Shooting Sports Summit Mark Damian Duda & Frank Briganti Tuesday, June 24, 2008 Produced under a...
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Transcript of Shooting Sports Summit Mark Damian Duda & Frank Briganti Tuesday, June 24, 2008 Produced under a...
Shooting Sports Summit
Mark Damian Duda & Frank Briganti
Tuesday, June 24, 2008
Produced under a grant for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Federal Aid, Federal Aid in Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Grant Agreement CT-M-6-0
The Future of Hunting and the Shooting The Future of Hunting and the Shooting Sports: Research-Based Recruitment Sports: Research-Based Recruitment
and Retention Strategiesand Retention Strategies
Fish and Wildlife Populations
Focus of Fish and Wildlife Management
Fish and Wildlife Professionals
Fish and Wildlife Habitats Human Populations
Responsive Management & NSSF
Hunting Participation 1991-2006
12,000
12,500
13,000
13,500
14,000
14,500
15,000
15,500
16,000
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
Hu
nte
rs (
in t
ho
us
an
ds
)
National SurveyData
Federal AssistanceLicense Data
Fish and Wildlife Populations
Focus of Fish and Wildlife Management
Fish and Wildlife Professionals
Fish and Wildlife Habitats Human Populations
Responsive Management & NSSF
Methodology
Literature Review
Focus Groups
Surveys• General Population• Active Hunters• Ex-Hunters• Active Shooters• Ex-Shooters
Focus Groups
Responsive Management & NSSF
n = 5,040 general population (includes hunters and shooters)
n = 1,053 hunters and shooters
Responsive Management & NSSF
261 pages 196 action items Focus on Problem Solution Action items range from:
• What to understand: changing demographics and time issues
• How to communicate: legal, regulated hunting; safe and controlled
• How to conduct R & R programs: non-lethal firearms at first (“training wheels”)
• What not to do: single-parent households
No silver bullet, but lots of shot
Responsive Management & NSSF
Between 14 million and 18 million U.S. residents participate in hunting in any given year.
Responsive Management & NSSF
Composition of Hunters
43%
14%
43%
Active hunter (hashunted in the past 2years)
Recently lapsed hunter(has hunted in the past 5years, but not in the past2 years)
Long-ago lapsed hunter(has hunted, but not inthe past 5 years)
Active hunters are more likely than are inactive hunters to have the following
characteristics: Currently has family members who hunt. Has fished in the past 5 years. Has camped in the past 5 years. Has friends who hunt. Is between 18 and 34 years old. Has gone boating in the past 5 years. Has been invited to go hunting with a friend. Has gone hiking in the past 5 years. Rates access for hunting in state of residence as excellent or good. Has viewed wildlife in the past 5 years. Is male. Was first taken hunting by his or her father. Lives in a small city or town or a rural area. Grew up in a household with firearms. Was younger than the median age when first went hunting.
Responsive Management & NSSF
social support
younger
initiated by father
initiated at ayoung age
Inactive hunters are more likely than are active hunters to have the following
characteristics: Does not currently have family members who hunt. Does not have friends who hunt. Has not been invited to go hunting with a friend. Is 35 years old or older. Is female. Was not first taken hunting by his or her father. Lives in a large city/urban area or a suburban area. Did not grow up in a household with firearms. Rates access for hunting in state of residence as
fair or poor. Started hunting when older than the median
initiation age of hunters.
Responsive Management & NSSF
no social support
older
urban
initiated at an older age
not initiatedby father
Responsive Management & NSSF
Hunting License Holders for Nation
13,500,000
14,000,000
14,500,000
15,000,000
15,500,000
16,000,000
16,500,000
17,000,000
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Nu
mb
er o
f L
icen
se H
old
ers
People with Hunting Licenses in U.S. (Federal Aid Data)
Hunting License Holders for Nation
13,500,000
14,000,000
14,500,000
15,000,000
15,500,000
16,000,000
16,500,000
17,000,000
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Nu
mb
er o
f L
icen
se H
old
ers
People with Hunting Licenses in U.S. (Federal Aid Data)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Urbanization
Aging Society
Fewer Whites
Less Access
Less Opportunity
Responsive Management & NSSF
Loss of land
Loss of rural people
Dilution of the hunting and shooting culture
Less free time and more time to travel
More structured time
Urbanization
Responsive Management & NSSF
Hunting and shooting are often “unstructured” activities that exist
in a structured 21st Century.
