomic Agency) • KWR (Netherland)
1) W-‐Smart (Interna3onal associa3on of ci3es and water operators for water security)
2) Water companies : • Eaux du Nord (Suez Environment) • Eaux de Paris • Vitens (Netherland) • Thames (GB) • Acciona (Spain)
Partners of the smart water network
4) SMEs : • Calmwater • CITC-‐Innova3on Center • Stereograph
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TWUL Demo site London
Smart Caceres Caceres
VIP Leeuwarden
Sunrise Demo site Lille
ü Project Budget: 12M€ ü EU funding: FP7 INNO DEMO ü Project dura3on: 4 year ü Project Management: Vitens N.V.
ü 12 innova3ve SMEs ü 3 water u3li3es ü 3 research ins3tutes ü 1 company ü 2 plauorm organiza3ons
European Project SmartWater4Europe
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Water Consump3on by sector
!
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!Cité!Scien*fique!(5)!!!
4!Cantons!
ECL!!
M5!
Bachelard!Chemistry Sector
Biology Sector
Smart metering
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EPANET Numerical Modeling
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Intellisonde Optiqua EventLab:
Bio-‐contamina3on monitoring Innova3ve sensors
S::Scan
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SunRise – Distric hea3ng
• Analysis of the energy system of the campus : consump3on, resources and distribu3on.
• Building consump3on profile • Adapta3on of energy produc3on to energy demand • Integra3on of mul3-‐energy sources
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Smart Grid – District heating (20 km)
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District Hea3ng network
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Building P1
Real Time monitoring : Energy heat consump3on
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43 %
61 %
EUDIL G
C1, C3 ,C4
IUT
M1
SN1,2,3 P5
P1 + cul
EUDIL G
IUT
M1
P1
P5 C1
SN
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Originality of the SunRise Project
• One Owner of the Campus • Strong mul3disciplinary academic ac3vity • Strong private and public partnership • Large renova3on projects (buildings and infrastructures) • Mul3 urban networks (Energy, water,…) • Interac3on buildings and urban networks • Interac3on with end-‐users
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Energy : • Over all Comprehensive Energy analysis -‐renewable energy sources (ERDF)
• Smart Grid District Hea3ng (instrumenta3on, sotware, exper3se, ..) (DALKIA)
• Smart Grid -‐ Electrical Network (ERDF, Eiffage Energy) • Smart Building (new construc3on, rehabilita3on) (LMH, Projex)
water: • Smart Grid drinking water net : Instrumenta3on, sotware development,..
• Smart Grid for sewage network
Under progress:
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SunRise Community : • Faculty members • Technical staff, • PhD and Master degree students
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Le point septembre 2013
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LA TRIBUNE VENDREDI 25 OCTOBRE 2013
TERRITOIRES / FRANCE16
GENEVIÈVE HERMANN, À LILLE
L’expérimentation en cours à la Cité scien-tifique de Villeneuve-d’Ascq constitue pour B r u n o N g u y e n ,
directeur des relations internatio-nales et de la sûreté d’Eau de Paris, « un cas d’école sur la manière dont les opérateurs optimiseront demain la gestion des réseaux urbains, qu’il s’agisse de distribution d’eau, de chauffage ou d’électricité ». Portée par le projet de recherche Sunrise (« lever de soleil »), la transforma-tion de ce site de 110 hectares en smart city serait unique en France, si l’on en croit ses promoteurs. Le seul à traiter de multiréseaux en grandeur réelle. Une application concrète du déploiement de l’Inter-net de l’énergie que recommande l’économiste américain Jeremy Rifkin, l’auteur de La Troisième Révolution industrielle (éd. Les liens qui libèrent), dans sa feuille de route engageant le Nord-Pas-de-Calais vers une transition énergé-tique fondée sur les énergies renou-velables et la communication en réseaux dématérialisés.
Avec ses 23"000 usagers, ses 140 bâtiments et ses 70 km de réseaux urbains, le campus de l’uni-versité Lille 1 a tout d’une petite ville. C’est l’avantage. Le projet s’y construit brique par brique. Il se penche d’abord sur la question de la distribution d’eau, avant de s’at-taquer au chauffage urbain, aux logements, puis aux consomma-tions d’électricité et à l’optimisation de la gestion des systèmes d’assai-nissement. « Nous avons également
en perspective de travailler sur les transports et la mobilité », précise Isam Shahrour, directeur du labo-ratoire Génie Civil et géo-environ-nement (LGCgE) de Lille 1, à l’ori-gine du projet Sunrise.
ÉVALUER LA CONSOMMATION D’ÉNERGIE EN TEMPS RÉELSur l’eau, Sunrise profite du parte-
nariat de GDF Suez via ses filiales Eau de Paris et Eaux du Nord. Dal-kia apporte son savoir-faire en matière de gestion de chauffage urbain. Le bailleur LMH (Lille Métropole Habitat) travaille avec le LGCgE sur la conception d’un boî-tier « intelligent » capable d’analyser un tas de mesures comme la tempé-rature ambiante, les consomma-
tions énergétiques, le taux d’humi-dité et le taux de pénétration de l’air. Le fournisseur d’électricité renou-velable Planet Oui est également de la partie, ainsi que le Centre d’Inno-vation des Technologies sans Contact (CITC) – EuraRFID, par-tenaire de la première heure en tant qu’expert des technologies sans-contact et de l’Internet des objets.
