Sheet: Congenital anomalies of

GIT

Done by: Rasha rakan & bushra

saleem

Atresia means defect. A part of the esophagus didn’t develop

and thus isn’t present. (Cartoon #2)

Sometimes a part of the esophagus is connected to the

trachea instead of connecting to the other part of esophagus

and we call that Tracheo esophageal fistula. It can be

proximal, distal or both (cartoon #3, 4,5)

The child may have complete esophagus but it is connected to

trachea so we call it isolated. (cartoon #6)

EA = Oesophageal Atresia TEF = Tracheo oesophageal fistula

Esophageal Atresia

Trachea

oesophagus

The midgut have different development stages, and this

development may stop at one stage, so if that stage was the

retraction stage, the midgut won’t get back into the abdomen

and we will have this clinical case

omphalocele (failure of retraction of midgut)

Another stage of midgut development is the rotation, if it

failed this will cause the jejunum to be in the right side, and

the colon in the left side.

Failure of rotation of Midgut

Dilated bile duct

The pancreas

surrounding the

duodenum and it causes

constriction in it.

Congenital anomalies of biliary system

Anular Pancreas

The child may be born with an obstructed part of his intestine,

and that’s called blind intestinal ends separated by a fibrous

cord.

It also could be strained, or defect (doesn’t exist in the first

place)

A child can born or a patient comes to you with symptoms of

appendicitis التهاب الزائدة الدوديةappendix is in the right iliac

fossa, so the patient of Meckel’s Diverticulum will have the

same exact symptoms but on the left iliac fossa. Fever,

vomiting, pain, tender (pain when you press the area)

*vitelline duct is the connection between the yolk sac and the

midgut. Usually the yolk sac along with vitelline sac disappear.

Meckel’s Diverticulum = Remnant of vitelline duct*

Meckel’s Diverticulum (Frequency of occurrence)

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Meckel’s Diverticulum

The anal canal may open into:

Some congenital Anomalies of the anal canal

A. the urethra (urorectal fistula) in males

B. vagina (rectovaginal fistula) in females

C. perineal body (rectoperineal fistula)

D. The anal membrane remains closed (imperforated anus)

Hypospadias: the

urethra opens under

the penis, so the

meconium (الغائط)

comes out from here

(Urorectal Fistula)

Before Surgery After Surgery

ما فيهم حكي، يا ريت ترجعو للساليدات بس ساليدات 4هاي مالحظات الول

تدرسوهم

*Anterior of anal canal of males: prostate, perineal body,

bulb.

*In female if the baby has big head the vagina and perineal

body will rupture and maybe reach the anal canal so the

external ( voluntary ) sphincter will rupture and the patient

loses the control of defecation. So we open an opening beside

the vagina to fix the baby's head.

*PR test for examination because maybe prostate tumor

cause secondary tumor in another site.

*Pus accumulate in pouch of Douglas that cause fever in

patient so we can do examination for it by pass finger into

vagina toward the pouch so we can feel if it's filled or not. The

treatment is by make a small cut and empty it out.