SGS Analysis Guide

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SGS COVER 9/11/05 8:20 AM Page 3

AS THE CLEAR GLOBAL LEADER IN INSPECTION,

VERIFICATION, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION,

SGS AIMS TO BE THE MOST COMPETITIVE

AND PRODUCTIVE SERVICE ORGANISATION IN

THE WORLD. SGS IS COMMITTED TO PROVIDE

CONSISTENTLY INNOVATIVE, BEST-IN-CLASS

SOLUTIONS FOR CLIENTS, LOCALLY, REGIONALLY

AND GLOBALLY. MADE UP OF 40 000 PEOPLE IN

A NETWORK OF MORE THAN 1000 OFFICES AND

LABORATORIES AROUND THE WORLD, SGS IS

PRIMED AND READY TO MEET THE CHALLENGES

THAT LIE AHEAD.


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INDEXWELCOME TO SGS 02

WHAT SGS CAN DO FOR YOU 05

ANALYTICAL PACKAGES 06

Sample Preparation 07Precious Metals Analysis 10Geochemical Analysis

Aqua Regia 16Multi Acid (3 Acid) Digestion 19Multi Acid (4 Acid) Digestion 20Fusion 22

MMI Analysis 25X-ray Fluorescence 27Whole Rock Analysis 31Ore Grade Analysis 32Neutron Activation Analysis 35Individual Methods 38Hydrogeochemistry 39

GENERAL INFORMATION 41

TERMS AND CONDITIONS 44

AUDIT POLICY 48

APPENDICES 50

Conversion Factors 50SGS Minerals Locations 52

SGS BOOKLET INSIDE 9/11/05 8:26 AM Page 1

WELCOME TO SGSSGS was founded in 1878 and is recognized as a global leader in inspection, verificationand monitoring services for international trade in the mineral, agricultural, petroleumand consumer products sectors.

With over 40,000 employees, SGS operates a network of over 1,000 offices and laboratories around the world.

SGS Minerals Services provides support to its clients both as a strategic partner andtechnical advisor. Through our global network of operations and laboratories, we delivera broad spectrum of independent quality and quantification services for minerals,geochemical, metallurgical materials as well as coal and coke, bio-fuels, non-ferrousmetals, steel and steel-making raw materials, fertilizers, cement and industrial minerals.

The SGS Minerals Services Group has an unique base of expertise and experiencewhich is available from an accessible network, worldwide.

USING THIS GUIDE

The SGS Minerals Guide details the Group’s core competencies in geochemical analysisand is designed to assist you to choose the analytical methodology that mostappropriately fits your needs. This will direct you to the right methodology for the typeof sample, type of element, and form of that element you require to know. It also aimsto achieve this in as few methods as possible to maximize your analytical dollar.

The guide is designed to assist geoscientists at all experience levels, in the design ofan analytical program.

There are a number of ways to proceed in designing your analytical program.

• The guide is divided into a number of sections based on the type of analysis requiredas indicated in the index. The routine methods of AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS, areincluded in the ‘geochemical analysis’ section. The primary function of method choice should be driven by the dissolution process from which these techniques will be used.

• The middle of the guide depicts a periodic chart of elements with colour codeddeterminative procedures highlighted. This will facilitate grouping of elements intolike analytical schemes which can be located in the book with the assistance of thecolour coding.

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The guide details the most common procedures required by the geological communityand available through SGS globally. It is accompanied by a fee schedule detailing costsand capabilities in each particular region. While samples may be submitted into anygeochem laboratory in the SGS Minerals Services network, certain elements andpackages are only available in specific labs. In these cases, clients are notified of anysample movements which are controlled by a strict chain of custody procedure.

This document represents only a selection of the methods available at SGS. You shouldalways contact SGS to obtain a quote for your particular program. We will advise youwhere appropriate, and issue an individual quotation tailored to your needs.


QUALITY POLICY STATEMENTThe SGS organization is committed to customer satisfaction by providing a consistentlevel of quality service that sets the industry benchmark.

Our quality objectives, which we will measure, and be judged by are:

• Customer feedback ensuring we listen, understand and respond.

• Service provision compliance with performance standards and customer’s requirements, and

• Quality with appropriate evidence of conformance.

The organization will achieve this by:

• Being innovative and providing added value to the product or service,

• A committed team effort,

• Standardization of the process,

• A Management System that fully incorporates quality management and meets as a minimum requirement ISO 9001,

• A detailed quality audit program that ensures corporate feedback,

• Continuous system improvement,

• Clever and extensive us of quality control and quality assurance to ensure delivery of a service level that achieves the industry benchmark,

• Provision of appropriate staff training, and

• Periodic review of quality management and documentation.

Management is appropriately empowered to ensure these requirements are met.

All employees and contractors need to be familiar with the requirements of theManagement System and the above objectives and process outcomes.

The SGS Statement of Integrity needs to be foremost in every consideration to ensureintegrity and independence of our service.

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WHAT SGS MINERALS CAN DO FOR YOUSGS provides analytical services to all aspects of the minerals industry.

EXPLORATION CLIENTS

Exploration clients are catered to with dedicated sample preparation areas in mostlaboratories. Dedicated geochemical analysis centres of excellence are locatedstrategically around the globe in Johannesburg, Lima, Perth and Toronto.

The geochemist needs to perform quality, trace, multi-element analysis usingprocedures to target specific support matrices within a particular sample type. Thisservice is supported by a commitment to advanced technology in ICP-AES and ICPmass spectrometry instrumentation.

In acknowledging that every client’s needs are unique, SGS aim to support tailoredanalytical packages with a high-level standardised service offering.

Supporting the “local” service you receive at SGS is a protocol supporting in excess of80 geochem laboratories controlling procedures and methodology, data managementand reporting, quality control and governing activities, service attitudes andresponse.The client is assured of a familiar response from any or all of SGS laboratoriesworldwide. In the global exploration or resource management environment, this issomething to trust, and rely upon.

MINING CLIENTS

Mining clients need quality, rapid-turnaround grade control analysis for pit andunderground mine control. Mill control analysis can aIso be left to SGS responsibilitywith routine and stock take inventory analysis all achieved with industry precedentturnaround and quality.

SGS supplement this expertise in mineral production analysis by offering services in thearea of design, construction and management of on-site laboratories. No matter howremote a project, the services of SGS can be brought to site. Current site operationsattest to this.

Quality of analysis and service is the priority of the SGS group of laboratories. SGS’ headland laboratories are ISO/IEC accredited and most major regional facilitiesISO 9002 certified.


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An intensive quality program is in place to monitor quality from an individual samplethrough to the quality of the group as a whole, relative to world industry standards.Supervised by dedicated quality management personnel, the process is proactive in itsdevelopment and continuously monitored, enabling a prompt reaction to fluctuations in performance.

This pro-activeness extends to SGS’ market attitude. SGS recognise that not allanalytical problems can be solved with routine methodology. A close association withour clients is important, not only to address individual sample batches, but aIso toaddress issues that confront the minerals industry as a whole, to the mutual benefit ofSGS and its clients.

SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL SERVICES

There are several distinct stages in the evaluation of a resource that range from a grassroots exploration (early stage), to the final stages of process / grade control atmine development and operation. At each stage, the analytical technique should becarefully considered against the needs of the program. For example, grassrootsexploration generally requires a geochemical method based on a partial or weakextraction followed by a scan. In contrast, analysis in support of a feasibility stageprogram generally involves a complete digestion followed by the analysis of a specificelemental suite focused on pay and penalty elements.

In the early stages of exploration, precision, sensitivity and cost are usually key whendefining a geochemical program. Accuracy might not be as important as the ability ofthe method to reproduce and detect subtle anomalies above background or thresholdlevels. A partial or weak extraction method that is followed by multi-element scans maybe acceptable at this stage.

In process or grade control situations, accuracy becomes critical as well as precision. A total dissolution of the sample followed by the analysis of specific elements will bemore appropriate.

There are many different analytical methods available in the industry. More detaileddescriptions of the digestion procedures and methods follow in the section entitledGeochemical Analysis to assist with method selection. An SGS Chemist is alwaysavailable to assist in analytical technique selection if required.


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SAMPLE PREPARATIONSample preparation is the process by which a sample is readied for analysis. This willalmost always involve sub-sampling. A good sampling method will produce a sub-sample that is representative of the total sample. Good sample preparation practice isessential to obtaining meaningful and reliable analytical data.

SGS is committed to its customers by providing preparation procedures dedicated toindividual product classes at each location. This involves technologically advancedequipment and in most cases, physically and geographically separated areas to processdifferent sample types.

Grinding and crushing options available for samples prior to analysis are many andvaried. The choice can depend on the sample type, size and/or form of the analyte ofinterest within the sample matrix. SGS recommends that you consult with our staff forthe best possible option for your sample type before commencing any analysis.

During sample preparation, there are many critical areas where sample contaminationcan occur. One such area arises from the type of equipment used. During samplepreparation contamination cannot be avoided, but the levels are dependent on samplehardness, crushing and pulverizing time as well as crushing / grinding media used.Contamination levels can be measured and the table below indicates levels of possiblecontamination from a variety of grinding media.

