The Relationship Between Periodontal Disease And Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants

KAMARUDIN RIZAL030.07.131 

Recent advances in identifying the

characteristics of periodontal pathogens, as a potential mechanism

of action of systemic bacterial products and inflammatory

cytokines, has opened the way a more realistic assessment

of the importance of the systemic periodontal dissease.

Epidemiological and microbiological research has provided

confidence in periondotal disease that can be a separate risk factor

for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, as

well as the birth of premature low birth weight.

PERIODONTAL DISSEASE

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria. Even in healthy mouths,

the sulcus is teeming with bacteria, but they tend to be

harmless varieties.

SYMPTOMS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Symptoms of periodontal disease include :

-red and swollen gums-persistent bad breath-gum recession -loose teeth

PREVENT PERIODONTAL DISEASE

• Brush twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste (be sure to replace toothbrushes every 1 - 3 months).

• Clean between the teeth with floss or an interdental cleaner.

• Eat a well-balanced diet and limit between meal snacks.

• Have regular visits with a dentist for teeth cleaning and oral examinations.

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS?• infants with birth weight less than 2,500

kg• when compared with babies born with

normal weight, PLBW baby 40 times more susceptible to death during labor.Baby PLBW represents about 10% of all live births in North America and the cost of medical care for premature babies is estimated at more than 5 million $ per year.

• PLBW babies who survive birth in the period will face a higher risk of experiencing neurological problems and health problems

RISK FACTORS

Known risk factors can lead to premature babies with low birth weight such as:

• maternal age (> 37 years) • maternal age is too young (<17 years) • African-American race,• lower socioeconomic status,• inadequate care during pregnancy,• medication drugs,• alcohol and smoking habits,• hypertension,• genitourinary tract infections,• diabetes mellitus and multiple pregnancies.• Smoking habits during pregnancy can result in 20% to 30% of LBW

and 10% resulted in fetal death and infant mortality. Have not found a close relationship between the effects of caffeine on LBW or preterm birth.

Periodontal As A Reservoir of Inflammatory Mediators

• Sitikon proinflammatory IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha stimulated PGE synthesis by human placenta and korioamnion.

• levels in amniotic fluid sitikon often increased in women who have babies PLBW.

• Sitikon can pass through human fetal membranes and can be stated that the high concentration sitikon triggered by a network that has a chronic periodontitis, in addition to high levels in the plasma of patients with periodontitis may affect the fetus and cause the baby PLBW.

Explanation Regarding the relationship between periodontal disease by the occurrence of non Casual Infant Low Birth Weight Premature inflammatory mediators play an important role in periodontal disease, but inflammatory mediators are also required to initiate the delivery process so that there is a biological mechanism linking periodontal disease to the baby PLBW.

However, the relationship between periodontal disease with baby PLBW investigated through a number of research and described through this paper does not assert on direct casual relationship.

CONCLUSION 

Although various efforts have been made to reduce the adverse effects of risks through preventive measures during pregnancy, but the rates of child PLBW has decreased over the past two decades. About 25% of cases are PLBW children with risk factors that are unknown, so this sort of thing still require further research to find other possible causative factors.

Overall it can be stated that all research is summarized by this paper revealed that chronic periodontal infection that acts as a reservoir of bacterial products such as LPS or act as a reservoir of a number of inflammatory mediators or serve at once both the role it plays an important role PLBW the baby. However, prospective studies with more samples, or even a permanent intervention studies will be needed before actually expressed as a factor causing the baby PLBW.

 REFERENCES  

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6. Willams CE, Davenport ES, Steme JA, et. al. Mechanisms of risk in preterm low birth weight infants. Periodontol 2000; 23: 142-50. Review.

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