Similarity Challenge: Setting the Scene (Part II)

Lorentz Center Music Similarity Workshop: Similarity Challenge: Setting the Scene (Part II)

Chew: The Art of Stealing

19 January 2015 1 / 23

The Art of Stealing

Elaine Chew Queen Mary University of London

Centre for Digital Music

Lorentz Centre Workshop Music Similarity: Concepts, Cognition, and Computation

Leiden, Netherlands • 19 January 2015

Lesser artists borrow, great artists steal ~ Igor Stravinsky

Similarity Challenge: Setting the Scene (Part II)

Disclaimer

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of my employer.



19 January 2015 2 / 23

Kinds of similarity

Recap of Anja Volk’s slide: •  surface similarity vs. deep similarity, •  global vs dimensional similarity, •  attributes vs. object relations

image from artpistol.co.uk

Purpose



19 January 2015 3 / 23

Goals

•  Make concrete the object of study •  Expose ears to different kinds of similarity •  Examine the source of similarity •  Indulge the senses and stimulate discussions –  Why do we love similarity? –  What defines creativity?

•  Challenge –  Can your theory explain these examples? –  Can your algorithms analyze these examples? –  What other models do we need to explain similarity?

Image&from&www.classicfm.com&



19 January 2015 4 / 23

Objective

To present concrete examples of •  Stolen Melodies •  Stolen Rhythms •  Stolen Harmonies •  Style Mimicry •  Lock Stock and Barrel •  Collusion

image from matharguments180.blogspot.com



19 January 2015 5 / 23

Stolen Melodies

image from editions.cnn.com

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19 January 2015 6 / 23

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19 January 2015 7 / 23

Paganini: Caprice No. 24&

Caprice No. 24 (1805-9) by Paganini Grand Etude No. 6 (1838) by Liszt Var on a Theme of Paganini (1862-3) by Brahms Rhapsody (1934) by Rachmaninoff Var on a Th of Paganini (1940-1) by Lutoslawski Caprice XXIV by Benny Goodman Variations (1977) by Andrew Lloyd Webber Angels Cry (1993) by Angra Desperate Measures (1996) by Muczynski See long list at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprice_No._24_(Paganini)

image from historicalportraits.com

Rachmaninoff Rhapsody Var 18



19 January 2015 8 / 23

What makes a variation a

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Stolen Harmonies




19 January 2015 9 / 23

Pachelbel Rant

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Another endlessly repeating piece (only 18x)

musa-rt.blogspot.nl/2005/10/journal-acm-cie-2005.html



19 January 2015 10 / 23

Lansky’s “Been There” vs. Beatles’ “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”&

youtu.be/F3RYvO2X0Oo&&

George Harrison’s “My Sweet Lord” 1970 vs. Ronni Mack’s “He’s So Fine” 1963 hit for the Chiffons

youtu.be/sYiEesMbe2I&&



19 January 2015 11 / 23

Style Mimicry


Happy Birthday Variations

Fetes - Happy Birthday Variations (1975) By Ivan Tcherepnin Inversion, stretto Styles 0:00 Chorale 1:30 Fugue 4:30 Gigue 7:30 Jazz 9:30 Grand chords

image from schott-music.com

soundcloud.com/elaineIchew/tcherepninIfetesIhappyIbirthdayIvariaLons&&



19 January 2015 12 / 23

Mimi (by François et al) and Dennis Thurmond – Fantasy/Prelude improv

youtu.be

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Stolen Rhythm




19 January 2015 13 / 23

Cheryl&FrancesIHoad&www.cherylfranceshoad.co.uk&

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Copyright © Cheryl Frances-Hoad

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Hoboken XVI:45,

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19 January 2015 14 / 23

vimeo.com/109998951&&



19 January 2015 15 / 23

Lock, Stock, and Barrel


Alison Balsom (see YouTube) Necheporenko

Jeff Nelson & Canadian Brass Eliot Fisk



19 January 2015 16 / 23

Rajagopal 2010

Alicia_B1

Cardio_Intro

Will_Intro

Romero_A3

Yang, Chew, Rajab 2014



19 January 2015 17 / 23

97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145 151 1570

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Metaphor: Tipping Point Chew 2013

Maria Callas



19 January 2015 18 / 23

Collusion


ESP

Performing music is like driving a car

with Liu, Yang & François work done at USC MuCoaCo Lab



19 January 2015 19 / 23

Analogy&to&Physical&MoLon&Chew, Liu, Yang, François 2005

Todd 1992

wwwIbcf.usc.edu/~mucoaco/ESP&

Comparing performances

Daniel Barenboim Feb 02, 1987 � 1987 Deutsche Grammophon GmbH Hamburg

Maurizio Pollini � 1992 Deutsche Grammophon GmbH Hamburg

Artur Schnabel � 2009 EMI Records Ltd.

Bamberger 2010



19 January 2015 20 / 23

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Comparisons of performances first note of each bar

Chew 2012

Reinforcing Structures

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Chew 2012



19 January 2015 21 / 23

Different Boundary Perceptions

Isaac Jordan

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19 January 2015 22 / 23

Segment-based masks

Feature-derived SSMsTarget SSM(original

annotation)

Reconstruction components

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onst

ruct

ing

an

Ana

lysi

s Smith & Chew 2014

Optimal reconstruction using matrix

decomposition

Optimal reconstruction

without decomposition

Reconstruction cost: 0.68

Reconstruction cost: 0.81

Rec

onst

ruct

ing

an

Ana

lysi

s Smith & Chew 2014



19 January 2015 23 / 23

Objective

To present concrete examples of •  Stolen Melodies •  Stolen Rhythms •  Stolen Harmonies •  Style Mimicry •  Lock Stock and Barrel •  Collusion

All is fair in art and war

Similarity Challenge: Setting the Scene (Part II)

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