CODE BOWL TYPE SAMPLE CAPACITY MAIN MINORCONTAMINANT CONTAMINANT

Standard Mild Steel Bowl to 3.5kg Fe, Cr Mo

PUL51 Cr Free Steel 500g to 1.5kg Fe Mn

PUL55 Zirconia 100g Zr, Hf Al

PUL56 Tungsten Carbide 150g W, Co Ta

PUL58 Agate 100g Si

Bowl Type Sample Main MinorCapacity Contaminant Contaminant


SAMPLE PREPERATIONSAMPLE PICK UP AND HANDLING

PKP01 Sample collection/ pick up

LOG02 pre preparation processing, sorting, logging, boxing etc.

WGH79 Weighing of samples and reporting of weights

SAMPLE PREPARATION PACKAGES

PRP85 Dry, fine pulverise using bowl and puck equipment to a nominal 75µm (<1.2kg)

PRP86 Dry, fine pulverise using bowl and puck equipment to a nominal 75µm (<3.0kg)

PRP88 Dry, jaw crush (-6mm), fine pulverise using bowl and puck equipment to a nominal 75µm (<3.0kg)

PRP89 Dry<5kg , crush to 75% passing 2mm, split to 250g and pulverise to 85% passing 75µm

PRP90 Dry<5kg , crush to 90% passing 2mm, split to 250g and pulverise to 85% passing 75µm

DRYING

DRY10 Dry samples <3.0kg , 105°C

DRY11 Dry samples <3.0kg , 105°C per kg rate

DRY15 Dry excessively wet samples

DRY16 Dry and macerate vegetation

SPLITTING

SPL25 Sample volume reduction - cone and quarter

SPL26 Sample volume reduction - riffle split

SPL27 Sample volume reduction - rotary device

CRUSHING

CRU20 Jaw crush to nominal -6mm

CRU21 Crush to 75% passing 2mm

CRU22 Jaw crush to nominal -2mm i.e Boyd, Rhino, Nugget Crusher

CRU23 Jaw crush <3.0kg, variable mesh size

CRU24 Jaw crush >3.0kg, variable mesh size

SCREENING

SCR30 Screen soils or stream sediments to -80 mesh, <2kg

SCR32 Screen soils or stream sediments to another mesh size, <2kg

PULVERIZING

PUL45 Pulverise 250g in Cr steel to 85% passing 75µm

PUL46 Pulverise 500g in Cr steel to 85% passing 75µm

PUL47 Pulverise 1.2kg in Cr steel to 85% passing 75µm

PUL48 Pulverise 3.0kg in Cr steel to 85% passing 75µm

PUL57 Pulverise 100g in agate to 85% passing 75µm

PUL60 Disc pulverisation to nominal 100µm, 500g to 1.2kg

PUL61 Disc pulverisation to nominal 100µm, 1.0kg to 4k

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SAMPLE RETENTION

RTN95 Return of residue samples, per/kg

RTN96 Return of pulp sample to client

STO97 Handling/retrieval per hour rate

STO98 Storage residue, 30 days. Retain pulps for three months, discard residues

STO99 Storage residues 30 days

MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDURES

COM77 Composite of samples

WSH78 Barren flush: used for cleaning pulverisers

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PRECIOUS METALS ANALYSISThe analysis of precious metals can be conducted using a number of differenttechniques.

Gold determination should take into account the type of sample submitted, the purposeof the analysis, sample mineralogy and form of the gold (if known). Lead collection fireassay is considered the more definitive technique although acid digest, acceleratedcyanide leaches, BLEG or NAA can be effective tools for different purposes.

Silver similarly can be determined by acid or fire assay techniques. Your particularcircumstance can be discussed with an SGS chemist and the more appropriate methodchosen and applied.

Some Platinum Group Elements can also be determined by lead collection fire assaybut the full 6 element suite is determined by nickel sulfide collection fire assay.

SGS offer a full array of precious metal determination techniques to suit individual criteria.

The following table acts as a quick guide to fire assay method selection.

PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS AND GOLD LOWER DETECTION LIMITSCODE SAMPLE Au Pt Pd Ru Rh Os Ir

WEIGHTASSAYED

FAI505 50g 1ppb 5ppb 1ppb

FAM505 50g 1ppb 0.5ppb 0.5ppb

FAL303 30g 1ppb 5ppb 1ppb

FAA313 30g 5ppb

FAA505 50g 0.01ppm 0.05ppm 0.01ppm

FAA505 50g 0.01ppm 0.05ppm 0.01ppm

FAM363 20g 1ppb 1ppb 1ppb 1ppb 3ppb 0.5ppb

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PRECIOUS METALS ANALYSISGOLD BY LEAD COLLECTION FIRE ASSAY/ INSTRUMENT FINISHULTRATRACE LEVELS

CODE DESCRIPTION WEIGHT DETECTION LIMIT

FAA313 Gold by fire assay, AAS finish 30g 5 - 10000ppb

FAA333 Gold by fire assay, AAS finish 30g 1 - 100ppb

FAE303 Gold by fire assay, Solvent Extraction, AAS finish 30g 1 - 10,000ppb

FAE505 Gold by fire assay, Solvent Extraction, AAS finish 50g 0.001ppm

FAI303 Gold by fire assay, ICP-AES finish 30g 1 - 10,000ppb

FAI313 Au Pt Pd by fire assay, ICP-AES finish 30g/5ml 1 - 10000ppb

FAI505 Gold by fire assay, ICP-AES finish 50g 1 - 10,000ppb

FAI515 Au Pt Pd by fire assay, ICP-AES finish 50g/5ml 1 - 10000ppb

FAL303 Gold by fire assay, graphite furnace AAS finish 30g 0.001ppm

FAL505 Gold by fire assay, graphite furnace AAS finish 50g 0.001ppm

FAM303 Gold by fire assay, ICP-MS finish 30g 1 - 10000 ppb

FAM505 Gold by fire assay, ICP-MS finish 50g 1 - 10000 ppb

ORE GRADE

FAA303 Gold by fire assay, AAS finish 30g 0.01 - 100ppm




FAG303 Gold by fire assay, gravimetric finish 30g >0.03g/t

FAG323 Gold and Silver by fire assay, gravimetric finish 30g >0.03g/t

FAG505 Gold by fire assay, gravimetric finish 50g >0.03g/t

SCREENED METALLICS

Gold by screened metallics fire assay, consists of: • 500g screened at 106 µm, (or otherwise specified by client) • assay of entire plus fraction >0.03g/t• duplicate assay of minus fraction• calculation and reporting of size fraction weights, coarse

anda fine fraction gold content anda total gold content

FAS30K Screen fire at 75µm

FAS31K Screen fire at 106µm

GOLD BY ACID DIGESTION (AQUA REGIA)ULTRATRACE LEVELS LIMITS

ARL133 Gold by Acid Digest, Graphite Furnace AAS finish 25g 0.001ppm

ARL155 Gold by Acid Digest, Graphite Furnace AAS finish 50g 0.001ppm

ARM133 Gold by Acid Digest, ICPMS finish 25g base metal available

ARM155 Gold by Acid Digest, ICPMS finish 50g base metal available

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ARE133 Gold by Acid Digest, AAS finish 25g 0.01ppm

ARE145 Gold by Acid Digest, AAS finish 25g 1 - 200 ppb

ARE155 Gold by Acid Digest, AAS finish 50g 0.01ppm

CYANIDE EXTRACTABLE GOLDBLE61K Active Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 500g 0.01ppm

Solvent Extraction AAS finish, Au

BLE61N Active Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 2kg 1ppbSolvent Extraction AAS finish, Au

BLE61P Active Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 5kg 1ppbSolvent Extraction AAS finish, Au

BLE61X Static Cyanide Leach, 24 hrs, 1kg 0.01 - 100 ppmZinc collection, AAS finish

BLE643 Hot Cyanide Leach, AAS finish 30g Au 0.1 - 100ppm

BLE653 Hot Cyanide Leach, Solvent Extract AAS finish, Au 30g Au 0.1 - 100ppm

BLL61K Active Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 500g 0.05ppbSolvent Extraction Graphite Furnace finish, Au

BLL61N Active Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 2kg 0.05ppbSolvent Extraction Graphite Furnace finish, Au

BLL61P Active Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 5kg 0.05ppbSolvent Extraction AAS finish, Au

BLL62N Static Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 2kg 0.05ppbSolvent Extraction Graphite Furnace finish, Au

BLL62P Static Cyanide Leach, 24hrs, 5kg 0.05ppbSolvent Extraction AAS finish, Au

ACCELERATED CYANIDE LEACH

LWL69J Accelerated Cyanide Leach determination 200g 0.01ppmfor gold Au

LWL69K Accelerated Cyanide Leach determination 500g 0.01ppmfor gold Au

LWL69L Accelerated Cyanide Leach determination 800g 0.01 - 1000ppmfor gold Au, AAS

LWL69M Accelerated Cyanide Leach determination 1000g 0.01ppmfor gold Au


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PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTSCODE DESCRIPTION WEIGHT DETECTION LIMIT

FAA303 Gold, Platinum, Palladium by fire assay, AAS finish 30g Au 0.01 - 100ppm Pt 0.05 - 100ppm Pd 0.01 - 100ppm

FAA505 Gold, Platinum, Palladium by fire assay, AAS finish 50g Au 0.01 - 100ppm Pt 0.05 - 100ppm Pd 0.01 - 100ppm

FAI313 Gold, platinum and palladium by fire 30g Au 1 - 10,000ppbassay lead collection, ICP-AES finish Pt 10 - 10,000ppb

