Slide 1© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Why go digital?

• Digital signal processing techniques are now so powerful that sometimes it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, for analogue signal processing to achieve similar performance.

• Examples:– FIR filter with linear phase.

– Adaptive filters.

Slide 2© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Why go digital?

• Analogue signal processing is achieved by using analogue components such as:

– Resistors.

– Capacitors.

– Inductors.

• The inherent tolerances associated with these components, temperature, voltage changes and mechanical vibrations can dramatically affect the effectiveness of the analogue circuitry.

Slide 3© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Why go digital?

• With DSP it is easy to:– Change applications.

– Correct applications.

– Update applications.

• Additionally DSP reduces:– Noise susceptibility.

– Chip count.

– Development time.

– Cost.

– Power consumption.

Slide 4© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Why NOT go digital?

• High frequency signals cannot be processed digitally because of two reasons:

– Analog to Digital Converters, ADC cannot work fast enough.

– The application can be too complex to be performed in real-time.

Slide 5© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

• DSP processors have to perform tasks in real-time, so how do we define real-time?

• The definition of real-time depends on the application.

• Example: a 100-tap FIR filter is performed in real-time if the DSP can perform and complete the following operation between two samples:

Real-time processing

99

0k

knxkany

Slide 6© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

• We can say that we have a real-time application if:

– Waiting Time 0

Real-time processing

Processing TimeWaiting Time

Sample Timen n+1

Slide 7© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

• Why not use a General Purpose Processor (GPP) such as a Pentium instead of a DSP?

– What is the power consumption of a Pentium and a DSP processor?

– What is the cost of a Pentium and a DSP processor?

Why do we need DSP’s?

Slide 8© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

• Use a DSP processor when the following are required:

– Cost saving.

– Smaller size.

– Low power consumption.

– Processing of many “high” frequency signals in real-time.

• Use a GPP processor when the following are required:

– Large memory.

– Advanced operating systems.

Why do we need DSP processors?

Slide 9© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

What Problem Are We Trying To Solve?

Digital sampling of an analog signal:

A

t

Most DSP algorithms can be expressed with MAC:

count

i = 1Y = coeffi * xi

for (i = 0; i < count; i++){ sum += c[i] * x[i]; }

DACx Y

ADC DSP

Slide 10© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Typical DSP algorithms

Algorithm Equation

Finite Impulse Response Filter

M

kk knxany

0

)()(

Infinite Impulse Response Filter

N

kk

M

kk knybknxany

10

)()()(

Convolution

N

k

knhkxny0

)()()(

Discrete Fourier Transform

1

0

])/2(exp[)()(N

n

nkNjnxkX

Discrete Cosine Transform

1

0

122

cos).().(N

x

xuN

xfucuF

• The Sum of Products (SOP) is the key element in most DSP algorithms

• DSP’s are optimized to perform multiplication and addition operations.

• Multiplication and addition are done in hardware and in one cycle.

Slide 11© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Sum of Products – Flow Chart

No

Y

Requirements:•Fast Multiply and Accumulate

(MAC)

•Pointer Update Mechanism

•Loop Counter

•Conditional Branch

x[0]x[1]

x[i]x[i+1]

x[N-2]x[N-1]

a[0]a[1]

a[i]a[i+1]

a[N-2]a[N-1]

Acc

Yesi≥0?

MPY

i=i-1

Add

Initial Conditions:•*x points to x[0]

•*a points to a[0]

•Loop Counter = N-1

•S=0

Slide 12© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Floating vs. Fixed point processors

• Applications which require:– High precision.

– Wide dynamic range.

– High signal-to-noise ratio.

– Ease of use.

Need a floating point processor.

• Drawback of floating point processors:– Higher power consumption.

– Can be more expensive.

– Can be slower than fixed-point counterparts and larger in size.

Slide 13© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Floating vs. Fixed point processors

• It is the application that dictates which device and platform to use in order to achieve optimum performance at a low cost.

• For educational purposes, use the floating-point device (C6748) as it can support both fixed and floating point operations.

