Sharp contraction in global production
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The External Environment for Developing Countries
February 2009The World Bank
Development EconomicsProspects Group
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1990M1 1992M1 1994M1 1996M1 1998M1 2000M1 2002M1 2004M1 2006M1 2008M1
Sharp contraction in global production
Source: Thomson/Datastream, DECPG.
global industrial production, ch% (3m/3m saar)
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Deteriorating credit quality for Emerging Market SovereignsUpgrades minus Downgrades
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Source: Bloomberg, EMTA and DECPG Finance Team.
* as of Feb-13, 2009
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Industrial countries
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0.9
2.8
-0.5
-3.8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Q1-2008 Q2-2008 Q3-2008 Q4-2008
Source: Department of Commerce and DECPG calculations.
U.S. GDP falls 3.8% in fourth quarteron consumption and investment
growth of real GDP, and contributions to growth in percentage points
StocksGovernmentConsumption
InvestmentNet Exports
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4 million persons have joined the jobless queue since start of 2009
initial claims for unemployment insurance, weekly, 4week-ma
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
Jan-07 May-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 May-08 Sep-08 Jan-09
Source: U.S. Department of Labor.
weekly
4-wk moving-avg
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Retail sales and industrial productionoff to tough start in 2009
retail sales and IPmfg, ch% saar
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Jan-07 May-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 May-08 Sep-08 Jan-09
Source: Department of Commerce, Federal Reserve.
Retail sales
Production
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0.6
-3.6-2.3
-12.7
-15
-10
-5
0
5
Q1-2008 Q2-2008 Q3-2008 Q4-2008
Source: Japan Cabinet Office and DECPG calculations.
Japan GDP plummets 12.7% as exports, capital spending drop sharply in Q4-08
growth of real GDP, and contributions to growth in percentage points
GovernmentConsumption
InvestmentStocks
Net Exports
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Japan’s trade and production suggest more bad news to come
export volumes and manufacturing output, ch% saar
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08-45
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
Source: Bank of Japan and Japan Cabinet Office.
IP [Left]
Export volume [R]
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Labor market, consumer sentiment point to further slide in spending
unemployment rate, cash wage (ch% y/y) [L]; Consumer confidence [R]
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan-07 May-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 May-08 Sep-08 Jan-09
25
30
35
40
45
50
Source: Japan Cabinet Office.
Unemployment rate [L]
Consumer confidence [R]Cash wage (ch%) [L]
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European recession intensifies to worst in twenty years in Q4-08
GDP growth at seasonally adjusted annual rates
-9
-7
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
Germany Italy EUROAREA
U.K. France
Q1-2008 Q2-2008 Q3-2008 Q4-2008
Source: EUROSTAT and DECPG calculations.
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European exports drop at year-end 2008 export volumes: Germany and France, ch%
saar
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08
Source: EUROSTAT through Thomson/Datastream.
Germany
France
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Concerns about European banks and weaker member states mounting
DAX and CACI Index Jan07=100 [left]; IFO overall [R]
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Jan-07 Jun-07 Nov-07 Apr-08 Sep-08 Feb-09
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
Source: Thomson/Datastream and IFO.
IFO overall [R]
CACI [L]
DAX [L]
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Industrial production
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-24
-20
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
Sharp contraction in global production with further shrinkage envisaged
Source: Thomson/Datastream, DECPG.
Industrial production, ch% (3m/3m saar) Forecast
Global production
Developing countries
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-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Q1-99 Q1-00 Q1-01 Q1-02 Q1-03 Q1-04 Q1-05 Q1-06 Q1-07 Q1-08
GDP contracted in the fourth quarterin emerging economies as well
Source: DECPG.
GDP in Russia, ch% (3m/3m saar)
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A rebound in China’s output growth?
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
20
30
40
50
60
70
CLSA/MARKIT PMI:Mnf - Output
NBS PMI Mnf New Exp Orders
Forecast
Industrial production, ch% (3m/3m saar)
Source: Thomson/Datastream, DECPG.
IP
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International trade
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OECD imports almost “off a cliff” at year-end 2008
import volumes: U.S., Japan and France, ch% saar
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08
Source: National Agencies through Thomson/Datastream.
