SKULL SESSION- bones rigidly connected by sutures to ... · I. CALVARIUM = SKULL CAP-Consists of...
Transcript of SKULL SESSION- bones rigidly connected by sutures to ... · I. CALVARIUM = SKULL CAP-Consists of...
I. CALVARIUM = SKULL CAP-
Consists of bones linkedby sutures
SKULL SESSION- bones rigidly connected by sutures to protect brain; attach, move eyes
FRONTAL (1)
BONES OF CALVARIUMPARIETAL (2)
FRONTAL (1)
OCCIPITAL (1)
SPHENOID (1)
TEMPORAL (2)
NOSE
C. LANDMARKS
1. BREGMA – MID-POINT OF CORONAL SUTURE
2. LAMBDA – MID-POINT OF LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE
3. LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE
2. SAGITTAL SUTURE
1. CORONAL SUTURE
B. SUTURESNOSE
LAMBDA -Greek letter
superior (top) view
posterior (back) view
CORONAL SUTURE LANDMARKS
3. PTERION
- JUNCTION OF TEMPORAL SPHENOID PARIETAL AND FRONTAL BONES
NOSE
1. ANTERIOR FONTANELLEAT BREGMA
3. LATERAL FONTANELLEAT PTERION
2. POSTERIOR FONTANELLE -AT LAMBDA
- FONTANELLES (' soft spots' ) PERMIT CRANIAL COMPRESSION AT BIRTH - CRANIAL GROWTH
D. FONTANELLES – Membranes that link bones at birth
Note: Anterior fontanelle canbe used to access Superior Sagittal venous sinus in neonates
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PARIETALEMISSARYFORAMINA
MASTOIDEMISSARYFORAMEN
EMISSARY VEIN - SCALP TO DIPLOE, SCALP TO SINUS, DIPLOE TO SINUS
BRIDGING VEIN - SURFACE OF BRAIN (CEREBRAL VEIN) TO VENOUS SINUS
EMISSARY VEINS VS BRIDGING VEINS
SCALP
DIPLOE
BRAIN
note: Emissary vein - 'outside' to sinus; Bridging vein - brain (inside) to sinus
VENOUSSINUS
ZYGOMATICO-FACIAL FORAMEN – IN ZYGOMATIC BONE
INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN - IN MAXILLARY BONE
MENTAL FORAMEN- IN MANDIBLE BELOW SECOND PREMOLAR TOOTH
FACE - FRONT OF SKULL
SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN – INMAXILLARY BONE
ZYGOMATIC ARCH-
1)ZYGOMATIC BONE
2)MAXILLARY BONE-ZYGOMATIC PROCESS
3)TEMPORAL BONE-ZYGOMATIC PROCESS
TEMPORAL BONE - PARTS
1)MASTOID PROCESS - hard2)SQUAMOUS PART- flat 3)TYMPANIC PART - ANT. TO EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS
TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT-FROM RAMUS OF MANDIBLE
2. LATERAL VIEW OF SKULL
4)PETROUS PART – inside skull
KNOW FOR FACIALFRACTURES
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- Sphenoid bone forms parts of all cranial fossae; has:
i) Lesser Wing above Superior Orbital Fissure;
ii) Greater Wing-Below Superior Orbital Fissureextends laterally;
iii) Sella Turcica-(turkish saddle) depression above main part (body)
LESSER WING OF SPHENOID
GREATER WING
SELLA TURCICA
SPHENOID BONE - INSIDE SKULL
TURKISHSADDLE
IICRANIAL NERVESARE NUMBEREDACCORDINGTO THEIR POSITION ON THE BRAINSTEM
IIIIVVVI
VII, VIIIIX, XXI
XII
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
CRANIAL NERVES
I
II
III, IV, V1, VIV2V3Middle Meningeal A.VII, VIIIIX, X, XIXII
NOSE
OLFACTORYFORAMEN –CN IOLFACTORYNERVEDAMAGE -ANOSMIA(LOSS OF SMELL)
CRISTAGALLIOFETHMOID
OPTICFORAMEN CN IIOPTICNERVE,OPHTHALMICARTERY
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SUPERIORORBITALFISSURE –CN III, IVV1, VIOPHTHALMICVEINS
CAVERNOUSSINUS
SELLA TURCICA -PITUITARYGLAND
VENOUS SINUSES
7. Cavernous sinuses - in middle cranial fossa; on side of the body of the sphenoid bone; connected by Intercavernous sinus; receive blood from Sup. and Inf. Ophthalmic veins, Cerebral veins; drain to Sup. and Inf. Petrosal sinuses
8. Sup. and Inf. Petrosal sinuses - on petrous part of temporal boneSup. drains to TransverseInf. Drains to Internal Jugular
FORAMENROTUNDUM –CN V2
FORAMENOVALE –CN V3
FORAMENSPINOSUM -MiddleMeningealArtery,Nervus Spinosus
