Sleep & DreamsSleep & Dreams

Unit 3Unit 3

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Objectives:Objectives:

• Define sleepDefine sleep

• Identify the main theories of sleepIdentify the main theories of sleep

• Differentiate between the stages of Differentiate between the stages of sleepsleep

• Discuss various dream theoriesDiscuss various dream theories

• Identify the defining features of sleep Identify the defining features of sleep disordersdisorders

Warm UpWarm Up

• Describe two of the Describe two of the five different levels five different levels of consciousness of consciousness we talked about we talked about last time.last time.

What Is Sleep?What Is Sleep?

• An altered state in An altered state in which people which people become relatively become relatively unaware of unaware of external external stimulationstimulation

Studying SleepStudying Sleep

• (1953) EEG records (1953) EEG records brain wave activitybrain wave activity– Frequency and strengthFrequency and strength

• EOG = eye movementsEOG = eye movements

• EMG = muscle movementsEMG = muscle movements

• EKG = activity of the heartEKG = activity of the heart

EEG and Sleep StagesEEG and Sleep Stages

• Awake = Beta WavesAwake = Beta Waves

• NREM 1 = AlphaNREM 1 = Alpha– Drowsy, HypnagogicDrowsy, Hypnagogic

• NREM 2 = ThetaWavesNREM 2 = ThetaWaves– Sleep SpindlesSleep Spindles

• NREM 3 = Delta WavesNREM 3 = Delta Waves– Bedwetting, Sleep Bedwetting, Sleep

Talk/WalkTalk/Walk– Night terrorsNight terrors

• REM = Mimic Beta WavesREM = Mimic Beta Waves– Atonia, DREAMINGAtonia, DREAMING

Sleep CycleSleep Cycle

• Roughly 5 Periods/Night – Lighter & More Roughly 5 Periods/Night – Lighter & More REM as move towards morningREM as move towards morning

Why Do We Sleep?Why Do We Sleep?

• Evolutionary TheoryEvolutionary Theory: Protective : Protective function, keeps people tucked away at function, keeps people tucked away at night, safe from predators.night, safe from predators.

• Recuperative TheoryRecuperative Theory: Conserves : Conserves energy, restores body tissues depleted energy, restores body tissues depleted during daily activity, mental during daily activity, mental consolidationconsolidation

Why Do We Sleep At Night?Why Do We Sleep At Night?

•Circadian RhythmCircadian Rhythm– Internal sleep/wake Internal sleep/wake

cycle connected to cycle connected to 24-hour pd of 24-hour pd of earth’s rotationearth’s rotation

– SCN/MelatoninSCN/Melatonin

How Much Sleep Do I Need?How Much Sleep Do I Need?

• InfantsInfants– 20 hours20 hours

• 50% REM50% REM

• Children/AdolescentsChildren/Adolescents– 10-14 hours10-14 hours

• AdultsAdults– 8 hours8 hours

• Elderly Elderly – 6 hours6 hours

What If I Miss Sleep?What If I Miss Sleep?

• Effects On BodyEffects On Body

– Immune system Immune system weakens (illness)weakens (illness)

– Metabolic Metabolic malfunctionmalfunction

• Effects On BrainEffects On Brain– MoodinessMoodiness– Decreased cognitive Decreased cognitive

performanceperformance• Learn slower, remember Learn slower, remember

less, loss concentration less, loss concentration & creativity& creativity

– Blurred visionBlurred vision– Disorganized speechDisorganized speech– HallucinationsHallucinations– Death?Death?

Sleep ActivitiesSleep Activities

• Am I Sleep Am I Sleep Deprived?Deprived?

• Sleep Myths Quiz & Sleep Myths Quiz & VideoVideo

Am I Sleep Deprived? Am I Sleep Deprived? Yes/NoYes/No• I need an alarm clock to I need an alarm clock to

wake up for school.wake up for school.

• It’s a struggle to get out of It’s a struggle to get out of bed in the morning.bed in the morning.

• I hit the snooze bar several I hit the snooze bar several times to get more sleep.times to get more sleep.

• I feel tired, irritable and I feel tired, irritable and stressed out during the stressed out during the week.week.

• I have trouble concentrating I have trouble concentrating and remembering.and remembering.

• I feel slow with critical I feel slow with critical thinking, problem solving thinking, problem solving and being creative.and being creative.

• I often fall asleep in boring I often fall asleep in boring classes or warm rooms.classes or warm rooms.

• I often fall asleep within 5 I often fall asleep within 5 minutes of getting into bed.minutes of getting into bed.

• I often feel drowsy while I often feel drowsy while driving.driving.

• I often sleep extra hours on I often sleep extra hours on weekend mornings.weekend mornings.

• I often need a nap when I I often need a nap when I get home from school.get home from school.

• I have pink circles around or I have pink circles around or dark circles under my eyes.dark circles under my eyes.