USA
Japan
France
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Imploding East Asia trade export values (USD), ch% saar
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Jan-07 May-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 May-08 Sep-08 Jan-09
Source: National Agencies through Haver Analytics.
Japan China
Korea
Taiwan (PC)
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Trade balances shift as terms of trade and crisis effects accrue
balance of goods trade in local currency: U.S. and Japan
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
Jan-06 Jun-06 Nov-06 Apr-07 Sep-07 Feb-08 Jul-08 Dec-08
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Source: National Agencies through Thomson/Datastream.
USA [Left]
Japan [Right]
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Oil prices
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Crude oil prices stabilize on OPEC production cuts $/bbl
World Bank Average Price
Source: Thomson/Datastream and DECPG Commodities Group.
25
50
75
100
125
150
Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09
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Crude oil inventories still rising on weak demand
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
M bbl
5-year high-low ranges
Source: U.S. Department of Energy and DECPG Commodities Group.
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Crude price differentials diverge on rising U.S. stocks and OPEC cuts
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-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09
$/bbl
WTI
Brent
Dubai
Source: Thomson/Datastream and DECPG Commodities Group.
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Non-oil commodity prices
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100
150
200
250
300
350
Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
GrainsFats & Oils
Beverages
Other Food
Food prices rebound in January on supply concerns(2000=100)
Source: Datastream and DECPG Commodities Group.
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Metals prices stabilize on production cuts
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
Cu $/ton Zn $/ton
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Source: LME and DECPG Commodities Group.
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Gold prices rise on safe-haven buying
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60$/toz $/euro
Gold price
$/euro
Source: Datastream and DECPG Commodities Group.
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International Finance
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January capital flows feature a modest revival in bond issuance
Source: DECPG Finance Team.
$ billion 2009
Jan H1 H2 Total Jan H1 H2 Dec Total Jan
Total 35 349 302 652 30 251 119 17 370 19
Bonds 21 107 39 146 7 53 12 3 65 9
Banks 9 156 156 312 17 151 106 14 257 10
Equity 5 86 107 194 6 47 2 0 48 0
Lat. America 10 69 87 156 9 56 24 6 80 9
Bonds 4 31 14 45 4 17 3 2 20 5
E. Europe 13 156 91 247 5 98 56 5 155 6
Bonds 10 50 14 64 1 27 8 0.4 35 2
Asia 9 93 94 188 14 69 23 4 92 4
Bonds 5 18 6 23 3 7 0.4 0 7 2
Others 3 31 30 61 2 27 15 3 43 0
2007 2008
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Several BRICs have postedstrong equity gains over 2009 to date
Total return in LCU, 2009 to date (%)
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
PolandVietnamMexico
Nikkei-225Euro Stoxx-50
S&P-500Turkey
DevelopedIndia
IndonesiaEM (MSCI)
ArgentinaRussia
BrazilChile
China
Source: Bloomberg and DECPG Finance Team.
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Deteriorating credit quality for Emerging Market SovereignsUpgrades minus Downgrades
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Source: Bloomberg, EMTA and DECPG Finance Team.
* as of Feb-13, 2009
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Currencies
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1.230
1.270
1.310
1.350
1.390
1.430
1.470
1.510
1.550
1.590
1.630
Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-09
86
90
94
98
102
106
110
Source: Thomson/Datastream.
yen/USD
USD/Euro (inverse)
Dollar continues gains against euromodest upturn vis-à-vis yen
USD per Euro (inverse) [Left] and Yen per USD [right]
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1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-09
Pro-euro interest differentials narrowas more bullish ECB reponse expected
USD Libor and EURIBOR (6 months),
percent
EURIBOR 6 months
USD LIBOR 6 months
Source: Thomson/Datastream.
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Emerging market currencies largely down vs the dollar over 2009 to date
percentage change (USD per LCU) (%)
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
Rus RblPol ztyHun frt
Czk krnMex pso
Tur lraNT$
US NEERChn Rmb
Brz rei
Phl psoInd rpe
Zaf RKor won
Source: Thomson/Datastream.
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The External Environment for Developing Countries
February 2009The World Bank
Development EconomicsProspects Group