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UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 5LESSON # 5

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

Daily application of FIQHDaily application of FIQH BAB- BAB- TAHAARAHTAYAMUM – Dry ablution(Exception)TAYAMUM – Dry ablution(Exception)

Updated 8 November 2014

From the previous classes, you would have been familiar with

the methodology of studying fiqh in Islam, especially on the

importance of going back to the basis (dalil).

Therefore in future, my slides/ handouts will not contain

elaborate explanations, but will be brief but with emphasis on

basis (therefore you are to give special attention to practice,

and to memorize) on the explanation and these basis - Qur'an

or Hadith (especially those which I painstakingly provide with –

or without - the transliteration to ease those new converts).


““Difficulty (hardship) must lead Difficulty (hardship) must lead

to Ease (facility)”to Ease (facility)”


Third:

FIVE Fundamental General Principles FIVE Fundamental General Principles ** in Islamic Jurisprudence in Islamic Jurisprudence

** There are further elaborations and There are further elaborations and branches or derived rulings from these five branches or derived rulings from these five

– refer USUL FIQH.– refer USUL FIQH.

HOPE WE CAN BETTER HOPE WE CAN BETTER APPRECIATE ISLAMIC APPRECIATE ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE BY JURISPRUDENCE BY

UNDERSTANDING THESE:UNDERSTANDING THESE:

ADDENDUM – USUL FIQH

AL- MA – SHAQ – QA – TAJ – LI – BUT – TAI - SIIR

FROM PREVIOUS LESSON


Tayamum literally means “Tayamum literally means “aim, purposeaim, purpose”. It ”. It

refers to “refers to “aiming for or seeking soil to wipe aiming for or seeking soil to wipe

one’s face and hands with the intention of one’s face and hands with the intention of

preparing oneself to pray, and so onpreparing oneself to pray, and so on.” –.” –

((Sayid Sabiq)Sayid Sabiq)

DRY ABLUTION USING DUST/SAND


IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST MOST COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

BASISBASIS



BASISBASIS

“ “ And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes

from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted

women and find no waterwomen and find no water, then seek clean earth and , then seek clean earth and

wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Indeed,

Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.”Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.”

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 43Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 43))


BASISBASIS



BASISBASIS

““The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. said: “All of the earth The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. said: “All of the earth

has been made for me and my ummah (community) a has been made for me and my ummah (community) a

place of prostration (masjidan) and as (means of) place of prostration (masjidan) and as (means of)

purification. Whenever a person from my ummah wants purification. Whenever a person from my ummah wants

to pray (when water is unavailable) he has something to pray (when water is unavailable) he has something

with which to purify himself (that is, the earth).”with which to purify himself (that is, the earth).”

((Hadith reported by AhmadHadith reported by Ahmad))


1. WHEN ONE CANNOT FIND WATER OR THE AMOUNT IS INSUFFICIENT FOR ABLUTION

Imran ibn Hussain r.a. narrated,


1. WHEN ONE CANNOT FIND WATER OR THE AMOUNT IS INSUFFICIENT FOR ABLUTION

““We were with the Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. during We were with the Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. during

a journey. When he led the people in prayer, one man a journey. When he led the people in prayer, one man

stayed apart. He asked him, “What prevented you from stayed apart. He asked him, “What prevented you from

praying?” He said, “I am in janabah and there is no praying?” He said, “I am in janabah and there is no

water.” He said, “Use the soil, for it is sufficient.”water.” He said, “Use the soil, for it is sufficient.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary & MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim))

Imran ibn Hussain r.a. narrated,


Jabir r.a. narrated,

2. WHEN ONE IS INJURED OR ILL



“We were on a journey and one of us was injured. Later,

he had a wet dream (thus in janabah). He asked his

companions, “Can I perform tayamum?” They said, “No,

not if you have water.”