Action Item 48. Make efforts to get hunters and shooters to schedule their activities…. People make time for scheduled activities. A campaign to “put it on the calendar” should be considered, targeted at active hunters and shooters.
Responsive Management & NSSF
Action Item 34. Do not spend limited agency resources targeting single-parent households for recruitment and retention efforts.
Trends in hunting participation Trends in hunting participation need to be put into context of trends need to be put into context of trends regarding participation in outdoor regarding participation in outdoor recreation as a whole. Research recreation as a whole. Research suggests declining trends in most suggests declining trends in most outdoor recreation. outdoor recreation. (Pergams and Zaradic, 2008)(Pergams and Zaradic, 2008)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Responsive Management & NSSF
Almost 19 million U.S. residents participate in shooting sports in any given year, excluding hunting, bowhunting, and archery.
Responsive Management & NSSF
How many of the past 5 years have you gone target or sport shooting? (Asked of shooters who
shot in the past 5 years.)
56
7
11
14
11
3
0 20 40 60 80 100
5 years
4 years
3 years
2 years
1 year
Don't know / could not say
Percent
All shooters who shot in past 5 years
Composition of Shooters
50%
14%
36%
Active shooter (has shot in thepast 2 years)
Recently lapsed shooter (hasshot in the past 5 years, but notin the past 2 years)
Long-ago lapsed shooter (hasshot, but not in the past 5 years)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Responsive Management & NSSF
Target Shooting Participation
0
5
10
15
20
25
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Mill
ion
s of
tar
get
shoo
ters Net Target
Shooting
Target Shooting(Rifle)
Target Shooting(Handgun)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Who first took you hunting?(Among all hunters.)
1
0
2
68
8
7
6
6
2
1
12
1
2
3
5
7
6
6
49
15
6
0 20 40 60 80 100
Father
Friends
Grandfather
Spouse
Uncle
Brother
No one / went alone
Boyfriend / girlfriend
Cousins
Mother
In-laws
Mu
ltip
le R
esp
on
ses
Allo
wed
Percent
Active hunterInactive hunter
Responsive Management & NSSF
Youth Who Hunted in the Past Year by Hunting/Non-Hunting Families
(Pie Represents All Youth Who Hunted in Previous Year)
Youth who went hunting in the past year from hunting
families92%
Youth who went hunting in the past
year from non-hunting families
8%
Responsive Management & NSSF
Percent of various groups with no family members who participate in hunting.
(Among the general population.)
13
44
65
0 20 40 60 80 100
Non-hunter
Inactive hunter
Active hunter
Mu
ltip
le R
esp
on
ses
Allo
wed
Percent
Responsive Management & NSSF
What type of species did you first hunt? (Among all hunters.)
1
3
3
30
22
20
13
3
3
2
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Rabbit / hare / snowshoe / cottontail
Squirrel
White-tailed deer
Pheasant, quail, chukar, upland game birds
Mule deer / black-tailed deer
Waterfowl
FurbearersRuffed grouse, partridge, woodcock, forest
game birdsWild turkey
Other
Don't know
Percent
All hunters
Responsive Management & NSSF
Trends in motivations for hunting.
9 10
3743
20 21
39
16
0
20
40
60
80
100
To be with familyand friends
To be close tonature
For the sport orrecreation
For the meat
Pe
rce
nt
1980
2006
Responsive Management & NSSF
Do you or your family eat the animals you kill? (Among all hunters.)
