History of Prophets:

Compiled by: Abdul Razzaq Qadri

Hadhrat Adam ْم� َد� ٰا� ْم� َد ْم َد� (Adem) is believed to have been the first human being and the first

prophet and messenger in Islam. Adam's role as the father of the human race is looked upon by Muslims with reverence. Muslims also venerate his wife, Eve(Hawwa), as the "mother of mankind". Muslims see Adam as the first Muslim, as the Qur'an promulgates that all the prophets preached the same faith of submission to Allah. Allah sent less than or more than one lac (one hundred thousand) and twenty four thousand (124,000) Prophets for the guidance of mankind. There are some names of Prophets of Allah. These names are found in Holy Quran.

1. Hadhrat Adam (Peace be upon him) (Adem) 2. Hadhrat Idrees (Peace be upon him)3. Hadhrat Nooh (Peace be upon him) (Noah) 4. Hadhrat Hood (Peace be upon him)5. Hadhrat Saleh (Peace be upon him)6. Hadhrat Loot (Peace be upon him) (Lot) 7. Hadhrat Ibraheem (Peace be upon him) (Abraham) 8. Hadhrat Ismael (Peace be upon him) (Ishmael) 9. Hadhrat Is-haq (Peace be upon him) (Isaac) 10. Hadhrat Yaqoob (Peace be upon him) (Jacob in English, Israeel in Hebrew) 11. Hadhrat Yousuf (Peace be upon him) (Joseph) 12. Hadhrat Sho`aib (Peace be upon him)13. Hadhrat Ayyub (Peace be upon him) (Job) 14. Hadhrat Mu'saa (Peace be upon him) (Moses) 15. Hadhrat Haroon (Peace be upon him) (Aaron) 16. Hadhrat Dawood (Peace be upon him) (David) 17. Hadhrat Sulaiman (Peace be upon him) (Solomon) 18. Hadhrat Yunus (Peace be upon him) (Jonah) 19. Hadhrat Ilyas (Peace be upon him) (Elijah) 20. Hadhrat Al-Yasa (Peace be upon him) (Elisha) 21. Hadhrat Zul-Kifal (Peace be upon him)22. Hadhrat Zakariyya (Peace be upon him) (Zechariah) 23. Hadhrat Yahya (Peace be upon him) (John) 24. Hadhrat Esa (Peace be upon him) (Jesus)

25. Hadhrat Muhammad �ْم َد� َد� ُم� ْم� َد ْم َد�

(Peace and Blessings be upon him) Last Prophet.

Time Period:

Prophet ْت� َر� ْت� َر� Ibrahim was born 2510 BH (Before Hijrat), and he died 2329 BH (aged

approximately 175). Prophet Moosa was born in 2076 BH, and died in 1952 BH, and the era of Prophet Eesa(Jesus) was 571 years ago than birth of Prophet Muhammad �ْم َد� َد� ُم� ْم� َد ْم َد� Peace and blessings be upon

him. Hadhrat Eesa (Jesus) did not die according to Islam, Allah said in Quran:_

([Nisa 4:157] And because they said, "We have killed the Messiah, Eisa the son of Maryam, the Messenger of Allah"; they did not slay him nor did they crucify him, but a look-alike was created for them; and those who disagree concerning it are in doubt about it; they know nothing of it, except the following of assumptions; and without doubt, they did not kill him.

[Nisa 4:158] In fact Allah raised him towards Himself; and Allah is Almighty, Wise.)

Holy Prophet Muhammad migrated from Makkah to Madina in 621 according to Gregorian calendar. (Islamic Calendar has been started from the time of the Migration (Hijrat) of Holy Prophet Muhammad according to Gregorian Calendar it was year of 621).

(Era is not so authentic)

Prophet Ibrahim had two sons (Ismaeel, Is-haaq). Yaqoob (Jacob, Israel) was son of Is-haaq. All of them were Prophets of Allah. Descendants of Israel (Jacob) were called Banee-Israeel (Sons of Yaqub). In the Family of Israeel (Yaqoob, Jacob) Allah sent many Prophets Including Yousuf (Joseph), Moosa (Moses), Dawood (David) , Sulaiman (Solomon), Zakariyya, Yahya (John) and Eesaa (Jesus). But in the Family of Ismaeel (among the sons of Ismaeel) Allah sent only one Prophet, this was Hadhrat Muhammad peace and blessings be upon him after thousands of year of Hadhrat Ismaeel. Keep in mind Ismaeel was uncle of Yaqoob(Israeel, Jacob).

Hajj (pilgrimage)

The Hajj is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca and the largest gathering of Muslim people in the world every year. It is one of the five pillars of Islam, and a religious duty which must be carried out by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so at least once in his or her lifetime. The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to Allah. The word Hajj means “to intend a journey”.The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th Zul-Hajj, the 12th and last month of the Islamic calendar. Because the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, eleven days shorter than the Gregorian calendar used in the Western world, the Gregorian date of the Hajj changes from year

to year. The Hajj is associated with the life of the Prophet Muhammad from the 7th century, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Ibrahim

(Abraham). Pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people, who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series of rituals:ـ

Each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba, the cube-shaped building which acts as the Muslim direction of prayer, runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah, drinks from the Zamzam Well, goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil, and throws stones in a ritual Stoning of the Devil. The pilgrims then shave their heads, perform a ritual of animal sacrifice, and celebrate the three day global festival of Eid al-Adha.