Pd 1 - 10,000ppb

FAI515 Gold, platinum and palladium by fire 50g Au 1 - 10,000ppbassay lead collection, ICP-AES finish Pt 10 - 10,000ppb

Pd 1 - 10,000ppb

FAI353 Rhodium by fire assay palladium 30g 10 - 500ppbinquart, ICP-AES finish

FAM363 Platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, 30g Pt 1 - 1,000ppb iridium, osmium by nickel sulphide collection, Pd 1 - 1,1000ppb

ICP-MS finish Rh 1 - 1,000ppb Ru 1 - 1,000ppbIr 0.5 - 1,000ppb Os 3 - 1,000ppb

SILVERSILVER- TRACE LEVELS

AAS12E Silver by aqua regia digest, AAS, nominal weight 2g> 0.3 - 300g/t

AAS40E Silver by multi acid digest, AAS, nominal weight 2g> 0.3 - 300g/t

SILVER - ORE GRADE

FAG313 Silver by lead collection fire assay, 30g> 3g/tgravimetric, nominal weight

FAG323 Silver and gold by lead collection fire assay, 30g >0.03g/tgravimetric, nominal weight


GOLD - ORE BENEFICIATION SUPPORT ANALYSISGOLD CYANIDE LIQOUR ANALYSIS

SOL81T Au in Liqour, AAS 0.001ppm

SOL86V Fire Assay/Denver Precipitation Au 0.02ppm

SOL83T Au by Chiddy Method Ag 0.1 - 50Co 1 - 50Cu 1 - 50Fe 1 - 50Zn 1 - 50ppm

SOL85V Free cyanide, titration 5 - 10000mg/l

SOL81X Solvent Extraction/AAS Au 0.001ppm

SOL87V Au in solution by FAS, ICP-AES finish 0.001 - 0.5ppm

GOLD CARBON ANALYSIS

FAA01V Fire Assay 1g, AAS 5 - 50000ppm

ARS12D Ash, Acid Digestion, 1g Extraction, AAS finish 2 - 200ppm

FAG1V Fire Assay , Gravimetric Finish 5 - 100000ppm

GOLD BULLION ANALYSIS

BUL16A Aqua Regia Digestion, Base metals in Bullion 0.1 - 5%

BUL17V Au and Ag in Mercury Amalgam 0.5 - 50000 ppm

BUL36V Gold in Bullion Fire Assay, Gravimetric, 30.00 - 99.5%nominal weight 100mg

BUL37V Silver in Bullion Fire Assay, Gravimetric, 0.1 - 30.0%nominal weight 100mg

BUL38C Bullion Fire Assay, Gravimetric, AS351.2, 30.00 - 99.5%nominal weight 500mg

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GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS MULTI-ELEMENT TRACE AND ULTRA TRACE ICP-AES AND ICP-MS PACKAGES

A variety of approaches can be used for geochemical analysis depending on your needs. Each approach provides a unique suite of elements as well as upper and lowerreporting limits.

SAMPLE DECOMPOSITION / DIGESTION

This section is structured by types of digestion, as this is most important for making the final decision on the choice of package. There are several types of digestion detailed in this handbook. Please refer to the following packages for a description ofeach digestion.

1. Aqua regia

2. Multi-acid (three or four acid)

3. Sodium peroxide fusion

4. Lithium metaborate fusion

Typically, reconnaissance samples (or regional soil sampling) are analyzed by a multi-element scan for base metals, trace and lithological elements using an aqua regiadigestion.

Follow-up drilling, delineation or rock samples are generally analyzed by a multi-elementscan using a multi-acid or a fusion digestion to ensure the more complex mineralphases hosting the elements are digested. Where metal contents are high or in oregrade, samples may require further testing using a more precise method to achievehigh accuracy.

INSTRUMENTATION

The second component of a geochemical analysis is the type of instrument used. Sincethese packages tend to deal with many elements at once, the ICP-AES and ICP-MS aremost widely used. These instruments have become widely accepted in the mining andmineral exploration industry as they provide a rapid and cost effective means ofanalysis. Other instruments that can be used for the final analysis are: AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometer) and Hydride AAS for specific elements.


AQUA REGIA DIGESTIONThe following packages are based on an aqua regia digestion. The solutions are thenanalyzed by either an ICP-AES, ICP-MS, a combination of the two, as well as a packagefor the hydride elements by Hydride AAS.

Aqua regia digestion is a combination of 3 parts HCl (hydrochloric acid) and 1 partHNO3 (nitric acid). Its oxidizing properties make it suitable for dissolution of sulfideminerals and iron oxides. It is the weakest of the digestions and will not attack thesilicate minerals. As such the leach should be considered partial for most elements.

ICP12B32 ELEMENTS BY AQUA REGIA DIGESTION/ICP-AES FINISH

Ag 2ppm - 10ppm Fe 0.01% - 15% Pb 2ppm - 1%

Al 0.01% - 15% *Hg 1ppm - 1% Sb 5ppm - 1%

As 3ppm - 1% K 0.01% - 15% Sc 0.5ppm - 1%

Ba 1ppm - 1% La 0.5ppm - 1% Sn 10ppm - 1%

Be 0.5ppm - 0.25% Li 1ppm - 1% Sr 0.5ppm - 5%

Bi 5ppm - 1% Mg 0.01% - 15% Ti 0.01% - 15%

Ca 0.01% - 15% Mn 2ppm - 1% V 2ppm - 1%

Cd 1ppm - 1% Mo 1ppm - 1% W 10ppm - 1%

Cr 1ppm - 1% Na 0.01% - 15% Y 0.5ppm - 1%

Co 1ppm - 1% Ni 1ppm - 1% Zn 0.5ppm - 1%

Cu 0.5ppm - 1% P 0.01% - 15% Zr 0.5ppm - 1%

*Hg can be added to this package

IMS12B32 ELEMENTS BY AQUA REGIA DIGESTION/ICP-MS FINISH

Ag 0.01ppm - 10ppm Ga 0.1ppm - 1% Sb 0.05ppm - 1%

Al 0.01% - 10% Hg 0.01ppm - 100ppm Sc 0.1ppm - 1%

As 1ppm - 1% K 0.01% - 10% Sn 0.3ppm - 0.1%

Ba 5ppm - 1% La 0.1ppm - 1% Sr 0.05ppm - 1%

Bi 0.02ppm - 1% Mg 0.01% - 15% Th 0.1ppm - 1%

Ca 0.01% - 15% Mn 5ppm - 1% Ti 0.01% - 10%

Cd 0.01ppm - 1% Mo 0.05ppm - 1% Tl 0.02ppm - 1%

Ce 0.05ppm - 0.1% Na 0.01% - 10% U 0.05ppm - 1%

Co 0.1ppm - 1% Ni 0.5ppm - 1% V 1ppm - 1%

Cr 1ppm - 1% P 50ppm - 1% W 0.1ppm - 1%

Cu 0.5ppm - 1% Pb 0.2ppm - 1% Y 0.05ppm - 1%

Fe 0.01% - 15% Rb 0.2ppm - 1% Zn 1ppm - 1%

Detection limits may vary slightly between SGS laboratories due to instrumentation variation.

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ICM12B52 ELEMENTS BY AQUA REGIA DIGESTION/ICP-AES AND ICP-MS

Ag 0.01ppm - 10ppm Hg 0.01% - 1% Se 1ppm - 0.1%

Al 0.01% - 15% In 0.02ppm - 0.05% Sb 0.3ppm - 0.1%

As 1ppm - 1% K 0.01% - 15% Sr 0.5ppm - 1%

B 10ppm - 1% La 0.1ppm - 1% Ta 0.05ppm - 1%

Ba 5ppm - 1% Li 1ppm - 5% Tb 0.02ppm - 1%

Be 0.1ppm - 0.01% Lu 0.01ppm - 0.1% Te 0.05ppm - 1%

Bi 0.02ppm - 1% Mg 0.01% - 15% Th 0.1ppm - 1%

Ca 0.01% - 15% Mn 5ppm - 1% Ti 0.01% - 15%

Cd 0.01ppm - 1% Mo 0.05ppm - 1% TI 0.02ppm - 1%

Ce 0.05ppm - 0.1% Na 0.01% - 15% U 0.05ppm - 1%

Co 0.1ppm - 1% Nb 0.05ppm - 0.1% V 1ppm - 1%

Cr 1ppm - 1% Ni 0.5ppm - 1% W 0.1ppm - 1%

Cs 0.05ppm - 0.1% P 50ppm - 1% Y 0.05ppm - 1%

Cu 0.5ppm - 1% Pb 0.2ppm - 1% Yb 0.1ppm - 0.01%

Fe 0.01% - 15% Rb 0.2ppm - 1% Zn 1ppm - 1%

Ga 0.1ppm - 1% S 0.01% - 5% Zr 0.5ppm - 1%

Ge 0.1ppm - 1% Sb 0.05ppm - 1%

Hf 0.05ppm - 0.05% Sc 0.1ppm - 1%

HAS12BHYDRIDE ELEMENTS BY AQUA REGIA DIGESTION/HYDRIDE AAS

Antimony SB 0.1ppm - 500ppm

Arsenic As 0.1ppm - 500ppm

Bismuth Bi 0.1ppm - 500ppm

Selenium Se 0.1ppm - 500ppm

Tellurium Te 0.1ppm - 500ppm


AQUA REGIA DIGEST - LARGE CHARGE

This is used to determine base metals using digest solution from an aqua regia golddetermination (e.g. ARL133, ARE133, ARE155 etc.) It allows for the determination ofselected analysis to lower detection limits by AAS than by conventional geochemicaltechniques. It is not recommended that hydride generation AAS methods be used forsamples containing base metals or hydride-forming elements in concentrations > 1%.Results should be considered as semi-quantitative only.

