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Simple Schizoprenia Overview
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SCHIZOPHRENIA
DEFINITION
Schizophrenia is a chronic,
severe, debilitating mental
illness
DEFINITION
Characterized by:
– Psychotic symptoms
(delusions, hallucinations)
– Disorganization symptoms
– Negative symptoms and,
sometimes,
– Cognitive impairment
INCIDENCE
Affects about 1% of the
population over the age of 18
or, in other words, at any one
time as many as 51 million
people worldwide
INCIDENCE
• Is one of the only disorders
known to exist in every
culture and society around
the world.
• Affects men and women
equally.
TYPES
TYPES
The ICD-10 further defines two
additional subtypes:
TYPES
• Post-schizophrenic
depression
A depressive episode arising in
the aftermath of a
schizophrenic illness where
some low-level
schizophrenic symptoms
may still be present
• Simple Schizophrenia
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
-Delusions
-Hallucinations
-Disorganized speech
-Disorganized behaviors
-Catatonic behaviors
• Positive, more overtly psychotic symptoms
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
-Inhibition of facial expressions
-Lack of speech
-Lack of motivation
• Negative, potentially less overtly psychotic symptoms
SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Simple schizophrenia is classified F20.6 in ICD-10
• An uncommon disorder in which there is an
insidious and progressive development of
prominent negative symptoms with no history
of psychotic episodes
SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
Delusions and hallucinations
are not evident, and the
disorder is less obviously
psychotic than the
disorganized, paranoid, and
catatonic subtypes of
schizophrenia
SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
The characteristic “negative”
features of residual
schizophrenia (e.g. blunting of
affect, loss of volition) develop
without being preceded by any
overt psychotic symptoms.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
Slowly progressive
development over a period of
at least one year, of all three of
the following:
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
1(a) Loss of drive and interests, aimlessness, self-absorbed attitude and
social withdrawal that progress.
(b) Gradual appearance and deepening of negative symptoms such as
marked apathy, lack of speech, under activity, blunting of affect,
passivity and lack of initiative, and poor non-verbal
communication.
(c) Marked decline in social, scholastic or occupational performance.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
2
Absence, at any time, of
hallucinations and well
formed delusions of any
kind
3
Absence of evidence of
dementia or any other
organic disorder
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
The only primary symptom is the withdrawal of the person from
social and work related situations.
ARE ANY TESTS NEEDED?
• Blood and urine tests may
be done to rule out physical
causes of the symptoms or
drug/alcohol use.
• Chronic Cannabis use leads
to Amotivational syndrome.
MANAGEMENT
There is no cure for
schizophrenia, but consistent
ongoing compliance with a
multifaceted treatment
program can often effectively
control symptoms and prevent
relapses of acute episodes of
symptoms.
MANAGEMENT
TREATMENT INCLUDES:
• Medications
• Psychotherapy
• Rehabilitation
ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION
• Antipsychotic drugs tend to
work best to ease positive
symptoms, and tend not to
work so well to ease negative
symptoms
• Due to the lack of positive
symptoms in simple
schizophrenia, the scope of
antipsychotic medications are
limited
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
•Cognitive BehaviouralTherapy (CBT)
The patient may be asked to keep
a diary of important events in
their life and the way they feel
about them. The therapist may
challenge their beliefs and ask
them to explain. They may be
asked to try out new ways of
behaving and reacting
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
•Cognitive BehaviouralTherapy (CBT)
Studies have found that, on
average, CBT reduces the
chance of being admitted or
readmitted to hospital, can
reduce symptom severity
and can improve social
functioning
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
This may be offered and
consists of about 10 therapy
sessions for relatives of
patients with schizophrenia
• FAMILY INTERVENTION
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
It has been found to reduce
hospital admissions and the
severity of symptoms for up to
two years after treatment
• FAMILY INTERVENTION
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation is the tertiary prevention process of helping the person who has a serious mental
illness return to the highest possible level of functioning
• Vocational Rehabilitation would not be complete without
assistance with job training, finding and retraining
• Retraining is a significant component of vocational
rehabilitation. Schizophrenics sometimes want to go back to school to retrain for something new or to finish something they
have already started
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
• A point to keep in mind is to remind families and
friends to value whatever the individual spends his
or her time at
• The structured routine that employment offers
provides a welcome diversion from unpleasant
preoccupations
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY SUPPORT
• Families, friends and local
support groups are major
sources of help
ENCOURAGING PHYSICAL HEALTH
• People with schizophrenia,
along with everyone else in
the population, are
encouraged to adopt a
healthy lifestyle - not to
smoke, to take regular
exercise, to eat healthily,
etc.
LIVING WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Many people diagnosed with
schizophrenia are still able to
live normal, happy lives
• For those diagnosed with the
disorder, it is very important
that they continue to take
their medication and abstain
from drugs and drinking