Similarities and differences between First and second Generation Muslim Empires
description
Transcript of Similarities and differences between First and second Generation Muslim Empires
Similarities and differences between First and second
Generation Muslim Empires
Second Generation: Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal
First Generation: Umayyad, Abbasid and Delhi Sultanate
Similarities• Problems of succession• Warrior Aristocracy• Divided Population• Creative Culture where
learning was emphasized
Differences • Earlier ones enjoyed
monopoly on trade• Later empires had substantial
land based militaries • Later empires began losing
edge to Europeans
The Mughal Empire
I. ORIGINS
• Key Ruler:
–Moved into N. India–Gunpowder
–Islam
Babur (1500s)
II. Empire Building• Key ruler:
– Defeated remaining Indian armies
–Consolidated rule
–Improved conditions of women
–Economic boom—
Akbar
–Policy of Peace between Hindus & Muslims
–Blending of Culture:Famed Cotton
*Child Marriages ended
Indian and Persian
Policy of Peace between Hindus & Muslims
• Govt. Jobs to Hindus
• Religious tolerance
• Permitted intermarriage: Akbar takes a Hindu wife
• Ended Jizya—Special tax on Hindus
III. Apex of Achievement
• Key rulers:
–Series of cultural achievements
–Military conquests and expansion–Capital moves to Delhi
–Red Fort and Taj Mahal
–Draining of the Treasury
–Beginning of the end…Twilight
Jahangir & Shah Jahin
Re growth of citiesContact w/ each other through textile trade (cotton)
Same time period: 1500 and 1600s
Trade facilitated achievement
Delhi & AgraBlending of Indian/ Persian influencesRulers were patron of the artsConnected Art/Religion
Fell behind Europe in scienceApex – architecture (Taj Mahal & Red Fort)
Venice & FlorenceRevival of Greek/Roman heritage
Merchants served as patron of the arts
Secular artMoved ahead of India in scienceApex – sculpture & art (Da Vinci & Michelangelo
Taj Mahal Red Fort
Akbar Style-blending ofPersian/Indian influences
IV. Decline• Key ruler:
–Control all India–Purify Islam–Reverse female gains–Military drains treasury
–Internal revolts–vulnerable
Aurangzeb