ARA155/ARA133 (FROM A 155 OR 133 GOLD AQUA REGIA DIGEST); AAS ANALYSIS

Ag 0.5ppm - 20ppm Cr 2ppm - 250ppm Ni 0.5ppm - 500ppm

As 25ppm - 500ppm Cu 0.5ppm - 500ppm Pb 1ppm - 250ppm

Bi 1ppm - 50ppm Fe 0.01% - 2.5% Sb 2ppm - 250ppm

Cd 0.1ppm - 50ppm Mn 0.5ppm - 250ppm Zn 0.5ppm - 500ppm

Co 0.5ppm - 250ppm Mo 0.5ppm - 500ppm

ARI155/ARI133 (FROM A 155 OR 133 GOLD AQUA REGIA DIGEST); ICP-AES ANALYSIS

Ag 0.5ppm - 20ppm Cu 0.5ppm - 1000ppm Pb 5ppm - 1000ppm

As 2ppm - 2000ppm Fe 50ppm - 2.5% Sb 2ppm - 250ppm

Bi 1ppm - 1000ppm Mn 2ppm - 1000ppm V 0.2ppm - 1000ppm

Cd 0.2ppm - 1000ppm Mo 1ppm - 1000ppm Zn 0.5ppm - 500ppm

Co 0.5ppm - 1000ppm Ni 1ppm - 100ppm

Cr 1ppm - 1000ppm P 50ppm - 5000ppm

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MULTI-ACID (3 ACID) DIGESTIONS

PERCHLORIC, HYDROCHLORIC AND NITRIC ACID

Multi-acid digestion is a combination of HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), HF(hydrofluoric acid) and HClO4 (perchloric acid). Due to the ability of hydrofluoric acid tobreak down silicates, these digestions are often referred to as “near- total digestions”.There can also be a loss of volatiles during digestion (e.g. B, As, Pb, Ge, Sb).

Multi-acid digestion is a very effective dissolution procedure for a large number ofmineral species and is suitable for a wide range of elements.

AAS21R AAS ANALYSISPERCHLORIC, HYDROCHOLORIC AND NITRIC DIGEST

Ag 1ppm - 100ppm Cr 5ppm - 1% Ni 3ppm - 1%

As 50ppm - 5000ppm Cu 2ppm - 1% Pb 3ppm - 5000ppm

Bi 10ppm - 1000ppm Fe 5ppm - 25% V 10ppm - 1%

Cd 1ppm - 1000ppm Mn 3ppm - 1% Zn 2ppm - 1%

Co 3ppm - 5000ppm Mo 5ppm - 1%

ICP21R ICP-AES ANALYSISAg 1ppm - 100ppm Cu 2ppm - 1% P 50ppm - 5000ppm

As 2ppm - 1% Fe 50ppm - 40% Pb 5ppm - 5000ppm

Bi 10ppm - 5000ppm Mn 2ppm - 1% Sb 2ppm - 5000ppm

Cd 0.5ppm - 5000ppm Mo 2ppm - 1% V 1ppm - 5000ppm

Co 2ppm - 1% Ni 2ppm - 1% Zn 2ppm - 1%

Cr 2ppm - 1%

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MULTI-ACID (4 ACID) DIGESTIONS

HYDROFLUORIC, PERCHLORIC, HYDROCHLORIC AND NITRIC ACID DIGEST

This involves a high temperature hydrofluoric, multi-acid attack on a 0.3g sample for theanalysis of base metals in mineral samples. The technique is suited to low sulfide,moderate iron content matrices but is not quantitative with respect to spinels and otherrefractory minerals.

Multi-acid digestion is a combination of HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), HF(hydrofluoric acid) and HClO4 (perchloric acid). Due to the ability of hydrofluoric acid tobreak down silicates, these digestions are often referred to as “near- total digestions”.There can also be a loss of volatiles during digestion (e.g. B, As, Pb, Ge, Sb).

Multi-acid digestion is a very effective dissolution procedure for a large number ofmineral species and is suitable for a wide range of elements.

ICP40B 32 ELEMENTS BY FOUR ACID DIGESTION/ICP-AES

Ag 2ppm - 10ppm Fe 0.01% - 15% +Sb 5ppm - 1%

*Al 0.01% - 15% K 0.01% - 15% Sc 0.5ppm - 1%

+Al 3ppm - 1% La 0.5ppm - 1% *Sn 10ppm - 1%

*Ba 1ppm - 1% Li 1ppm - 1% Sr 0.5ppm - 0.5%

*Be 0.5ppm - 0.25% Mg 0.01% - 15% Ti 0.01% - 15%

Bi 5ppm - 1% *Mn 2ppm - 1% V 2ppm - 1%

Ca 0.01% - 15% Mo 1ppm - 1% W 10ppm - 1%

Cd 1ppm - 1% Na 0.01% - 15% Y 0.5ppm - 1%

*Cr 1ppm - 1% Ni 1ppm - 1% Zn 0.5ppm - 1%

Co 1ppm - 1% P 0.01% - 15% Zr 0.5ppm - 1%

Cu 0.5ppm - 1% Pb 2ppm - 1%

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ICM40B50 ELEMENTS BY FOUR ACID DIGESTION/ICP-AES AND ICP-MS

Ag 0.02ppm - 10ppm *In 0.02ppm - 0.05% Se 5ppm - 0.1%

*Al 0.01% - 15% K 0.01% - 15% *Sn 0.3ppm - 0.1%

+As 1ppm - 1% La 0.1ppm - 1% Sr 0.5ppm - 1%

*Ba 5ppm - 1% Li 1ppm - 5% Ta 0.05ppm - 1%

*Be 0.1ppm - 0.01% Lu 0.01ppm - 0.1% Tb 0.05ppm - 1%

Bi 0.04ppm - 1% Mg 0.01% - 15% *Te 0.05ppm - 0.05%

Ca 0.01% - 15% *Mn 5ppm - 1% Th 0.2ppm - 1%

Cd 0.02ppm - 1% Mo 0.05ppm - 1% Ti 0.01% - 15%

Ce 0.05ppm - 0.1% Na 0.01% - 15% Tl 0.02ppm - 1%

Cs 0.05ppm - 0.1% Nb 0.1ppm - 0.1% U 0.1ppm - 1%

*Cr 1ppm - 1% Ni 0.5ppm - 1% V 1ppm - 1%

Co 0.1ppm - 1% P 50ppm - 1% W 0.1ppm - 1%

Cu 0.5ppm - 1% Pb 0.5ppm - 1% Y 0.1ppm - 1%

Fe 0.01% - 15% Rb 0.2ppm - 1% Yb 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Ga 0.1ppm - 0.05% S 0.01% - 5% Zn 1ppm - 1%

Ge 0.1ppm - 1% +Sb 0.05ppm - 1% Zr 0.5ppm - 1%

*Hf 0.02ppm - 0.05% Sc 0.01ppm - 1%

HAS40B HYDRIDE ELEMENTS BY FOUR ACID DIGESTION/HYDRIDE AAS

Selenium Se 0.2ppm - 1000ppm

Tellurium Te 0.5ppm - 1000ppm

*Leach is partial for these elements. Element solubility is matrix dependant.

+Volatilization may occur.

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FUSION PACKAGESFusion normally involves dissolution of the sample in a molten flux. Fusions aregenerally more aggressive than acid dissolution methods and are suitable for manyrefractory and other difficult to dissolve minerals.

SODIUM PEROXIDE FUSION

Sodium peroxide fusion is a lower temperature fusion compared to the lithiummetaborate fusion, therefore hydride elements will not be volatilized using sodiumperoxide.

ICP90ASODIUM PEROXIDE FUSION / ICP-AES

Al 0.01% - 25% K 0.01% - 25% Sc 5 ppm - 5%

As 30 ppm - 10% La 10 ppm - 10% Sn 50 ppm - 5%

Ba 10 ppm - 10% Li 10 ppm - 10% Sr 10 ppm - 1%

Be 5 ppm - 2.5% Mg 0.01% - 30% Ti 0.01% - 25%

Ca 0.01% - 35% Mn 10 ppm - 10% V 10 ppm - 5%

Cd 10 ppm - 5% Mo 10 ppm - 10% W 50 ppm - 5%

Cr 10 ppm - 10% Ni 10 ppm - 10% Y 5 ppm - 5%

Co 10 ppm - 10% P 0.01% - 25% Zn 10 ppm - 10%

Cu 10 ppm - 10% Pb 20 ppm - 10%

Fe 0.01% - 30% Sb 50 ppm - 10%

ICP90BSODIUM PEROXIDE FUSION / ICP-AES - NICKEL LATERITE PACKAGE (INCLUDES DRYING AT 1050C FOR 8 HRS.)