OPENINGOFCAROTIDCANAL(FORAMENLACERUM)
CAVERNOUSSINUS
PITUITARY
CAV.SINUS
INTERNALCAROTID
IIIIV
V1,V2
VI
STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH WALL OF CAVERNOUSSINUS - Int. Carotid A., Cranial N.'s III, IV, V1, V2, VI;Clinical sign of Infection in Sinus – ‘BLURRED’ VISION (Diplopia)
INTERNALAUDITORYMEATUS –VII, VIII
JUGULARFORAMEN –CN IX, X, XI
HYPOGLOSSALCANAL –CN XII
FORAMENMAGNUM
I. OLFACTORY - sense of smellII. OPTIC - visionIII. OCULOMOTOR - eye movementIV. TROCHLEAR - eye movementV. TRIGEMINAL - touch, general sensation to skin, oral cavity, nasal cavity + moreVI. ABDUCENS - eye movementVII. FACIAL - muscles of facial expression + lots moreVIII. VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR -hearing and balanceIX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL -sensory to pharynx +moreX. VAGUS - larynx, pharynx + rest of bodyXI. ACCESSORY -sternocleidomastoid, trapeziusXII. HYPOGLOSSAL - muscles of tongue
I II
III
IVV VI
VII+VIII
IX, X+XI XII
CRANIAL NERVES
VENOUS SINUSES OF BRAINSUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
INFERIORSAGITTALSINUS
STRAIGHTSINUS
TRANSVERSESINUS
CAVERNOUSSINUS
SIGMOID SINUS
INTERNAL JUGULARVEIN
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
TransverseTransverse
Sigmoid
VENOUS SINUSES4. Transverse sinuses - in lateral fixed part of tentorium; receive blood from Sup. Sagittal or Confluens5. Sigmoid sinuses - S-shaped continuation of Transverse; endin Jugular Foramen; form Internal Jugular Vein6. Occipital Sinuses - in falx cerebelli; drain to Confluens
Sigmoid
NOSE
VENOUS SINUSES MAKE GROOVES IN CRANIAL CAVITY
TRANSVERSESINUS
SIGMOIDSINUS
VENOUS SINUSES
7. Cavernous sinuses - in middle cranial fossa; on side of the body of the sphenoid bone; connected by Intercavernous sinus; receive blood from Sup. and Inf. Ophthalmic veins, Cerebral veins; drain to Sup. and Inf. Petrosal sinuses
8. Sup. and Inf. Petrosal sinuses - on petrous part of temporal boneSup. drains to TransverseInf. Drains to Internal Jugular
VENOUS SINUSES MAKE GROOVES IN CRANIAL CAVITY
INFERIORPETROSALSINUS
SUPERIORPETROSALSINUS
CAVERNOUSSINUS
HEAD CUT IN CORONAL PLANE
RELATIONS OF ORBIT
1) ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA - SUPERIOR TO ROOF
ORBIT
2) MAXILLARY SINUS -INFERIOR TO FLOOR
3) NASAL CAVITY -MEDIAL TO MEDIAL WALL OF ORBIT
BONES OF ORBIT
FORAMINA- MOST THINGS ENTER ORBIT FROM MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
1) OPTIC CANAL- IN BASE OF LESSER WING OF SPHENOID BONE, CONTAINS OPTIC NERVE (II) and OPHTHALMIC ARTERY
2) SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE - BETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER WINGS OF SPHENOID, CONTAINS III, IV, V1, VI, OPHTHALMIC VEINS
B. FORAMINA OF ORBIT
OPTICFORAMEN CN IIOPTICNERVEOPHTHALMICARTERY
SUPERIORORBITALFISSURE –CN III, IVV1, VI,OPHTHALMICVEINS
SUPERIORORBITALFISSURE
INFERIORORBITALFISSURE
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
1) OPTIC CANAL- IN BASE OF LESSER WING OF SPHENOID BONE,CONTAINS OPTIC NERVE AND OPHTHALMIC ARTERY
2) SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSUREBETWEEN GREATER AND LESSER WINGS OF SPHENOID, CONTAINS III, IV, V1, VI, OPTHALMIC VEINS
NOSE
2) ANT. AND POST. ETHMOIDAL FORAMINA-BETWEEN ETHMOID AND FRONTAL BONES -CONNECT ORBIT AND NASAL CAVITIES -CONTAIN ANT AND POST ETHMOIDAL N., A. AND V. (V1 AND OPHTHALMIC A.)
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL FORAMINA
OPENING OF 3) NASOLACRIMAL DUCT- IN MAXILLARY, LACRIMAL BONES AND INF. NASAL CONCHA -CONTAINS MEMBRANEOUS NASOLACRIMAL DUCT AND TEARS
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT