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Transcript of Simple Sequencing in Training Delivery and Management Neil Cramer, Manager Instructional Systems...
Simple Sequencing in Training Delivery and Management
Neil Cramer, Manager Instructional Systems Northwest [email protected]
Simple Sequencing
A method for representing the intended behavior of an authored learning experience
Consistent sequencing of learning activitiesBased on rules and conditions tied to
activitiesControls the launching of activities and access
to learning resourcesThe manifestation of an instructional strategy
SCORM 1.3 (IMS) Simple Sequencing
What it isn't: Simple AI based sequencing Schedule based sequencing Sequencing requiring data from closed systems
and services (e.g. embedded simulations) Collaborative learning Customized learning
Terminology
Learning Activity – a meaningful unit of instruction (potentially with sub-activities or access to learning resources in a defined hierarchy)Have a discreet start and endHave well defined completion and mastery conditionsSub-activities can be nested to any depthMay or may not have associated SCOs or SCAsMay be associated with Parent or Child activities a la
SCORM Content Aggregation Model
Terminology
Tracking Activity – association of tracking status data with a Learning Activity impacted by learner interactions and impacting learning sequencesNo specification on data persistence beyond
current login sessionActive/Passive Content – active content sets
values of elements in data tracking model, passive content assumes default values
Terminology
Activity Tree – represents the organization of all elements, hierarchies, and relationships between components relative to Content AggregationDerived from the instructional design
parametersImplemented and controlled by the LMS
Terminology
Cluster – an activity that consists of child activities. Includes the parent activity and its first level children but not the descendants of the child activities.Combined to form the Activity TreeThe building blocks of content aggregation and
sequencing
Activity Tree and Clusters
Course
Lesson 3Lesson 2Lesson 1
Module 1
Module 2
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Module 1
Module 2
Topic 1
Topic 2
Cluster
Cluster
Cluster Cluster
Cluster
Terminology
Activity Duration Tracking – the temporal model for the learning experience Attempt – effort to complete a learning activity. Applies across all
components of the parent/child hierarchy up through the root. Status parameters are changed to determine subsequent attempts versus resumption.
Suspension/Resumption – learner remains within previous attempt rather than tracking new attempt. More than one activity can be in suspension at one time.
Sequencing Session – period from start of sequencing process to completion for given activity.
SCORM Sequencing Definition Model
Elements that may be used to define intended sequencing behavior:
Sequencing Control Modes Sequencing Rules Limit Conditions Auxiliary Resource Rollup Rules Objectives Objective Map Rollup Controls Selection Controls Randomization Controls Delivery Controls
Sequencing Conditions and Actions/Behaviors
Conditions
Satisfied Activity Progress Known
Objective Status Known
Attempted
Objective Measure Known
Attempt Limit Exceeded
Objective Measure Greater
Than
Time Limit Exceeded
Objective Measure Less
Than
Outside Available Time
Range
Completed
Precondition Actions
Skip
Disabled
Hidden From Choice
Stop Forward Traversal
Postcondition Actions
Exit Parent
Exit All
Retry
Retry All
Continue
Previous
Exit Actions
Exit
ThenIF
(not)
Sequencing in IBM/Lotus LMS 1.0
Two controls provide for management and launching of activities:Choice – free movement through enabled
activities identified as clickable linksFlow – controls the way in which a student
proceeds (or recedes) through learning activities
Typical Sequencing Strategies
Choice – AllAll learning activities can be launched at any
timeStudent controls what they launch and in what
orderGood for overview and general informationDoes not include prerequisites or assessments
(at least ones that drive sequence)
Typical Sequencing Strategies
Flow – AllActivities can not be launched from the course
listActivities have "Continue" and/or "Previous"
buttons on screenFlow is controlled by course hierarchyGood for highly structured course controlled by
design
Typical Sequencing Strategies
Choice and Flow – AllAllows for free movement but encourages a
sequence Student will have clickable link in course list
but also see "Continue" and "Previous" buttons on screen
Good for course that has both new and returning students
Typical Sequencing Strategies
Choice, then FlowTop level activities are marked as choice, child
activities are marked as flowStudent can choose any activity but must work
through sub-activities in prescribed orderTypically high level activities are self contained
with no prerequisitesActivity always starts at the beginning even on
subsequent retries
Objectives
Objectives link performance with sequencingObjective Status – the objective's defined
goal has been achieved through launch or completion
Score (Normalized or Objective Measure) – value from 0 to 100 (or 0.00000 to 1.00000) as a percentage of correct answers on an assessment
Information Passing
Local ObjectiveAssociated with a single course itemScore and status affect that one itemOne local objective is tagged as primary and contains
roll up information for LMS Global Objective
Passes information between local objectivesThe only type that can be accessed outside the scope of
a single course itemMust have unique ID throughout entire LMS
Basic Architecture
Course item Primary Objective
Sequencing Rule
Topic ParametersChoice = False
Flow = True
Objective Satisfied Objective not Satisfied
Course item
"Stop Forward Traversal"
Objective Satisfied by MeasureMinimum Normalized Measure = .80
. . .
Multiple Objectives Example
Pre-test assess two types of knowledge –basic and advanced
Must repeat assessment until basic knowledge is mastered
If basic knowledge is mastered but advanced knowledge is not student receives remediation
When both basic and advanced knowledge are mastered student moves to next topic
Multiple Objectives Example
Course
Topic 1
Topic 2
Content
Assessment
Basic Question(s)
Advanced Question(s)
Quiz Score
Choice = FalseFlow = True
Choice = FalseFlow = True
"Basic"
"Advanced"
By ObjectiveIs Master Exam = TrueReport Objectives = True
Objectives#1 Basic – Objective satisfied by measure = .80#2 Advanced – Objective satisfied by measure = .80
Sequencing Rules#1 If objective "basic" is not satisfied then retry#2 If objective "advanced" is not satisfied then
previous
Global Objective Example
Pre-test determines pathIf pre-test is passed, student proceeds to
advanced contentIf pre-test is failed, student proceeds to
introductory contentGlobal objective used to pass data from pre-
test to the introductory content
Global Objective Example
Course
Topic 1
Advanced
Pre-test
Question(s)
Quiz Score
Choice = FalseFlow = True
Global Objective – data container
Primary Local Objective - Objective satisfied by measure = .80
By ObjectiveIs Master Exam = True
Sequencing Rule(Pre-condition Rule)
Skip if Mastery > .80
Intro
Primary Local Objective - Objective satisfied by measure = .80Export Map
Import Map
Sample SCORM Sequencing Models
No SequencingStudent can choose learning activities in any
orderWhen all components of a cluster are complete
the cluster is completeIf all questions return "passed" the whole
course is passedChoice = ALL
Sample SCORM Sequencing Models
LinearGuided flowStudent progresses through course in predetermined
orderMust complete one component before moving to the
nextCluster is complete when all components are completeNo intermediary assessments, only final assessmentFlow = ALL
Sample SCORM Sequencing Models
Learner ControlledMust complete introduction, then presented with menu
of modulesEach module lists its component lessonsStudent can select any module, but not a lessonEach module has assessmentStudent may not attempt module more than onceChoice, then Flow
Sample SCORM Sequencing Models
Knowledge PacedStudent must complete introduction, then proceed to
module 1 assessment If assessment is passed, move to module 2 assessment If assessment is not passed, move to module, then
assessment again Etc. for all modulesFlow = ALL w/ sequencing instruction to repeat on
failure
Sample SCORM Sequencing Models
RemediationStudent completes introduction and follows linear
sequence through modulesStudent takes comprehensive assessmentOn pass course is completeOn fail of any given section of assessment (by
objective), student is moved to associated content module
On completion of remediated module student retakes module assessment
Flow = ALL w/ sequencing rules to repeat on specific objective(s) failure
Sequencing Controls
Meaning Options
Choice When set to True, indicates that students can choose which course items to complete.
True, False
Choice Exit When set to True, indicates that students can exit an activity that is part of a choice sequence.
True, False
Flow When set to True, indicates that the student has the ability to use Continue or Previous navigation.
True, False
Forward Only When set to True, students may not go back to previous course items higher in the course hierarchy.
True, False
Rollup Controls Meaning Options
Rollup Objective Satisfied
When set to True, the status of the objective associated with the course item is included in the rollup calculations.
True, False
Rollup Objective Measure Weight
When greater than one, the objective for rolled-up items are weighted more heavily. (A weight of two would weigh these items twice as heavily as others, for example.)
A number of one or greater.
Rollup Progress Completion
When set to True, the complete and incomplete status is included in the rollup calculations.
True, False
Rollup Progress Duration
When set to True, the amount of time spent launching and working on the course items are included in the rollup calculations.
True, False
Limit Controls Meaning Options
Attempt Control When set to True, students are bound by the Attempt Limit. True, False
Attempt Limit The number of attempts that are permitted for the course item. A number
Attempt Wallclock Duration Control
When set to True, students are bound by the Attempt Wallclock Duration Limit.
True, False
Attempt Wallclock Duration Limit
The amount of time students are allowed for one attempt on the course item.
A time limit in days, hours, and minutes.
Attempt Interaction Duration Control
When set to True, students are bound by the Attempt Interaction Duration Limit.
True, False
Attempt Interaction Duration Limit
The amount of time students can spend actively working on a course item in a single session. It does not include time when the course item is open, but not being worked on.
A time limit in days, hours, and minutes.
Wallclock Duration Control
When set to True, students are bound by the Wallclock Duration Limit. True, False
Limit ControlsMeaning Options
Wallclock Duration Limit The total amount of time students are allowed to have a course item open, across multiple sessions.
A time limit in days, hours, and minutes.
Interaction Duration Control When set to True, students are bound by the Interaction Duration Limit.
True, False
Interaction Duration Limit The total amount of time students can spend actively working on course items for all attempts they make.
A time limit in days, hours, and minutes.
Time Limit Control When set to True, students are bound by Begin Time Limit and End Time Limit.
True, False
Begin Time Limit Specifies on which day, hour, and minute of the course timeline the course item becomes available.
A time limit in days, hours, and minutes.
End Time Limit Specifies on which day, hour, and minute of the course timeline the course item becomes unavailable.
A time limit in days, hours, and minutes.
Delivery Controls Meaning Options
Tracked When set to True, the objective and progress data is recorded and the data contributes to the rollup for the parent course item.
True, False
Completion Set by Content
When set to True, indicates that the content sets the completion status. When set to False, progress data is sent by default tracking rules, rather than waiting for data sent from the content.
True, False
Objective Set by Content
When set to True, indicates that the content sets the status for the primary objective. When set to False, objective status is set by default tracking rules.
True, False
Rollup Rules Meaning Options
Child Set Determines how many child items (those contained as children of the course item in the course hierarchy) must meet the Rollup Condition. At Least Count is a minimum number of child items; At Least Percent is a minimum percentage of the child items.
All, Any, None, At Least Count, At Least Percent
Number Field The number that applies to At Least Count or At Least Percent Child Sets.
For "At Least Count," this is any number from 1 to 100.
For "At Least Percent," this is a number from 0 to 100 and you can specify up to five digits to the right of the decimal place; for example, 57.48529.
Rule Conditions Evaluate to Determines if all conditions for the rule must be met or at least one, in order for this rule to take effect.
All True, Any True
Specify Condition (operator) The selected condition is either stated as is with {none} or negated with Not.
{none}, Not
Specify Condition (condition) The course item status for which this rule applies.
Satisfied, Objective Status Known, Completed, Activity Progress Known, Attempted, Attempt Limit Exceeded, Time Limit Exceeded, Outside Available Time Range, and Always.
Perform Action The progress that is marked for the parent item when the condition is met.
Complete, Incomplete, Not Satisfied, and Satisfied
Sequence Rules Meaning Options
Rule Conditions Evaluate to Determines if all conditions for the rule must be met or at least one, in order for this rule to take effect.
All True, Any True
Specify Condition (operator) The selected condition is either stated as is with {none} or negated with Not.
{none}, Not
Specify Condition (condition) The course item status for which this rule applies.
Satisfied, Objective Status Known, Objective Measure Greater Than, Objective Measure Less Than, Completed, Activity Progress Known, Attempted, Attempted Limit Exceeded, Time Limit Exceeded, Outside Available Time Range, and Always.
Action Group Determines when this rule becomes active. Pre Condition Sequencing Rule, Exit Condition Sequencing Rule, Post Condition Sequencing Rule
Perform Action States what navigation occurs when the rule is applied.
Disabled, Hidden From Choice, Skip, Stop Forward Traversal. Choices depend on the Action Group selected.