Al2O3 0.01% - 25% Fe2O3 0.01% - 30% P2O5 0.01% - 25%

CaO 0.01% - 35% K2O 0.01% - 25% SiO2 0.01% - 25%

Cr 0.01% - 10% MgO 0.01% - 30% TiO2 0.01% - 25%

Co 0.01% - 10% MnO 0.01% - 10%

Cu 0.01% - 10% Ni 0.01% - 10%

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ICM90A54 ELEMENTS BY SODIUM PEROXIDE FUSION/ICP-AES AND ICP-MS

Ag 1ppm - 0.1% Gd 0.05ppm - 0.1% Rb 0.2ppm - 1%

Al 0.01% - 25% Ge 1ppm - 0.1% Sc 5ppm - 5%

As 30ppm - 10% Hf 1ppm - 1% Sm 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Ba 0.5ppm - 1% Ho 0.05ppm - 0.1% Sn 1ppm - 1%

Be 5ppm - 0.25% In 0.2ppm - 0.1% Sr 0.1ppm - 1%

Bi 0.1ppm - 0.1% K 0.01% - 25% Ta 0.5ppm - 1%

Ca 0.01% - 35% La 0.1ppm - 1% Tb 0.05ppm - 1%

Cd 0.2ppm - 1% Li 10ppm - 5% Th 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Ce 0.1ppm - 1% Lu 0.05ppm - 0.1% Ti 0.01% - 25%

Co 0.5ppm - 1% Mg 0.01% - 30% Tl 0.5ppm - 0.1%

Cr 10ppm - 10% Mn 10ppm - 10% Tm 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Cs 0.1ppm - 1% Mo 2ppm - 1% U 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Cu 5ppm - 1% Nb 1ppm - 1% V 5ppm - 1%

Dy 0.05ppm - 0.1% Nd 0.1ppm - 1% W 1ppm - 1%

Er 0.05ppm - 0.1% Ni 5ppm - 1% Y 0.5ppm - 0.1%

Eu 0.05ppm - 0.1% P 0.01% - 25% Yb 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Fe 0.01% - 30% Pb 5ppm - 1% Zn 5ppm - 1%

Ga 1ppm - 0.1% Pr 0.05ppm - 0.1% Zr 0.5ppm - 1%

* Leach is partial for these elements. Element solubility is matrix dependant.

+ Volatilization may occur

HAS90AHYDRIDE ELEMENTS BY SODIUM PEROXIDE FUSION/HYDRIDE AAS

As 0.5ppm - 1000ppm Bi 0.5ppm - 1000ppm Sb 0.5ppm - 1000ppm

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LITHIUM METABORATE FUSION

Lithium metaborate fusion dissolves all major components of the ore as well as manytrace elements. The ICP95A is a lithologic package which includes trace elementsanalyzed via ICP-AES. For trace elements, the same solution can be analyzed via ICP-MS. See below: IMS95A

ICP95A16 ELEMENTS BY LITHIUM METABORATE FUSION/ICP-AES (LITHOLOGIC PACKAGE)

AI2O3 0.01% - 75% MgO 0.01% - 30% Sr 10ppm - 10%

Ba 10ppm - 10% MnO 0.01% - 10% TiO2 0.01% - 25%

CaO 0.01% - 60% Na2O 0.01% - 30% Y 10ppm - 10%

Cr2O3 0.01% - 10% Nb 10ppm - 10% Zn 5ppm - 1%

Fe2O3 0.01% - 75% P2O5 0.01% - 25% Zr 10ppm - 10%

K2O 0.01% - 25% SiO2 0.01% - 90% LOI 0.01% - 50%

IMS95ATRACE ELEMENTS BY LITHIUM METABORATE FUSION/ICP-MS

Ag 1ppm - 0.1% Ho 0.05ppm - 0.1% Ta 0.5ppm - 1%

Ce 0.1ppm - 1% La 0.1ppm - 1% Tb 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Co 0.5ppm - 1% Lu 0.05ppm - 0.1% Th 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Cs 0.1ppm - 1% Mo 2ppm - 1% TI 0.5ppm - 0.1%

Cu 5ppm - 1% Nb 1ppm - 1% Tm 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Dy 0.05ppm - 0.1% Nd 0.1ppm - 1% U 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Er 0.05ppm - 0.1% Ni 5ppm - 1% V 5ppm - 1%

Eu 0.05ppm - 0.1% Pr 0.05ppm - 0.1% W 1ppm - 1%

Ga 1ppm - 0.1% Rb 0.2ppm - 1% Yb 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Gd 0.05ppm - 0.1% Sm 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Hf 1ppm - 1% Sn 1ppm - 1%

IMS95RRARE EARTH ELEMENTS BY LITHIUM METABORATE FUSION/ICP-MS

Ce 0.1ppm - 1% La 0.1ppm - 1% Th 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Dy 0.05ppm - 0.1% Lu 0.05ppm - 0.1% Tm 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Er 0.05ppm - 0.1% Nd 0.1ppm - 1% U 0.05ppm - 0.1%

Eu 0.05ppm - 0.1% Pr 0.05ppm - 0.1% Y 0.5ppm - 0.1%

Gd 0.05ppm - 0.1% Sm 0.1ppm - 0.1% Yb 0.1ppm - 0.1%

Ho 0.05ppm - 0.1% Tb 0.05ppm - 0.1%

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MOBILE METAL IONGEOCHEMISTRY - MMI SGS Minerals is licensed to perform MMI analyses. SGS has 10 years experience inMMI analysis. The technology is accepted worldwide as an excellent geochemical toolfor finding buried mineral deposits.

The MMI Technology is an innovative geochemical process that uses a unique approachto the analysis of metals in soils and weathered materials. It involves sample extractionusing weak solutions of organic and inorganic compounds rather than the conventionalaggressive acid or cyanide-based digest solutions. MMI solutions contain strongligands, which are used to detach and hold in solution metal ions loosely bound to soilparticles by weak atomic forces. The digests are formulated to avoid dissolving thebound forms of the metals. The metal ions held in solution are therefore the chemicallyactive or 'mobile' component. These mobile forms occur in very low concentrationsthat are measurable by ICP-MS.

The MMI process includes a simple yet specific soil sample collection procedure. There is no sample preparation or drying. The analysis is done on a 50g sample and theextracted solution is analysed via ICP-MS for specific elements in the parts per billion range

MOBILE METAL ION PROCESSPACKAGES

MMI-A or MMI-C Base Metal SuiteCu, Cd, Pb, ZnMMI-C is used only in carbonate rich environmentsMMI-A and MMI-C packages should not be mixed in the same survey. If uncertain please contact your SGS laboratory

MMI-B Gold Exploration SuiteAu, Ag, Pd, Co, Ni

MMI-A+B Base Metal and Gold Exploration Suite Combined

MMI-D Kimberlite Exploration SuiteNi, Co, Pd, Cr, Nb, Rb, Mg, Y, Ti, Sr, Additional elements can be added if requested in advance:Ba, La, Ta, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb

MMI-F Porphyry Pathfinder SuiteAs, Hg, Sb, Mo, Se, Fe

MMI-G Granophile and Pegmatite SuiteU, Th, Pb, Ta, Sn, W

MMI-M Multi- Element Package Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Au, Pd, Co, Ni, U, Nb, Rb, Y, Ba, La, Ta, Ce, Pr, Nb, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Ti, Zr, Ca, Mg, Al , Sc, Th, Li, Fe, As, Sb, Bi, Tl, W, Sn, Mo, Te

MMI-L Gold Exploration Suite for Saline or Organic EnvironmentsAu, Ag, Pd, Co, Ni

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As in all soil geochemistry techniques, the most critical aspect of MMI analysis is thesampling of the soils. It is critical to contact SGS lab personnel for detailed instructionson the sampling protocols.

There are many benefits to using this MMI Technology for soil geochemistry programs.These include:

• few false anomalies

• high repeatability

• minimal nugget effects

• focused anomalies

Samples can be delivered to your local SGS laboratory and forwarded for analysis.

For further details please contact SGS laboratory or visit the MMI website at:www.mmigeochem.com

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X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSISX-ray fluorescence spectroscopy has been a choice of analytical techniques in themineral geochemical industry for well over 50 years. It is the classical method for thedetermination of the major oxides as well as some trace elements. The advantages ofusing the XRF technique is its high level of precision as well as the multi-elementcomponent of the packages.

SGS has over 40 years of experience in the determination of the major rockcomponents using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The technique is available in eachof our Headland geochem laboratories. Our calibration program is based on the analysisof over 40 international standard reference materials. It accommodates a wide range ofsample materials including chromite and barite-rich materials, providing accurate andhigh quality data.

METHOD CHOICE SHOULD CONSIDER SULFUR CONTENT OF THE SAMPLES

The eleven major oxides are analyzed on a borate fused disc prepared from a 2 gramsample. This method is tolerant of only very low sulfur levels in the sample. Six traceelements can be added to this method, see method XRF76V. These same six traceelements plus many others can also be analyzed on a pressed pellet using a 3 gramsample, see method XRF75V. The pressed pellet technique eliminates potentialdissolution problems that may occur during fusion.

Trace elements can also be analyzed as a pressed pellet. This is a rapid samplepreparation technique that allows for lower detection limits of the trace elements thanthe fused disc.

Sulfidic materials are better catered to with a Pyrosulfate Fusion XRF77Z, however witha more limited element range. Please consult an XRF chemist to determine appropriatemethod application for sulfidic samples.