0
3
97
0 20 40 60 80 100
Yes
No
Don't know
Percent
Active hunter
Responsive Management & NSSF
9
10
11
26
23
21
17
15
14
8
8
8
7
0 20 40 60 80 100
Not enough places to hunt
Not enough access
Work obligations
Amount of free time
Pollution or litter
Poor behavior of hunters
Family obligations
Costs of licenses
No one to go with
Having to travel to hunt
Not enough game
Personal health
Too many hunters in the field
Percent
Active hunter
Percent who indicated that the following things strongly took away from his/her enjoyment of hunting or strongly influenced his/her decline in
participation. (Among active hunters.) (Part 1.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
3
4
4
7
6
5
4
4
4
3
2
2
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cost of hunting equipment
Mandatory hunter education
Complex regulations
Not enough law enforcement officers
Fear of injury by another hunter
Feeling of causing pain to animals
Other people's negative opinions
Not enough trophy game
Bag limits/season lengths
Harassment by anti-hunters
Loss of interestFeeling that hunting endangers animal
populations
Percent
Active hunter
Percent who indicated that the following things strongly took away from his/her enjoyment of hunting or strongly influenced his/her decline in
participation. (Among active hunters.) (Part 2.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
1233355666
111416
40353433
1716
10109987
0 20 40 60 80 100
Amount of free timeFamily obligations
Work obligationsLoss of interest
Not enough accessFeeling of causing pain to animals
Not enough places to huntPersonal health
Poor behavior of huntersNo one to go with
Having to travel to huntToo many hunters in the field
Cost of hunting equipmentFeeling that hunting endangersFear of injury by another hunter
Costs of licensesNot enough law enforcement officers
Not enough gameMandatory hunter education
Pollution or litterComplex regulations
Not enough trophy gameBag limits/season lengths
Other people's negative opinionsHarassment by anti-hunters
Percent
Inactive hunter
Percent who indicated that the following things strongly influenced him/her to not hunt in recent years. (Among inactive hunters.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
1222354108 5 3 1
8 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 3 2 10
20
40
60
80
100
Hunting e
ndanger
s an
imal
popula
tions
Fear o
f inju
ry b
y an
other
hunte
r
Costs
of lic
ense
s
Not enough la
w enfo
rcem
ent o
ffice
rs
Not enough g
ame
Man
datory
hunte
r educa
tion
Pollutio
n or l
itter
Comple
x re
gulatio
ns
Not enough tr
ophy gam
e
Bag li
mits
/sea
son le
ngths
Other
peo
ple's
negat
ive
opinio
ns
Haras
smen
t by
anti-
hunters
1995 Inactive hunter2007 Inactive hunter
Percent who indicated that the following things strongly influence their decision to not go hunting in recent years. (Part 2.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
413
813
1814
25221826
14 16 15
4035 34 33
17 16 16 14 11 10 10 9 9
0
20
40
60
80
100
Amount o
f fre
e tim
e
Family
oblig
atio
ns
Work
oblig
atio
ns
Loss o
f inte
rest
Not enough a
cces
s
Causi
ng pai
n to a
nimal
s
Not enough p
lace
s to
hunt
Perso
nal h
ealth
Poor beh
avio
r of h
unters
No one
to g
o with
Havin
g to tr
avel
to h
unt
Too m
any
hunters
in th
e fie
ld
Cost o
f huntin
g equip
men
t
1995 Inactive hunter2007 Inactive hunter
Percent who indicated that the following things strongly influence their decision to not go hunting in recent years. (Part 1.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Who first took you shooting?(Among all shooters.)
1
1
4
57
12
7
5
4
4
1
1
0
22
3
0
1
1
2
3
12
8
6
40
18
4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Father
Friends
Grandfather
Brother
Organized group
Spouse
Uncle
Cousins
Mother
In-laws
Nephew
Boyfriend / girlfriend
No one / went alone
Mu
ltip
le R
esp
on
ses
Allo
wed
Percent
Active shooterInactive shooter
Responsive Management & NSSF
Do you have any family members who target or sport shoot? (Among all shooters.)