Tomb of Holy Prophet Muhammad adjacent with his Masjid (Mosque) in Holy City of Madina of Saudi Arabia, at the distance of 320 Kilometers from Makkah City.

Eid-ul-Adha:

Eid al-Adha is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to honour the willingness of the prophet ْت� َر� ْت� َر� Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his young first-born son ْت�ل ِع َر�ا ْت ِع� ْت� َر� ْت� َر� Ismail

(Ishmael) as an act of submission to God's command and his son's acceptance to being sacrificed, before God intervened to provide Hadhrat Ibrahim with a Lamb to sacrifice instead.

Al-Quran:_

[Saffat 37:102] And when he became capable of working with him, Ibrahim said, “O my son, I dreamt that I am sacrificing you - therefore now consider what is your opinion”; he said, “O my father! Do what you are commanded! Allah willing, you will soon find me patiently enduring!”

[Saffat 37:103] Then (remember) when they both submitted to Allah’s command, and Ibrahim lay his son facing downwards.

(The knife did not hurt Ismail ْت�ل ِع َر�ا ْت ِع� ْت� َر� ْت� َر� )

[Saffat 37:104] And We called out to him, “O Ibrahim!”

[Saffat 37:105] “You have indeed made the dream come true”; and this is how We reward the virtuous.

[Saffat 37:106] Indeed this was a clear test.

[Saffat 37:107] And We rescued him in exchange of a great sacrifice.

(The sacrifice of Ibrahim and Ismail – peace be upon them – is commemorated every year on 10,11 and 12 Zil Haj).

In the lunar Islamic calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of Zul-Hijjah(Zil Haj) and lasts for four days. In the international Gregorian calendar, the dates vary from year to year, drifting approximately 11 days earlier each year. Eid al-Adha is the latter of the two Eid holidays, the former being Eid al-Fitr.

Like Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a Sunnah prayer of two rakats followed by a sermon (khutbah, Speech). Eid al-Adha celebrations start after the descent of the Hajj from Mount Arafat, a hill east of Mecca. Ritual observance of the holiday lasts until sunset of the 12th day of Zul-Hijjah. Eid sacrifice may take place until sunset on the 13th day of Zul-Hijjah(Zil Haj). The days of Eid have been singled out in the Hadith (Sayings of Holy Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings be upon him) as "days of remembrance".

The days of Tashreeq are from the Fajr (Dawn) prayer of the 9th of Zul Hijjah(Zil Haj) up to the Asr prayer of the 13th of Zul Hijjah (5 days and 4 nights). This equals 23 prayers: 5 on the 9th-12th, which equal 20, and 3 on the 13th. In these 5 days after these 23 Prayers every Muslim (Whereever he lives, it does not matter) should read loudly, the following Pray.

Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Laa ilaa ha illallaa hu wallaahu akbar, Allahu akbar, wa lillahil hamd.

Calendars

*The Gregorian calendar, also called the Western calendar and the Christian calendar, is internationally the most widely accepted and used civil calendar. It has been the unofficial global standard for decades, recognised by international institutions such as the United Nations and the Universal Postal Union. The calendar was a reform in 1582 to the Julian calendar. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which the First Council of Nicaea had agreed upon in 325. Because the spring equinox was tied to the celebration of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered this steady drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe. Protestants and Eastern Orthodox countries continued to use the traditional Julian calendar and adopted the Gregorian reform after a time, for the sake of convenience in international trade. The last European country to adopt the reform was Greece, as late as 1923. The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included reducing the number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making 3 out of 4 centurial years common instead of leap years. Lilius also produced an original and practical scheme for adjusting the epacts of the moon when calculating the annual date of

Easter, solving a long-standing obstacle to calendar reform. The Gregorian reform modified the Julian calendar's scheme of leap years as follows: Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years. For example, the year 1900 is not a leap year; the year 2000 is a leap year. In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths. Between AD 325 (when the First Council of Nicaea was held, and the vernal equinox occurred approximately 21 March), and the time of Pope Gregory's bull in 1582, the vernal equinox had moved backward in the calendar, until it was occurring on about 11 March, 10 days earlier. The Gregorian calendar therefore began by skipping 10 calendar days, to restore 21 March as the date of the vernal equinox. Though not part of the Gregorian calendar itself, the reformed calendar continued the previous year-numbering system (Anno Domini), which counts years from the traditional date of the nativity, originally calculated in the 6th century and in use in much of Europe by the High Middle Ages. This year-numbering system, now also called the Common Era, is the predominant international standard today.

Sources:

www.alahazrat.net/alquran

www.en.wikipedia.org/