Am I Sleep Deprived? Am I Sleep Deprived? Yes/NoYes/No• An answer of “yes” to An answer of “yes” to

three or more of the three or more of the previous questions previous questions indicates sleep indicates sleep deprivation.deprivation.

• You can easily You can easily improve your mood, improve your mood, performance and performance and health by getting health by getting more sleepmore sleep!!

What Is Dreaming?What Is Dreaming?

• Story-like series of Story-like series of thoughts, images, or thoughts, images, or emotions during (REM) emotions during (REM) sleep.sleep.– Last Secs-Minutes to Last Secs-Minutes to

Hour (Occur Real Time)Hour (Occur Real Time)– 3-7/night3-7/night

• Lucid Dreaming Lucid Dreaming – Aware of dreaming; can Aware of dreaming; can

direct dreamdirect dream

Why Do We Dream?Why Do We Dream?

• Cultural LoreCultural Lore

• Dreams are Dreams are messages from messages from gods, spiritsgods, spirits– Prophecy/Omen Prophecy/Omen

• Native AmericanNative American– DreamcatchersDreamcatchers

Why Do We Dream?Why Do We Dream?

• Psychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic Theory– Dreams reflect our Dreams reflect our

unconscious wishes and unconscious wishes and fantasies.fantasies.

– Manifest ContentManifest Content: images : images in dream (censored)in dream (censored)

– Latent ContentLatent Content: meaning : meaning of dreamof dream

• 3 Types of Dreams3 Types of Dreams– Satisfaction, Impatience, Satisfaction, Impatience,

ComfortComfort

Why Do We Dream?Why Do We Dream?

• Problem Solving TheoryProblem Solving Theory

• Dreams reflect Dreams reflect problems we face problems we face during waking hours.during waking hours.

Why Do We Dream?Why Do We Dream?

• Activation-Synthesis Activation-Synthesis TheoryTheory

• Dreams are by-products Dreams are by-products of random neural of random neural activity/firingactivity/firing

• Cortex tries to make Cortex tries to make sense …but reasoning sense …but reasoning (frontal lobe) shut off (frontal lobe) shut off

NightmaresNightmares

• REM SleepREM Sleep• ~12 per year~12 per year

• CausesCauses– Anxiety, depression, Anxiety, depression,

mental stressmental stress– Fears and active Fears and active

imaginationsimaginations– Traumatic eventsTraumatic events– Drugs, medicationDrugs, medication– Fever, illnessFever, illness

Random Dream FactsRandom Dream Facts

• Blind people dreamBlind people dream– After 7, some visual After 7, some visual

imagesimages

• Most inside, involve Most inside, involve motionmotion

• Infer babies dream Infer babies dream (images)(images)

• People dream in colorPeople dream in color

• Animals dreamAnimals dream

• Drugs influence dreamsDrugs influence dreams

• Dream recall increases Dream recall increases following traumatic following traumatic experiencesexperiences

• Psychic or precognitive Psychic or precognitive dreams are commondreams are common– Lincoln, TwainLincoln, Twain

• Can be acquitted of Can be acquitted of criminal actscriminal acts

• There are few non-There are few non-dreamers, just non-dreamers, just non-recallersrecallers

Sleep & Dream LogSleep & Dream Log

• For the next week, For the next week, record your sleep and record your sleep and dream patterns!dream patterns!

• ““I AM going to dream”I AM going to dream”

• Pen and paperPen and paper

• Scribble, write, draw Scribble, write, draw everything uncensoredeverything uncensored

• Complete sheet in Complete sheet in spare waking timespare waking time

Dream LogDream Log

• Interpreting DreamsInterpreting Dreams

• www.dreammoods.comwww.dreammoods.com

• http://dream.dictionary-http://dream.dictionary-dream.infodream.info

• www.thecuriousdreamer.cwww.thecuriousdreamer.comom

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

DyssomniasDyssomnias

• Disturbance in Disturbance in amount, timing, or amount, timing, or quality of sleep.quality of sleep.

• Insomnia - lack of sleepInsomnia - lack of sleep

• Narcolepsy (animals too) Narcolepsy (animals too) – sleep attacks– sleep attacks

• Obstructive Sleep Obstructive Sleep Apnea – cessation of Apnea – cessation of breathingbreathing

ParasomniasParasomnias• Abnormal events during Abnormal events during

deep sleep stages. May deep sleep stages. May disturb sleeper (usually disturb sleeper (usually unaware) but also others.unaware) but also others.

• Sleep walking / talking Sleep walking / talking

• BedwettingBedwetting

• Night TerrorsNight Terrors

• Sleep Related Eating DisorderSleep Related Eating Disorder

• REM Behavior DisorderREM Behavior Disorder

• Sleep ParalysisSleep Paralysis

Closure

•How has sleep deprivation affected your life? Which activities contribute most to your sleep deprivation?