Slide 14© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials 14

MPUs – Microprocessors

TI Embedded Processing Portfolio

32-bit ARMCortex™-M3

MCUs

16-bit ultra-low power

MCUs

DSPDSP+ARM

ARM Cortex-A8

MPUs

Stellaris®ARM® Cortex™-M3

MSP430™ Sitara™

ARM® Cortex™-A8& ARM9

C6000™

DaVinci™

video processors

Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)Microcontrollers (MCUs) ARM®-Based Processors

Integra™

Software & Dev. Tools

Up to 100 MHz

Flash8 KB to 256 KB

USB, ENET MAC+PHY CAN, ADC, PWM, SPI

Connectivity, Security,Motion Control, HMI,Industrial Automation

$1.00 to $8.00

300MHz to >1GHz

Cache, RAM, ROM

USB, CAN,PCIe, EMAC

Industrial computing, POS & portable

data terminals$5.00 to $20.00

Up to 25 MHz

Flash1 KB to 256 KB

Analog I/O, ADCLCD, USB, RF

Measurement,Sensing, General

Purpose

$0.25 to $9.00

300MHz to >1Ghz +Accelerator

Cache RAM, ROM

USB, ENET, PCIe, SATA, SPI

Floating/Fixed PointVideo, Audio, Voice,

Security, Conferencing $5.00 to $200.00

32-bit real-time

MCUs

C2000™

Delfino™

Piccolo™

40MHz to 300 MHz

Flash, RAM16 KB to 512 KB

PWM, ADC, CAN, SPI, I2CMotor Control, Digital Power,

Lighting, Ren. Enrgy

$1.50 to $20.00

Ultra Low power

DSP

C5000™

Up to 300 MHz+Accelerator

Up to 320KB RAMUp to 128KB ROM

USB, ADC McBSP, SPI, I2C

Audio, Voice

Medical, Biometrics

$3.00 to $10.00

Multi-coreDSP

C6000™

24.000 MMACS

Cache RAM, ROM

SRIO, EMACDMA, PCIe

Telecom test & meas, media gateways,

base stations$40 to $200.00

Slide 15© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials15

DSP/ARM + VideoDSP DSP + ARM

TI C6000 Processor Portfolio

C645xC641xC674xC642xC672xC671x

C6L138/OMAP-L138C6L137/OMAP-L137 DM6467/T

OMAP3530/25DM644xDM3xxDM643xDM64xPe

rfor

man

ce

DSP with focus on intensive

Signal Processing

DSP with integrated Controller/Host Processing

Video and Imaging

Processors

• Power-efficient fixed/floating pt DSP devices; 38mW to 467mW

• High-performance DSP devices; up to 8000 MMAC @ 1GHz

• Excels at communications, industrial, military, medical, T&M and audio processing

• Low power (38mW standby; <520mW typical active) fixed and floating point DSP with ARM core• Ideal for industrial, audio and communications apps

• High performance multi-format video up to 1080p

• Ideal for Video, Imaging and Vision applications

Featured Product

Slide 16© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

• Ease of programming shortens development time by weeks or months resulting in reduced time to market

• Energy efficient DSP devices as low as 38mW standby, 467mW active power consumption

• Floating point instructions for applications that require high precision, wide dynamic range

• Connectivity peripherals for BOM cost reduction, including Ethernet MAC, UPP, SATA, USB, VPIF, etc.

• Code compatibility across full line of C6000 DSPs – C64x, C64x+, C67x and C674x DSPs

• Industrial/automotive temp support from -40 to 125 deg C

Design considerations: Applications such as:

TI’s C6000 DSP processors applications

• Medical imaging• Test and measurement• Military• Audio • Communications• Industrial

Slide 17© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials17 17

The C674x™ - floating/fixed point core

• Native instructions for IEEE 754, SP & DP

• Advanced VLIW architecture

• 2X registers

• Enhanced floating point add capabilities

• Audio-specific and mixed precision instructions

• Advanced fixed point instructions

• Four 16-bit or eight 8-bit MACs

• Two-level cache

• SPLOOP and 16bit Instructions for smaller code size

• Flexible level one memory architecture

• IDMA for rapid data transfers b/w local memories

• 100% upward object code compatible with C64x, C64x+, C67x and C67x+

• Best of fixed point and floating point architecture for better system performance and faster time-to- market

C67x C67x+ C64xC64x+C674x

FLOATING POINT VALUE FIXED POINT VALUE

BINARY COMPATIBLE BINARY COMPATIBLE

Slide 18© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

TMS320C674x Processors Industry’s Lowest Power Floating Point DSPs

Example Applications:

• SW Defined Radio• Intelligent Occupancy

Sensors• Bar Code Scanners• Audio Effects

Benefits:

• Unique connectivity options• Fixed- and Floating-pt operations

in single core• High system integration• Lowest power floating-pt DSP

DSP Subsystem

C674x DSP

Core

Switched Central Resource (SCR) / EDMA

Program/Data Storage

I2C(2)

Serial Interfaces

Connectivity

WDTimer

System

PWM(3)SATA*UHPI USB2.0

HS

UART (3)McASPSPI

(2)MMC/SD

(2)

Video IN*

USB 1.1 EMAC

LCD Controller

uPP*

McBSP*AsyncEMIF16-bit

mDDR/ DDR2/

SDRAM16-bit

Peripherals

128KB RAM

Slide 19© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

19

Four new processors offer combinations of peripherals and memory C6746 C6748 OMAP - L138