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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS


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METHOD CODE FUSION ITEM

XRF76Z Majors by Borate Fused Disc/XRFAl2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, K2O, MgO, MnO, Na2O, P2O5, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and LOILower reporting limit: 0.01%, Except Na2O @ 0.02% and MgO @ 0.03%

XRF76V Includes 11 majors and LOI as above plus 6 add-on traces by fused disc:Ba, Nb, Rb, Sr, Y, ZrDetection limits for majors and LOI as above. Nb, Rb, Sr, Y and Zr @ 2ppm, Ba @ 20ppm

XRF77Z Pyrosulfate Fused Disc/XRFCo, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, W, Zn (>0.05%)

PRESSED PELLETXRF75V PRESSED PELLET, 5G, XRF

Sb 3ppm - 4000ppm Ni 2ppm - 4000ppm

As 3ppm - 4000ppm Rb 2ppm - 4000ppm

Ba 20ppm - 4000ppm Sr 2ppm - 4000ppm

Bi 3ppm - 4000ppm Ta 5ppm - 4000ppm

Cs 5ppm - 4000ppm Th 2ppm - 4000ppm

Cr 5ppm - 4000ppm Sn 5ppm - 4000ppm

Co 2ppm - 4000ppm Ti 5ppm - 4000ppm

Cu 2ppm - 4000ppm W 5ppm - 4000ppm

Ga 3ppm - 4000ppm U 2ppm - 4000ppm

Pb 2ppm - 4000ppm Y 2ppm - 4000ppm

Mo 2ppm - 4000ppm Zr 3ppm - 4000ppm

Nb 2ppm - 4000ppm Zn 2ppm - 4000ppm

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WHOLE ROCK ANALYSISWhole Rock Analysis is the determination of the complete chemical composition of asample. Commonly it is regarded as the determination of major elements (reported as“oxides”) that make up a sample. This will approximate 100% in non-mineralisedsamples.

SGS offer this major element determination using both ICP-AES and XRF techniques. Inaddition we also offer more detailed analytical packages where metals in mineralisedsamples can be quantified or so that minor and trace elements can be identified andquantified.

XRF76ZMAJOR ELEMENTS DETERMINED BY FUSED DISK, XRF FINISH

AI2O3 0.01% MgO 0.03% Fe2O3 0.01%

Ca 0.01% MnO 0.01% SiO2 0.01%

Fe2O3 0.01% Na2O 0.02% TiO2 0.01%

K2O 0.01% P2O5 0.01%

*LOI is also determined

ICP95AMAJOR ELEMENTS DETERMINED BY LITHIUM METABORATE FUSION, ICP-AES FINISH

AI2O3 30.01% - 75% MgO 0.01% - 30% Sr 10ppm - 10%

Ba 10ppm - 10% MnO 0.01% - 10% TiO2 0.01% - 25%

CaO 0.01% - 60% Na2O 0.01% - 30% Y 10ppm - 10%

Cr2O 30.01% - 10% Nb 10ppm - 10% Zn 5ppm - 1%

Fe2O 30.01% - 75% P2O5 0.01% - 25% Zr 10ppm - 10%

K2O 0.01% - 25% SiO2 0.01% - 90%

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ORE-GRADE ANALYSISOre-grade analysis is the high precision analysis of mineralized geological samplescontaining percent levels of elements. When the ICP geochemical multi-element scanpackages are chosen, the upper detection limits are a governing factor to thesepackages. Often times, base metals will exceed these limits. At this point, theseelements must be analyzed using a different technique for suitable precision andaccuracy. This ore-grade analysis is typically performed using a sodium peroxide fusion /ICP-AES analyses. The precision of these analyses is better than 5%.

The techniques used are quantitative and intended for use in resource definition.Consultation with the laboratory will ensure that the proper method is chosen. Somedeterminations may require methods not listed here.

ICP90BELEMENTS DETECTION LIMITS

Cobalt Co 0.01%

Copper Cu 0.01%

Lead Pb 0.01%

Molybdenum Mo 0.01%

Nickel Ni 0.01%

Zinc Zn 0.01%

OTHER SINGLE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 90

Aluminium Al Germanium Ge Silica Si

Antimony Sb Iron Fe Free Silica

Arsenic As Lanthanum La Sodium Na

Barium Ba Lead Pb trontium Sr

Beryllium Be Lithium Li Tantanlum Ta

Bismuth Bi Magnesium Mg Thorium Th

Boron B Manganese Mn Tin Sn

Bromine Br Nickel Ni Titanium Ti

Calcium Ca Niobium Nb Tungsten W

Cerium Ce Phosphorous P Uranium U

Chromium CrS Potassium K Vanadium V

Cobalt Co Pyrite Yttrium Y

Copper Cu Rubidium Rb Zinc Zn

Gallium Ga Selenium Se Zirconium Zr

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AAS22S PERCHOLORIC, HYDROCHOLORIC AND NITRIC ACID DIGESTION TO QUANTIFY MAJOR ELEMENT CONCENTRATION. AAS FINISH

Ag 5ppm - 500ppm Ni 10ppm - 5% Cr 50ppm - 5%

Bi 50ppm - 5000ppm Pb 10ppm - 2% Fe 0.01 - 40%

Ca 0.01% - 40% Sb 10ppm - 2% Mn 10ppm - 5%

Cd 5ppm - 5000ppm Zn 10ppm - 2% Mo 20ppm - 5%

Co 10ppm - 2.5% As 0.01% - 2.5 V 50ppm - 5%

Cu 10ppm - 5%

ICP22SPERCHOLORIC, HYDROCHOLORIC AND NITRIC ACID DIGESTION TO QUANTIFY MAJOR ELEMENT CONCENTRATION. ICP-AES FINISH

Ag 5ppm - 250ppm Cu 10ppm - 5% Ni 10ppm - 5%

AI 250ppm - 40% Fe 0.05% - 30% P 0.1% - 10%

As 10ppm - 2.5% K 0.1% - 40% Pb 50ppm - 2%

Bi 50ppm - 2.5% Li 5ppm - 2500ppm Sb 0.01% - 5%

Ca 100ppm - 40% Mg 50ppm - 40% Ti 20ppm - 5%

Cd 5ppm - 2% Mn 10ppm - 2.5% V 0.01% - 10%

Co 10ppm - 5% Mo 10ppm - 2.5% Zn 10ppm - 5%

Cr 10ppm - 5% Na 100ppm - 40% Zr 10ppm - 5%

AAS42S FOUR ACID, HYFROFLUORIC, PERCHLORIC, HYDROCHLORIC AND NITRIC ACID DISSOLUTION TO QUANTIFY MAJOR ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS. AAS FINISH

Ag 5ppm - 500ppm Cr 50ppm - 5% Pb 10ppm - 2%

As 0.01% - 5% Cu 10ppm - 5% Sb 10ppm - 2%

Bi 50ppm - 5000ppm Fe 0.01% - 40% V 50ppm - 5%

Ca 0.01% - 40% Mn 10ppm - 5% Zn 10ppm - 2%

Cd 5ppm - 5000ppm Mo 20ppm - 5%

Co 10ppm - 2.5% Ni 10ppm - 5%

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ICP42S FOUR ACID, HYDROFLUORIC, PERCHLORIC, HYDROCHLORIC AND NITRIC ACID DISSOLUTION TO QUANTIFY MAJOR ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS. ICP-AES FINISH

Ag 5ppm - 250ppm Fe 500ppm - 30% Pb 50ppm - 2%

AI 250ppm - 40% K 0.1% - 40% Sb 20ppm - 10%

As 10ppm - 2.5% Li 5ppm - 2500ppm Sb 20ppm - 2%

Bi 50ppm - 2.5% Mg 50ppm - 40% Ta 50ppm - 2.5%

Ca 0.01% - 40% Mn 10ppm - 2.5% Ti 20ppm - 5%

Cd 5ppm - 2% Mo 10ppm - 2.5% V 5ppm - 2.5%

Co 10ppm - 5% Na 100ppm - 40% Zn 10ppm - 5%

Cr 10ppm - 5% Ni 10ppm - 5% Zr 10ppm - 5%

Cu 10ppm - 5% P 0.01% - 10%

AAS43BFOUR ACID DIGEST AS PER 42S DIGEST BUT FOR SAMPLESWITH HIGHER ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS. AAS FINISH

Ag 500ppm - 2% Cr 0.01% - 40% Mo 0.02% - 40%

As 0.02% - 40% Fe 0.02% - 50% Na 0.01% - 50%

Bi 0.05% - 5% K 0.01% - 50% Ni 0.01% - 50%

Ca 0.01% - 50% Mg 0.01% - 50% Pb 0.01% - 20%

Co 0.01% - 5% Mn 0.01% - 40% Zn 0.01% - 40%

Cr 0.03% - 40%

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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSISNeutron activation is a multi-element analytical technique that provides a total analysisof a sample. However, it is incapable of reporting some base metals (e.g. Pb) and it isdifficult to report others (e.g. Cu). Turn-around time is also slower due to the need towait until short-lived isotopes have decayed and thus allow analysis. NAA is typicallyused to provide independent check analyses for other methods.