He performed ghusl’ and died. …


(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Daraquthni & Ibn as-Sakin)



… When they came to the Messenger of Allah s.a.w., they

informed him concerning what had happened. He said, “They

killed him, Allah will kill them. Do you not ask if you do not

know?! The remedy for ignorance is to ask question! He could

have performed tayamum and prevent water from his wound or

wrapped it with something and wiped over the wrapping, and

washed the rest of his body.”


(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Daraquthni & Ibn as-Sakin)


‘Amr ibn al-As r.a. narrated that he was participating in an

expedition. He had a wet dream in an extremely cold night,

and was afraid that if he performed ghusl’, he would die. He

prayed the morning prayer with his companions. He then

went to the Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. to ask about this.

The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. said:

3. IF WATER IS TOO COLD TO PHYSICALLY HARM THE USER

(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Hakim, Daraqutni & Ibn Hibban)



“O ‘Amr! Did you pray with the companions while you needed a

ghusl’” ‘Amr mentioned the verse, “Do not kill yourselves, Allah is

Merciful to you. (An Nisa:29)” to the messenger of Allah s.a.a. w.

He just laughed and didn’t say anything.

‘Amr ibn al-As r.a. narrated that he was participating in an expedition.

He had a wet dream in an extremely cold night, and was afraid that if

he performed ghusl’, he would die. He prayed the morning prayer with

his companions. He then went to the Messenger of Allah s.a.w. to ask

about this. The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. said:



4. WHEN WATER, ALTHOUGH IT IS NEARBY, BUT ONE DOES NOT WANT TO FETCH IT DUE TO FEAR

If one fears for one’s life, family, wealth (for If one fears for one’s life, family, wealth (for

example if an enemy is nearby or one is a example if an enemy is nearby or one is a

prisoner, or fear of wild animals, etc). prisoner, or fear of wild animals, etc).

Also in cases where although there is water but Also in cases where although there is water but

one does not have the proper means to get it, or if one does not have the proper means to get it, or if

one fears of being accused for using it.one fears of being accused for using it.


5. IF ONE IS SAVING HIS WATER FOR LATER USE

The companion ‘Ali r.a. said that a man who The companion ‘Ali r.a. said that a man who

is travelling and becomes unclean because of is travelling and becomes unclean because of

sex or wet dream, can perform tayamum if he sex or wet dream, can perform tayamum if he

fears he will go thirsty: “He should perform fears he will go thirsty: “He should perform

tayamum and not Ghusl’”tayamum and not Ghusl’”

((Hadith reported by DaraqutniHadith reported by Daraqutni))

This could be for use in cooking, making dough, removing This could be for use in cooking, making dough, removing

impurities or even for giving drink to his dogs.impurities or even for giving drink to his dogs.


6. ONE CAN GET WATER, BUT FEARS THAT PRAYER WILL BE OVER BY THE TIME HE GETS IT

“ “ set up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined on set up regular prayers: for such prayers are enjoined on

believers at stated times.” believers at stated times.”

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4:103))


““Perform tayamum with pure soil.” Q:4:43Perform tayamum with pure soil.” Q:4:43

Scholars of Arabic agreed that “Swa’iid” meaning

“soil” is whatever covers the earth, dirt or otherwise.

Thus it can be sand, stone, gypsum, etc. that is pure

(not impurities).


Basically it involves:

Every attempt to seek water must be done first, to

determine immediate permissibility of tayamum;

Intention;

Reciting basmalah;

Strike hands over the soil or any surface where

clean dust exist ;

With it, wipe the face and hands up to

wrists/elbows


‘Ammar r.a. related,


“We became sexually impure (junub), and had no

water, so we rolled in the dirt and prayed. This was

mentioned to the Prophet s.a.a.w. and he said, “This

would have been enough for you” and he struck the

earth with his hands, blew them and then wiped his

face and hands with them.”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)



““It would have been enough for you to It would have been enough for you to

strike the ground with your hands and strike the ground with your hands and

blow into them, then wipe your face and blow into them, then wipe your face and

hands up to the elbows.”hands up to the elbows.”