0
8
10
12
46
23
18
18
12
12
7
6
2
2
1
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
11
11
11
67
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Son (or step)No / Nobody
BrotherSpouse / boyfriend / girlfriend
Daughter (or step)NephewIn-laws
Father (or step father)Grandson (or step)
CousinsUncleSister
Granddaughter (or step)Grandfather
AuntDon't know
Mu
ltip
le R
esp
on
ses
Allo
wed
Percent
Active shooter
Inactive shooter
Why did you take somebody shooting? (Asked of shooters who have taken someone with them who was new to the
sport of shooting.)
3
6
12
14
19
36
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Showed interest in learning the sport / askedme to take him or her
It is important to learn gun safety, selfdefense, and/or how to shoot
For fun, enjoyment, and/or recreation
To introduce the sport / to encourageinterest in the sport
Wanted to share my experience and/orenjoyment of the sport
Family tradition / want to continue heritage
Companionship
Mu
ltip
le R
esp
on
ses
Allo
wed
Percent
All shooters whomentored somebody
Responsive Management & NSSF
Responsive Management & NSSF
Percent of active shooters who were involved in the following shooting-related activities or scenarios and the percent who
increased their participation afterwards. (Among active shooters.)
4
6
8
13
16
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Been invited to go target or sportshooting by a friend
A child he/she cared about asked to gotarget or sport shooting
Read about target or sport shooting ina magazine
Went shooting as part of a churchgroup or a group of coworkers
Watched a shooting program ontelevision
Were involved in activity orscenario, and increasedparticipation afterwards
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent
Responsive Management & NSSF
Mentorship
Action Item 24. When encouraging mentoring, use the term, “experience,” such as “sharing the experience,” because that word resonates well as a motivation for mentors.
Action Item 27. In a corollary to Step Outside, support efforts to prompt children to ask adults to take them hunting or shooting…
Responsive Management & NSSF
20
56
10
2822
1919
1613
543333
0 20 40 60 80 100
Amount of free time
Work obligations
Not enough places to shoot
Not enough access
Family obligations
Have other interests that are more important
Having to travel to shoot
Cost of shooting equipment
No one to go with
Personal health
Harassment by anti-shooters
Fear of injury by another shooter
Poor behavior of shooters
Loss of interest
Other people's negative opinions of shooting
Lack skills
Thinks shooting might be wrong
Percent
Active shooter
Percent who indicated that the following things strongly took away from his/her enjoyment of target or sport shooting or strongly
influenced his/her decline in participation. (Among active shooters.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
8
9
11
68
23
17
15
15
14
7
6
6
5
4
4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Lack of interest
Uncomfortable around firearms
Family obligations
Amount of free time
Work obligations
Fear of injury by another shooter
Poor behavior of other shooters
Not enough places to shoot
Cost of shooting equipment
Not having anyone to go with
Personal health
Costs of ranges
Other people's negative opinions of shooting
Too many shooters at the ranges
Harassment by anti-shooters
Non-shooter
Percent who that indicated that the following things strongly influenced his/her decision to never go target or sport shooting.
(Among non-shooters.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Did you start out primarily as a shooter and then later get into hunting, or did you start out primarily as hunter and then later
get into shooting? (Asked of those who have both target/sport shot and hunted.)
7
40
53
0 20 40 60 80 100
Started out as ahunter
Started out as asport shooter
Cannot say /don't know
Percent
Responsive Management & NSSF
Crossover of Hunting and Shooting
Action Item 100. Realize that recruiting shooters from the ranks of hunters will be easier than recruiting hunters from the ranks of shooters.
Action Item 101. Move quickly in recruiting crossover participation, as data show that this crossover, when successful, typically occurs within 3 years of first participation in the other activity.