C674x DSP200 MHz

C674x DSP300 MHz

C674x DSP300 MHz

C674x DSP300 MHz

ARM9300 MHz

C6742

488 KB320 KB128 KB 448 KB

EMACEMAC

MMC/SD

USB 2.0

uPPuPP

USB 1.1

LCD Ctr SATA

EMACEMAC

MMC/SD

USB 2.0

uPPuPP

USB 1.1

SATASATALCD Ctr

EMACEMAC

MMC/SD

USB 2.0

DSPDSP

ARM

MemoryMemory

Key

peripherals

Key

peripherals uPPuPPVideo I/O Video I/O Video I/O

PWMPWM

SPISPI

McASP

UARTUART

I2CI2C

Target

applications

Target

applications

• SDR• Audio conf systems• Portable data term

• Intelligent occupancy sensors

• Bar code scanner

• Power protection systems

• Industrial automation• Barcode scanner

w/GUI• Test & measurement

• Audio effects• Audio mixers

Software & Pin - for - Pin Compatible Across FamilySoftware & Pin - for - Pin Compatible Across Family

$6.70@1Ku / $5.95@10Ku

PRU2 x 150 MHz CPU 2 x 150 MHz CPU 2 x 150 MHz CPU

Slide 20© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

The OMAP-L138 (DSP + ARM9)

ARM926EJ-S

375/456 MHz

Memory Interface

Connectivity

10/100 EMAC

USB 1.1 w/ PHY

USB OTG w/ PHY I2C x2

MMC/SD/SDIO x2

SPI x2

mDDR/DDR2 WDT

McASP UART x3

Serial Interface

SATA

PWM x2

Shared Central Resource (SCR)

8K RAM

16K/16K L1

C674x DSP

375/456 MHz

256KB L2

32K/32K L1

PRU Subsystem

2 PRU

4K + 4K Prog512 + 512 Data

Video/Display Subsystem

LCDControll

er

McBSP x2

eCAP x3

uPP

UHPI

GP x3

Timers

Input x2

Output x2

NAND/Flash/SDRAM(EMIFA)

128KB On-chip Memory

GP

IOs

EDMA

Benefits• Real time signal performance of floating/fixed point DSP• ARM host processor to run high level OS and control • Customizable industrial interfaces through the programmable real

time unit (PRU)• Security-boot enabled for customer software IP protection Sample Applications• Portable Test and • Public Safety & Military Radio Measurement • Power Protection Systems• Portable Medical Instruments

Software and Development Tools• Linux, WinCE, and drivers direct from TI• RTOS (QNX, Green Hills, etc) from partners• Free C6EZ Tools DSP Development software from TI

Power• Total Power <481mW @ 300MHz, 1.2V, 25C• Deep Sleep Power <11mW @ 1.2V, 25C

Schedule and Packaging• Samples: Now; Production: Now• Packaging:

- 16x16mm BGA (0.8mm pitch) - 13x13mm, nFBGA (0.65mm pitch)

• Available in industrial and extended temp

Software and Pin Compatibility• C6748/6/2 and AM1808/6/2

Slide 21© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

The TMS320C6748 (C674x DSP core)

SDR, Bar Code Scanner, Portable Data Terminals, Audio Conferencing, Gaming, Portable Medical

Core & Subsystems• C674x™ Floating/Fixed Point DSP – 375/456 MHz • 2 Programmable Real Time Units (PRU) Subsystem

Memory• DSP: 32KB/32KB L1P/L1D; 256KB L2• Additional On-chip Memory: 128KB SRAM• External: DDR2/mDDR - 300MHz data rate

SDRAM - 100MHz data ratePower

• Total Power <420mW @ 300MHz, 1.2V, 25C• Deep Sleep Power <11mW @ 1.2V, 25C

RTOS Support and Software Development Tools• DPSBIOS and drivers from TI• Free C6EZFLO Graphical DSP Development software tools from TI

Security• Secure ROM boot• 128-bits device specific private key

Schedule and packaging• In Full Production Today; 1Ku price $14.40• Packaging:

- 16x16mm BGA (0.8mm pitch) - 13x13mm, nFBGA (0.65mm pitch)

Software and Pin compatible with OMAP-L138 and AM1808/6/2

Memory Interface

Connectivity

10/100 EMAC

USB 1.1 w/ PHY

USB OTG w/ PHY I2C x2

MMC/SD/SDIO x2

SPI x2

mDDR/DDR2

WDT

McASP UART x3

Serial Interface

Async EMIF

SATA

PWM x2

Shared Central Resource (SCR)