((Hadith reported by DaraquthniHadith reported by Daraquthni))

In another text he said:In another text he said:



Whatever nullifies WUDHU’ viz.Whatever nullifies WUDHU’ viz. Excretion from the penis, vagina or

anus; Losing consciousness; Touching the sexual organs without

barrier with the palm of the hand; In contact with person of the

opposite gender (whose relationship to you is within the

marriageable degree);

When water becomes available;

When the impediments which prevented use of water has been

removed;

Murtad (i.e. apostasy; renouncement; withdraw; desertion; apostasy; renouncement; withdraw; desertion;

renegade - from being a Muslim)renegade - from being a Muslim)

““Whatever is permitted because of a Whatever is permitted because of a DwDwarura is limited to arura is limited to the extent of existence of that the extent of existence of that DwDwarura (as impediment)”arura (as impediment)”


Further elaborationregarding issue of

‘MASHAQQAH’

FIVE Fundamental General Principles FIVE Fundamental General Principles ** in Islamic Jurisprudence in Islamic Jurisprudence

** There are further elaborations and There are further elaborations and branches or derived rulings from these five branches or derived rulings from these five

– refer USUL FIQH.– refer USUL FIQH.

HOPE WE CAN BETTER HOPE WE CAN BETTER APPRECIATE ISLAMIC APPRECIATE ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE BY JURISPRUDENCE BY

UNDERSTANDING THESE:UNDERSTANDING THESE:

ADDENDUM – USUL FIQH

MAA – UBEE – HA - LID- DWA-RUU-RA – TU-QAD-DI-RAN – BI – QA-DA-RI-HA


Abu Sa’ed al-Khudri r.a. said:


“Two men went on a journey. The time for prayer (Swolah) came

and, as there was no water, they performed Tayamum (dry

ablution).

Then they continued and later came upon water, while still within Then they continued and later came upon water, while still within

the time of the prayer. So, the time of the prayer. So, one of them took ablution and re-one of them took ablution and re-

performedperformed the (same) prayer ( the (same) prayer (SwolahSwolah), ), while the other man did while the other man did

not.not.

When they met the Messenger of Allah s.a.w., they enquired When they met the Messenger of Allah s.a.w., they enquired

from him as to the proper procedure in such a case....from him as to the proper procedure in such a case....



... He (Messenger of Allah s.a.w,) said to the one who did not

repeat the prayer (Swolah), :

“You have acted (correctly) according to the Sunnah and your

prayer is sufficient for you.”

He then turned to the other man and said: “He then turned to the other man and said: “You will get double You will get double

the reward.the reward.””

((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud and Nasa-’ieHadith reported by Abu Dawud and Nasa-’ie))


“ “ Allah intends for you ease and does not intend Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship”for you hardship”

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 185Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 185) )

“ Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you”(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 6)


“ Allah does not burden any human being with more than he is well able to bear”

(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 286)

“ Verily you are sent to facilitate ease, you are not sent to cause difficulty ”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim)


A’ishah r.a. related that she borrowed some jewelry from ‘Asma and A’ishah r.a. related that she borrowed some jewelry from ‘Asma and

it broke (and fell). The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. sent some people it broke (and fell). The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. sent some people

to search for it. The prayer time came and they had to pray without to search for it. The prayer time came and they had to pray without

ablution. When they came to the prophet s.a.a.w., they complained ablution. When they came to the prophet s.a.a.w., they complained

to him and the verses of tayamum were revealed. to him and the verses of tayamum were revealed.

‘‘Usaid ibn Hudhair r.a. said, “May Allah give you good recompense, Usaid ibn Hudhair r.a. said, “May Allah give you good recompense,

Allah never reveals an order with respect to you except that He Allah never reveals an order with respect to you except that He

removes by it some hardship and gives the Muslims some benefit!”removes by it some hardship and gives the Muslims some benefit!”

((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim))

So whoever cannot get water or soil may pray in whatever state that he is So whoever cannot get water or soil may pray in whatever state that he is

in, and he will not have to repeat his prayer later.in, and he will not have to repeat his prayer later.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))WALLAAHU A’LAM WA AHKAM

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