Responsive Management & NSSF
1 Active hunters who are likely to continue hunting
2 Active hunters who are hunting less frequently
3Active hunters who are at high risk of deserting
the sport
4Inactive hunters who may be easily persuaded to
start hunting again
5Inactive hunters who are less likely to be
persuaded to start hunting again
6 Non-hunters who are very interested in hunting
Identified Hunting Markets
Responsive Management & NSSF Responsive Management & NSSF
1Active shooters who are likely to continue
shooting
2Active shooters who are at high risk of deserting
the sport
3Inactive shooters who may be easily persuaded to
start shooting again
4Inactive shooters who are less likely to be
persuaded to start shooting again
5 Non-shooters who are very interested in shooting
Identified Shooting Markets
Responsive Management & NSSF
Action Item 62. Target young adults, especially males, who are outdoor enthusiasts with hunting and shooting recruitment efforts and promote hunting and shooting as part of an overall outdoor lifestyle.
Responsive Management & NSSF
Action Item 64. Do not assume that all inactive hunters and inactive shooters are “low hanging fruit.”• those who went only once or twice• aging hunters and shooters• those with similar demographics to active
hunters and shooters
What programs are you aware of that encourage hunting or shooting? (Among all hunters.)
0.4
1.0
1.2
11.4
9.1
6.0
3.7
2.5
2.4
0.9
3.8
11.4
1.4
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.1
0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
National Rifle Association
Hunting or gun club / shooting ranges and/orcompetitions
Wildlife and/or conservation organizations
Ducks Unlimited
Women's programs
Youth hunts / youth shooting programs
Hunting and/or shooting programs toimprove skills
Hunting and/or firearms safety program
Boy or Girl Scout
Percent
Active hunter
Inactive hunter
Responsive Management & NSSF
What programs are you aware of that encourage hunting or shooting? (Among all shooters.)
1.0
1.0
1.8
4.6
7.4
8.6
0.8
0.6
0.50.3
1.7
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.9
3.9
9.7
0.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Hunting or gun club / shooting ranges and/orcompetitions
National Rifle Association
Wildlife and/or conservation organizations
Ducks Unlimited
Youth hunts / youth shooting programs
Hunting and/or shooting programs toimprove skills
Women's programs
Hunting and/or firearms safety program
Boy or Girl Scout
Percent
Active shooter
Inactive shooter
Responsive Management & NSSF
Which programs have you participated in? (Among all hunters.)
0.0
0.9
1.3
2.1
2.7
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.3
0 20 40 60 80 100
Wildlife and/or conservationorganization
National Rifle Association
Hunting or shooting program
Hunting or gun club / shootingrange
Job training / military / lawenforcement
Active hunter
Inactive hunter
Responsive Management & NSSF
Which programs have you participated in? (Among all shooters.)
0.3
0.4
0.5
4.0
2.0
1.6
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
0 20 40 60 80 100
Hunting or gun club / shooting range
Wildlife and/or conservation organization
Competitions
Hunting or shooting program
Job Training / military / law enforcement
National Rifle Association
Hunting and/or firearms safety course
Women's program
Boys or Girls Scout
Active shooter
Inactive shooter
Responsive Management & NSSF
Responsive Management & NSSF
21
21
21
24
26
29
0 20 40 60 80 100
Program he/she knows is conducted in safeand controlled manner
Being invited to go by a friend
The opportunity to shoot a bow at a range
The opportunity to shoot a handgun at a range
Being able to learn to target or sport shoot fromshooting expert
A free skills seminar
Non-shooter
Percent of non-shooters who indicated that the following programs or opportunities would increase his/her interest in
shooting. (Among non-shooters.)
Alabama Youth Dove Hunt
Responsive Management & NSSF
Follows the natural path of recruitment and retention Experiential Annual event Community event (enforces the hunting culture) Occurs in the open Starts with small game Can observe without participating
Responsive Management & NSSF
Do you approve or disapprove of legal hunting? (Adult Americans nationwide.)