C674x DSP

375/456 MHz

256KB L2

32K/32K L1

PRU Subsystem

2 PRU

4K + 4K Prog512 + 512 Data

Display Subsystem

LCDControll

er

McBSP x2

eCAP x3

uPP

UHPI

GP x3

Timers

Input x2

Output x2

Flash/SDRAM* Available in industrial and extended temp*

128KB On-chip Memory

GPIO

s

EDMA

Slide 22© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials22

Test and

measurement

Sound/Music generationMusicalInstruments & effectsTypical

Applications Audio conferencingGaming

Software Compatible

C674x™ DSP Comparison Matrix

Slide 23© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

C67x

C6000 DSP Family CPU Roadmap

C62x

C64x+

C66x

C674

C67x+

C64x

C671x

C621x

Floating Point

Fixed and Floating Point

Lower power EDMA3 PRU

L1 RAM/Cache Compact Instr’s EDMA3 Video/Imaging

Enhanced EDMA2

Fixed Point

Available on the most recent releases

Slide 24© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Flexible OMAPL138/C6748 eXperimenter

for Teaching with Floating Point DSP

24

TI Part Number Description Used For

TMDSEXPL138-UNV OMAPL138 /C6748 Experimenter Kit - University Version

Base eXperimenter board provides everything needed to teach and do projects using Real-Time DSP

TMDSEXPL138 OMAPL138/ C6748 Experimenter Kit

Standard eXperimenter provides touchscreen & linux SDK

TMDSEVML138 OMAPL138/ C6748 Evaluation Module

EVM provides base board plus user interface module and additional software

OMAPL138 incorporates C6748 Floating Point DSP Core plus ARM9 MPU

Teaching ROM & 2 Comprehensive Textbooks Available -UNV eXperimenter Kit provides academics everything needed to get

started teaching real-time DSP Standard eXperimenter and EVM use same base board plus LCD

module or touch screen & Linux software packages for projects using dual core capability

Getting started website for documentation, software and teaching materials: www.ti.com/EXPL138-UNV

Slide 25© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Textbook:

Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the

OMAP- L138

eXperimenter

By Donald Reay

Strong history of teaching at university level and publication with TI C6000 & co-authored DSP and Applications second edition w/ Rulph Chassaing

Covers DSP concepts, extensive theory and real-time DSP practice for each example

Programming specific to OMAPL138/C6748 Experimenter Platforms Companion site with source code, examples and programs Contents include:

OMAP-L138 Development System Analog I/O with the OMAP-L138 eXperimenter FIR & IIR Filters Fast Fourier Transform & Adaptive Filters DSP/BIOS and Platform Support Package

Published March 2012, Wiley Publishing

ISBN: 978-0-470-93686-3

Author and Educator: Donald Reay

Slide 26© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials

Textbook:

Real-Time Digital Signal Processing from MATLAB® to C

with the TMS320C6x DSPs

By Welch, Wright and Morrow

26

Authors have extensive experience teaching at university level and also professor workshops

Fills gap between theory and practice using real-time DSP Step by step framework demonstrates via MATLAB, winDSK8, C Companion site with source code, examples and programs Integrates solutions in the text and challenges in each chapter Sections for classroom use or self learning

Sampling & Reconstruction, Filters – FIR, IIR, FFT, Frame based DSP, Digital Filters using Frames, FFT, more

Projects including: Guitar Special Effects, Graphic Equalizer, AM transmit & receive, LogicPD Experimenter kit, BPSK, QPSK, MPSK, more

Appendices: Code Composer Studio, DSP/BIOS, Architecture, moreExercises use either OMAPL138/C6748 or 320C6713 DSP

Second Edition – Published December 2011,

CRC Press ISBN: 978-1-4398-8303-7

Authors & Educators: Thad Welch, Cameron Wright, Michael Morrow

Slide 27© 2011 Texas Instruments Inc, C6000 Teaching Materials 27

TMS320C6748 Documentation:

• TMS320C6748 Fixed/Floating-Point DSP Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/sprs590d/sprs590d.pdf

• TMS320C6748 DSP Technical Reference Manual: http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/spruh79a/spruh79a.pdf

Tools:

• Code Composer Studio v4: http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Category:Code_Composer_Studio_v4

• Code Composer Studio v5: http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Category:Code_Composer_Studio_v5

• OMAPL138 University Kit: http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/OMAPL138_Univ_Kit

C6EZFLO Graphical Development Tool

http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/c6flo-dsptool.html

Software included in SDK kit, additional software or upgrades for download

http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tms320c6747.html#toolssoftware

http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tms320c6748.html#toolssoftware

TI Wiki and Forum C674x info - http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Category:C674x

C674X forums: http://e2e.ti.com/support/dsp/tms320c6000_high_performance_dsps/f/115.aspx

For more information: