Sketching Out the End of Reconstruction
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Transcript of Sketching Out the End of Reconstruction
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Sketching Out the End of Reconstruction
Enough is Enough
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Four Reasons For End of
Reconstruction1) General Amnesty Act of 18722) Grant’s Presidency3) Panic of 18734) Recall of troops in 1877
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General Amnesty Act of 1872
• South claims US isn’t a democracy because they cannot elect some Democrats - Valid Point
• Congress allows former CSA officials to hold public office
• Southern Democrats take hold of state positions
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Ulysses S. Grant’s Presidency
• President Grant’s (a Republican) cabinet is corrupt and scandals break out
• People move away from Republican party as a result
• Grant thought of as one of worst Presidents
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Panic of 1873• US economy goes into a severe recession (2 million unemployed of 36 million)
• People increasingly choose Democrats to try to fix the problems
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U.S. Troops Recalled
• Army that Congress sent to South to supervise Reconstruction were called back in 1877 by President Rutherford B. Hayes
• Effectively ends supervision in the South
• Southern Democrats (segregationists) are now in control
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When the Federal Government Left the South Alone, What
Happened?
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Blacks‘ dreams for justice ends at the close of
Reconstruction at the end of the 19th century
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WARNING:You are going to be mad at the next few
slides. Remember, it is not my fault - I just tell you about
it!
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Voting Restrictions
• Poll Tax - a fee to vote (stops poor from voting)
• Literacy Tests - Had to read a paragraph to vote (Blacks given harder passages)
• Grandfather Clause - You could avoid a poll tax or literacy test if your grandfather voted prior to 1867.
• Blacks were poor, uneducated, and had no grandfathers who voted.
• These laws stopped Blacks (Republicans) from voting, allowing Democrats to gain control
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Segregation• Jim Crow laws - Laws that forced separation of whites and Blacks
• Separating the races is called segregation
• Examples of Jim Crow laws– Separate areas in theaters, restaurants, and railcars
– Different schools for whites and Blacks
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Supreme Court on Segregation
• Several cases went to Supreme Court saying that segregation and Jim Crow laws were in violation of the 14th Amendment
• Court rules the 14th Amendment only pertains to government actions, so private people and businesses can segregate
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Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)• Supreme Court hears case of Homer Plessy being
arrested for refusing to leave a “whites only” railcar
• Decision - Arrest is upheld. Furthermore, the Court states that segregation is legal as long as there are “Separate but Equal” facilities
• “Equal” means that both Blacks and whites have access to the object (example - black water fountain is rusty emitter of dirty water, white fountain is great = legal - they both have a water fountain
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Reconstruction Successes
• Southern economy rebuilt and more diverse (not just cotton anymore)
• Education in place for both whites and blacks
• Black colleges and universities created
• Blacks received temporary rights in government and society
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Reconstruction Failures
• Blacks lose rights at the end of the Reconstruction Era
• Sharecropping is the main job of blacks in the South (not much better than slavery)
• Governments in the South run by racist leaders and supported by courts
• Jim Crow South established - no future for blacks