1
8
8
5
32
45
0 20 40 60 80 100
Strongly approve
Moderately approve
Neither approve nor disapprove
Moderately disapprove
Strongly disapprove
Don't know
Percent
78%*
* Note: Rounding causes apparent discrepancy in sum of those who approve.
Trends in Approval and Disapproval of Hunting (Adult Americans nationwide.)
73 75 78
2217 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
1995 2003 2006
Pe
rce
nt
Overall approval
Overall disapproval
Responsive Management & NSSF
Percent who strongly or moderately approve of various motivations for hunting. (Adult Americans nationwide.)
28
85
85
83
81
71
53
44
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
For the meat
To protect humans from harm
For animal population control
For wildlife management
To protect property
For the sport
To supplement income
For the challenge
For a trophy
Responsive Management & NSSF
78
75
71
69
60
47
42
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
Deer
Wild turkey
Small game
Waterfowl
Elk
Black bear
Mountain lion
Mourning dove
Percent of Americans who moderately or strongly approve of hunting various species.
Responsive Management & NSSF
20
27
36
41
48
57
20
0 20 40 60 80 100
Hunting with dogs
High-fence preserves for handicapped hunterswith limited mobility
Hunting on Sundays
Hunting using special scents that attract game
Hunting over bait
Hunting using high tech gear
Hunting in a high-fence preserve
Percent who indicated strongly or moderately supporting the following types of hunting. (Adult Americans nationwide.)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Would you say you are very familiar, somewhat familiar, or not at all familiar with the "North American Model of Wildlife Conservation"?
(Adult Arizona residents.)
1
72
24
3
0 20 40 60 80 100
Very familiar
Somewhatfamiliar
Not at allfamiliar
Don't know
Percent
Responsive Management & NSSF
In general, do you approve or disapprove of legal recreational shooting?
(Adult Americans nationwide.)
1
10
3
6
26
53
0 20 40 60 80 100
Strongly approve
Moderately approve
Neither approve nor disapprove
Moderately disapprove
Strongly disapprove
Don't know
Percent
Responsive Management & NSSF
Which of the following statements best describes your opinion of recreational shooting sports?
(Adult Americans nationwide.)
59
28
112
63
23
113
0
20
40
60
80
100
Shooting sportsare perfectlyacceptable
Shooting sportsare OK, but
maybe a littleinappropriate
now
Shooting sportsare inappropriate
nowadays
None of thesedescribes my
opinion / Don'tknow
2001 (NSSF) 2006 (RM)
Responsive Management & NSSF
Responsive Management & NSSF
Communicating to the Public About Hunting and Shooting
Action Item 168. Clearly communicate to hunters and shooters that their future is in their own hands regarding the image of these sports.
Responsive Management & NSSF
Action Item 171. Develop a national strategic plan for hunting and shooting recruitment and retention.
Action Item 172. Encourage states to develop their own strategic plans that fall under the national strategic plan. If funding becomes available, a strategic plan based on the national goals and national strategic plan could be a prerequisite to receive funding.
Action Item 84. Fully evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation.
Responsive Management & NSSF
Action Item 175. Consider developing an annual National Hunting and Sport Shooting Recruitment and Retention Conference.
Action Item 176. Consider developing a National Conservation Training Center course for hunting and shooting professionals to teach them the human dimensions aspects of hunting and the shooting sports.
Responsive Management & NSSF
Action Item 179. Support classes that teach students about hunting, such as the course on hunting at West Virginia University.
Action Item 180. Note that insufficient funds or resources can doom agency and organization efforts.
Action Item 181. Assign full-time personnel, or even a unit within an agency, to recruitment and retention, as part-time attention is simply not enough.
Responsive Management & NSSF
A Final Action Item
Action Item 196. Put these actions into place as soon as possible. While proper planning is essential, plans cannot be left in the planning stage without follow-through.