Les premières expérimentations sur le terrain ont démarré deux ans et demi seulement après le lance-ment du projet de recherche. C’est très rapide. Mais comme l’univer-sité gère elle-même son réseau d’eau, ça facilite les choses. « On évite ainsi les lourdeurs administra-tives », précise Bruno Nguyen. D’ici à quelques mois, les 77 compteurs
d’eau installés sur le campus seront tous équipés d’un système de relève à distance qui leur permettra de transmettre en temps réel les consommations à un système de gestion centralisée. Cette télérelève servira en premier lieu à identifier les fuites d’eau. Viendront ensuite bien d’autres applications. Mettre en place un contrôle des douches chaudes, savoir combien coûte le lavage d’une terrasse, envoyer une alarme en cas de consommation inhabituelle dans un laboratoire, etc. Les idées ne manquent pas. « Impossible de les imaginer toutes. C’est du terrain qu’elles émaneront. Grâce à Sunrise, nous pourrons remonter les demandes des usagers et répondre aux problèmes concrets de mise en œuvre. D’où l’intérêt d’un tel projet », explique Jean-Marc Charlemagne, directeur de l’eau aux Eaux du Nord.
Une dizaine de thésards et une quinzaine de chercheurs post- doctorants travaillent déjà sur cette ébauche de smart city. Beaucoup planchent sur la conception de modèles mathématiques qui per-mettront de prévoir les actions à mener en vue de réduire les consommations énergétiques selon l’état de la météo, l’affluence des salles, l’usage des résidences, l’his-torique des dépenses, le profil des
usagers et biens d’autres critères non encore identifiés. Ils s’appuient pour démarrer sur l’historique des factures d’eau gérées par les ser-vices généraux de l’université.
Sunrise est un des quatre démons-trateurs du projet européen (FP7) SmartWater4Europe et le seul fran-çais au côté de Vitens, le principal distributeur d’eau potable des Pays-Bas, de l’espagnol Acciona et du britannique Thames Water. Il béné-ficie de l’expertise d’Ilan Juran, spécialiste de l’ingénierie des infrastructures urbaines et profes-seur émérite à l’Institut Polytech-nique de New York en charge de la chaire industrielle Réseaux urbains intelligents – Eau, financée par Lille 1, le CITC – EuraRFID et Eaux du Nord.
Outre un surcroît de visibilité pour le projet Sunrise, cette chaire a également permis la création d’un Master International « Ingénierie urbaine et Habitat » en collabora-tion avec l’École des Mines de Douai et l’École nationale supé-rieure d’architecture et du paysage de Lille. Tout est donc réuni pour faire de Lille un site pilote interna-tional de ce que sera demain la « ville intelligente ». De quoi fournir aux adeptes des concepts de Jeremy Rifkin un cas concret avec retours d’expérience. �
Jeremy Rifkin, le chantre de la « troisième révolution industrielle », rend vendredi 25 octobre la feuille de route commandée par la région pour engager le Nord-Pas-de-Calais vers la transition énergétique. Le projet, qui vise à transformer le campus universitaire de Lille en petite ville intelligente, pourrait faire figure de cas d’école.
À Lille, Jeremy Rifkin transforme le campus en « ville intelligente »
LA BONNE OPÉRATION
Ci-contre, une vue aérienne de la Cité scientifique de Villeneuve-d’Ascq et, ci-dessus, la représentation virtuelle de ses réseaux urbains d’eau, de chauffage et d’électricité. [DR]
-!60!% de consommation d’énergie en 2050Si les préconisations dévoilées vendredi 25 octobre par Jeremy Rifkin en clôture de la 7e édition du World Forum Lille sont mises en œuvre, le Nord–Pas-de-Calais aura réduit, en 2050, de 60#% sa consommation énergétique et divisé par quatre ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre. La région aura investi massivement dans les énergies renouvelables et lancé un programme de rénovation urbaine baptisé Zen-e-Ville. Ce territoire couvrira alors 100#% de ses besoins énergétiques.Le plan de l’économiste américain reprend les
cinq piliers de sa vision futuriste de la transi-tion énergétique avec, en plus des énergies renouvelables et des bâtiments producteurs d’énergie, le stockage de l’énergie, les réseaux intelligents et les transports non polluants. En se payant (350#000 euros) les services du chantre de la « troisième révolution indus-trielle », le territoire part sur des objectifs ambitieux et se place surtout sous les feux de la rampe sur la scène internationale. De son côté, Jeremy Rifkin a trouvé un terrain de jeu où expérimenter ses concepts. � G.H.
FOCUS
La Tribune octobre 2013
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!
Alliance Janvier 2014
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Libéra3on Mai 2013
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SunRise Sur BFM Business 28 avril 2013
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TEDx Lille « La nouvelle renaissance », 8 mars 2014
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World Bank, Washington MEDEF Interna3onal delega3on