NAA02VBASIC PACKAGE

Antimony Sb 0.2ppm Iridium Ir 20ppb Silver Ag 5ppm

Arsenic As 2ppm Iron Fe 0.1% Sodium Na 500ppm

Barium Ba 100ppm Lanthanum La 1ppm Strontium Sr 500ppm

Bromine Br 1ppm Lutetium Lu 0.05ppm Tantalum Ta 1ppm

Calcium Ca 1% Mercury Hg 1ppm Terbium Tb 0.5ppm

Cerium Ce 3ppm Molybdenum Mo 5ppm Thorium Th 0.5ppm

Cesium Cs 3ppm Nickel Ni 100ppm Tungsten W 4ppm

Chromium Cr 10ppm Neodymium Nd 10ppm Uranium U 0.5ppm

Cobalt Co 5ppm Rubidium Rb 30ppm Ytterbium Yb 0.5ppm

Europium Eu 0.2ppm Samarium Sm 0.5ppm Zinc Zn 50ppm

Gold Au 5ppb Scandium Sc 1ppm

Hafnium Hf 1ppm Selenium Se 5ppm

NAA04VHUMUS PACKAGE

Antimony Sb 0.1ppm Gold Au 1ppb Scandium Sc 0.2ppm

Arsenic As 1ppm Iridium Ir 10ppb Selenium Se 2ppm

Barium Ba 100ppm Iron Fe 0.05% Silver Ag 2ppm

Bromine Br 1ppm Lanthanum La 1ppm Sodium Na 0.01%

Cadmium Cd 2ppm Mercury Hg 500ppb Tantalum Ta 0.5ppm

Calcium Ca 0.5% Molybdenum Mo 0.5ppm Thorium Th 0.5ppm

Cerium Ce 1ppm Nickel Ni 20ppm Tungsten W 1ppm

Chromium Cr 1ppm Rubidium Rb 20ppm Uranium U 0.1ppm

Cobalt Co 1ppm Samarium Sm 0.1ppm Zinc Zn 20ppm

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NAA05VVEGETATION PACKAGE

Antimony Sb 0.1ppm Iridium Ir 2ppb Selenium Se 0.5ppm

Arsenic As 0.01ppm Iron Fe 0.005% Silver Ag 0.3ppm

Barium Ba 20ppm Lanthanum La 0.2ppm Sodium Na 5ppm

Bromine Br 0.01ppm Mercury Hg 50ppb Tantalum Ta 0.2ppm

Cadmium Cd 0.5ppm Molybdenum Mo 0.05ppm Thorium Th 0.1ppm

Calcium Ca 0.2% Nickel Ni 5ppm Tungsten W 0.5ppm

Cerium Ce 0.2ppm Potassium K 0.01% Uranium U 0.02ppm

Chromium Cr 0.3ppm Rubidium Rb 2ppm Zinc Zn 2ppm

Cobalt Co 0.3ppm Samarium Sm 0.01ppm

Gold Au 0.1ppb Scandium Sc 0.02ppm

NAA07VRESEARCH PACKAGE

Antimony Sb 0.01ppm Iridium Ir 5ppb Silver Ag 2ppm

Arsenic As 1ppm Iron Fe 0.005% Sodium Na 50ppm

Barium Ba 50ppm Lanthanum La 0.1ppm Strontium Sr 100ppm

Bromine Br 0.5ppm Lutetium Lu 0.01ppm Tantalum Ta 0.5ppm

Calcium Ca 0.2% Mercury Hg 1ppm Terbium Tb 0.1ppm

Cerium Ce 1ppm Molybdenum Mo 2ppm Thorium Th 0.2ppm

Cesium Cs 0.5ppm Nickel Ni 50ppm Tungsten W 1ppm

Chromium Cr 0.5ppm Neodymium Nd 3ppm Uranium U 0.2ppm

Cobalt Co 0.5ppm Rubidium Rb 10ppm Ytterbium Yb 0.05ppm


Gold Au 2ppb Scandium Sc 0.01ppm

Hafnium Hf 0.2ppm Selenium Se 1ppm

NAA08VHEAVY MINERAL CONCENTRATES PACKAGE

Antimony Sb 0.2ppm Hafnium Hf 1ppm Selenium Se 20ppm

Arsenic As 5ppm Iridium Ir 50ppb Silver Ag 5ppm

Barium Ba 200ppm Iron Fe 0.02% Sodium Na 500ppm

Bromine Br 5ppm Lanthanum La 1ppm Tantalum Ta 1ppm

Calcium Ca 1% Lutetium Lu 0.1ppm Terbium Tb 2ppm

Cerium Ce 3ppm Mercury Hg 5ppm Thorium Th 0.5ppm

Cesium Cs 2ppm Molybdenum Mo 20ppm Tungsten W 10ppm

Chromium Cr 10ppm Nickel Ni 200ppm Uranium U 0.5ppm

Cobalt Co 5ppm Neodymium Nd 10ppm Ytterbium Yb 0.2ppm


Gold Au 10ppb Scandium Sc 0.1ppm

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NAA01VDNC

Pottasium K 100ppm

Thorium Th 0.2ppm

Uranium U 0.1ppm

NAA03VEPITHERMAL IRRADIATION

Antimony Sb 0.5ppm

Arsenic As 2ppm

Gold Au 5ppb

Tungsten W 2ppm

NAA06VPROMPT GAMMA

Boron B 5ppm

Gadolinium Gd 2ppm

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INDIVIDUAL METHODSSGS has a variety of other methods that cannot be directly combined into multi-element packages. These analytical methods use a variety of classical wetchemistry techniques such as titration instruments specifically manufactured for theelement of interest. This list is only part of the classical method Inventory, pleasecontact your laboratory for more details.

METHOD CODE ELEMENT METHOD DETECTION LIMITS

CLA01A FeO Titration 0.10%

CSA01V C (total) Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSA02V CO2 (carbonate) Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSB02V CO2 (carbonate) Coulometery 0.01%

CSA03V C (organic) Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSB03V C (organic) Coulometery 0.01%

CSA04V C (inorganic) Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSA05V C (graphitic) Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSA06V S (total) Furnace/ IR 0.05%-30%

CSD06V S (total) Furnace/ IR 30-75%

CSA07V SO42- Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSA08V S2- Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CSA09V S (elemental) Leach/Furnace/IR 0.01%

CLA13V SO42- Gravimetric 10-1%

ISE07A F- Carbon/ nitrate fusion 50-10%

CLA04E Cl- Titrimetric 0.005%-1%

ISE08B Cl- Specific Ion 50ppm

PHY08D H2O- Gravimetric 0.1%

PHY09V H20+ Penfield 0.1%

CVA14C Hg Cold Vapour 5ppb

ISE06T pH 1-1 ratio 0.01

PHY03V Specific Gravity Air Pycnometer 0.01-13

PHY04V Bulk Density Immersion 1-10

PHY01K LOI Gravimetric @ 1000oC 0.01-100%

PHY02V LOI TGA 0.01-100%

Insolubles Gravimetric 0.1%

CLA07C Available lime as CaO 0.01%

CSE04V Non Sulphide Ni 0.01%

CON08V Total acid soluble Fe Titrimetric 0.50%

CON13V Cu Short iodide 2.00%

CON07V Ni Dimethylglyoxime 0.05%

CON11V Pb EDTA titrimetric 1.00%

CON12V Zn EDTA titrimetric 1.00%

ICP05 Bayer extractable SiO2 Caustic bombAl2O3 and reactive

38

o


39

SPECIFICA

PPLICATION

S

HYDROGEOCHEMISTRYThe analysis offered in this section are suitable for ground water samples used inmineral exploration, but NOT for effluent or metal-carrying solutions generated inprocessing circuits. Samples such as salt water, effluents or metal-carrying solutionswill incur an extra charge and element detection limits may increase.

ICP80TWATER ANALYSIS BY ICP-AES

Aluminium Al 50ppb Iron Fe 50ppb Sodium Na 50ppb

Antimony Sb 50ppb Lanthanum La 10ppb Strontium Sr 1ppb

Arsenic As 30ppb Lead Pb 30ppb Tin Sn 50ppb

Barium Ba 10ppb Magnesium Mg 50ppb Titanium Ti 10ppb

Beryllium Be 5ppb Manganese Mn 5ppb Tungsten W 50ppb

Bismuth Bi 50ppb Molybdenum Mo 10ppb Vanadium V 10ppb

Cadmium Cd 10ppb Nickel Ni 10ppb Yttrium Y 5ppb

Calcium Ca 50ppb Phosphorus P 50ppb Zirconium Zr 10ppb

Chromium Cr 10ppb Potassium K 100ppb Zinc Zn 5ppb

Cobalt Co 10ppb Scandium Sc 1ppb

Copper Cu 5ppb Silver Ag 1ppb

IMS80TWATER ANALYSIS BY ICP-MS

Antimony Sb 0.1ppb Holmium Ho 0.01ppb Strontium Sr 0.01ppb

Arsenic As 1ppb Indium In 0.01ppb Tantalum Ta 0.01ppb

Barium Ba 0.01ppb Lanthanum La 0.01ppb Tin Sn 0.01ppb

Beryllium Be 0.1ppb Lead Pb 0.01ppb Tellurium Te 0.1ppb

Bismuth Bi 0.01ppb Lutetium Lu 0.05ppb Terbium Tb 0.01ppb

Cadmium Cd 0.01ppb Manganese Mn 0.1ppb Thallium Tl 0.01ppb

Cerium Ce 0.01ppb Mercury Hg 0.2ppb Thorium Th 0.01ppb

Cesium Cs 0.01ppb Molybdenum Mo 1ppb Thulium Tm 0.01ppb

Chromium Cr 1ppb Neodymium Nd 0.01ppb Tungsten W 0.01ppb

Cobalt Co 0.1ppb Nickel Ni 0.1ppb Uranium U 0.01ppb

Copper Cu 0.1ppb Niobium Nb 0.01ppb Vanadium V 1ppb

Dysprosium Dy 1ppb PraseodymiumPr 0.01ppb Ytterbium Yb 0.01ppb

Erbium Er 0.01ppb Rubidium Rb 0.1ppb Yttrium Y 0.01ppb

Europium Eu 0.01ppb Samarium Sm 0.01ppb Zinc Zn 1ppb

Gadolinium Gd 0.01ppb Scandium Sc 0.1ppb Zirconium Zr 0.1ppb

Gallium Ga 0.01ppb Selenium Se 1ppb

Hafnium Hf 0.01ppb Silver Ag 0.01ppb


IMP80TPRECIOUS METALS ADD-ON PACKAGE

Gold Au 0.1ppb

Iridium Ir 0.1ppb

Palladium Pd 0.1ppb

Platinum Pt 0.1ppb

Rhenium Re 0.1ppb

Rhodium Rh 0.1ppb

Ruthenium Ru 1ppb

OPTIONAL WATER DETERMINATIONSMETHOD CODE ELEMENTS

PHY22V TDS*

ISE06T pH

ISE07T Fluoride F-

ISE08T Chloride Cl-

*TDS - Total Dissolved Solids

40


GENERAL INFORMATIONSAMPLE DISPATCH

Samples can be submitted to the nearest SGS laboratory or sample preparation facility.Where samples are transported to SGS by a third party, please ensure that notice ofshipment dispatch be sent to the SGS receiving laboratory directly. This should includethe name of the freight company and date of dispatch. Waybill numbers, number ofpieces and number of samples will ensure that we can help track overdue or missingshipments.

We recommend that all sample submissions be clearly labelled. Sample submissionspoorly labelled or packaged may incur additional sorting charges. Please ensure thatdocuments providing full details of the analytical process requested and reportingdetails accompany the samples.

All sample shipments require a chain of custody or letter with clear instructions to avoiddelays. Samples will not be analyzed until we have complete instructions. The minimum information required to proceed with analysis is:

• Company name and complete address

• Contact names

• Details for distribution of reports and invoices

• Method codes

• Instructions on sample preparation

• List or range of sample numbers

• Sample disposal / return requirements

• Unusual sample characteristics or warning if any samples are potentially hazardous

41


To eliminate customs delays, use the following information:

• Description of goods, such as “ Sample of rock for testing purposes only”.

• The receiving SGS laboratory will have customs and quarantine certification fromnational authorities to receive your submission promptly. Please contact thelaboratory to provide permit details so they can be included with the transportdocuments prior to dispatch.

• Some national authorities require prior notification before samples can be received by certified laboratories. SGS will facilitate this to avoid unnecessary delays in sample receipt.

Your co-operation with sample submissions protocols will eliminate unnecessary delaysand costs.

SAMPLE STORAGE

Sample pulps will be stored for three months free of charge. Samples will be discardedafter three months unless the client specifically requests their return. Disposal costsmay apply.

While SGS Minerals Services will take all reasonable care to protect samples duringanalysis and storage, the samples shall at all times be at the risk of the client.

REPORTING

All results are reported electronically immediately upon completion. Fax copies can besent - a fee may apply. Copies of all certificates and invoices are sent via mail to theclient specified address.

LIMS - LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

All SGS Minerals Services laboratories run sophisticated LIMS that facilitate completetracking of analysis throughout the laboratory. CCLAS EL is the standard LIMS for allSGS Minerals Laboratories and satellite operations. This directly tracks all samplesfrom the time they are received at the preparation facility until they are sent to an SGSmain lab, analyzed and reported.

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RESULT TURNAROUND

Samples are processed at each laboratory as promptly as the quality processes andworkload permit. Sample batches requiring turnaround commitments outsidecontracted arrangements should be discussed with the Laboratory Manager.

FEES AND PAYMENT METHODS

Fees listed in this schedule apply to the analysis of geological samples. Geochemicalmethods are not suitable for the analyses of highly mineralized samples, industrial products or waste. In these cases, separate fees and / or surcharges will apply.

Payment terms are strictly 30 days for approved clients. Interest at 1.5% per month willbe levied on overdue accounts. If credit has not been established, advance paymentwill be required.

SGS accepts payment by Visa or MasterCard in many locations. Please inquire at yourlocal laboratory.

SGS reserves the right to change specifications and prices without notice.

Prices are exclusive of consumer taxes and charges applicable. A surcharge of 100%will apply to rush orders of 24 - 48 hours given prior notification and acceptability. A minimum fee is applied to all submissions.

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TERMS AND CONDITIONSQUALIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

LIMITED WARRANTY

In performing work on behalf of a client, SGS Minerals Services relies on its client to provide instructions on the scope of its retainer and, on that basis, SGS MineralsServices determines the precise nature of the work to be performed. SGS MineralsServices undertakes all work in accordance with applicable accepted industry practicesand standards. Unless required under local laws, other than as expressly stated herein,no other warranties or conditions, either expressed or implied, are made regarding theservices, work or reports provided.

RELIANCE ON MATERIALS AND INFORMATION

The findings and results presented in reports prepared by SGS Minerals Services arebased on the materials and information provided by the client to SGS Minerals Servicesand on the facts, conditions and circumstances encountered by SGS Minerals Servicesduring the performance of the work requested by the client. In formulating its findingsand results into a report, SGS Minerals Services assumes that the information andmaterials provided by the client or obtained by SGS Minerals Services from the client orother wise are factual, accurate and represent a true depiction of the circumstancesthat exist. SGS Minerals Services relies on its client to inform SGS Minerals Services ifthere are changes to any such information and materials. SGS Minerals Services doesnot review, analyze or attempt to verify the accuracy or completeness of theinformation or materials provided, or circumstances encountered, other than inaccordance with applicable accepted industry practice. SGS Minerals Services will notbe responsible for matters arising from incomplete, incorrect or misleading informationor from facts or circumstances that are not fully disclosed to or that are concealed fromSGS Minerals Services during the provision of services, work or reports.

Facts, conditions, information and circumstances may vary with time and location andSGS Minerals Services work is based on a review of such matters as they existed atthe particular time and location indicated in its reports. No assurance is made by SGSMinerals Services that the facts, conditions, information, circumstances or anyunderlying assumptions made by SGS Minerals Services in connection with the workperformed will not change after the work is completed and a report is submitted. If anysuch changes occur or additional information is obtained, SGS Minerals Services shouldbe advised and requested to consider if the changes or additional information affect its findings or results.

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When preparing reports, SGS Minerals Services considers applicable legislation,regulations, governmental guidelines and policies to the extent they are within itsknowledge, but SGS Minerals Services is not qualified to advise with respect to legalmatters. The presentation of information regarding applicable legislation, regulations,governmental guidelines and policies is for information only and is not intended to andshould not be interpreted as constituting a legal opinion concerning the work completedor conditions outlined in a report. All legal matters should be reviewed and consideredby an appropriately qualified legal practitioner.

SITE ASSESSMENTS

A site assessment is created using data and information collected during theinvestigation of a site and based on conditions encountered at the time and particularlocations at which fieldwork is conducted. The information, sample results and datacollected represent the conditions only at the specific times at which and at thosespecific locations from which the information, samples and data were obtained and theinformation, sample results and data may vary at other locations and times. To theextent that SGS Minerals Services work or report considers any locations or timesother than those from which information, sample results and data was specificallyreceived, the work or report is based on a reasonable extrapolation from suchinformation, sample results and data, but the actual conditions encountered may varyfrom those extrapolations. Only conditions at the site and locations chosen for study bythe client are evaluated; no adjacent or other properties are evaluated unlessspecifically requested by the client. Any physical or other aspects of the site chosen forstudy by the client, or any other matter not specifically addressed in a report preparedby SGS Minerals Services are beyond the scope of the work performed by SGSMinerals Services and such matters have not been investigated or addressed.

NO RELIANCE

SGS Minerals Services work and reports are provided solely for the exclusive use of theclient, which has retained the services of SGS Minerals Services and to which itsreports are addressed. SGS Minerals Services is not responsible for the use of its workor reports by any other party, or for the reliance on, or for any decision which is madeby any party using the services or work performed by or a report prepared by SGSMinerals Services without SGS Minerals Services’ express written consent. Any partythat relies on services or work performed by SGS Minerals Services or a reportprepared by SGS Minerals Services express written consent, does so at its own risk.

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No report of SGS Minerals Services may be disclosed or referred to in any publicdocument without SGS Minerals Services’ express prior written consent. SGS MineralsServices specifically disclaims any liability or responsibility to any such party for anyloss, damage, expense, fine, penalty or other such thing which may arise or result fromthe use of any information, recommendation or other matter arising from the services,work or reports provided by SGS Minerals Services.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Neither SGS Minerals Services nor its subcontractors, consultants, agents, officers,directors or employees shall be responsible for any lost revenues, lost profits, cost ofcapital, or any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages suffered by the clientor any other party in reliance on any SGS Minerals Services work or report. SGSMinerals Services’ total liability and responsibility to the client or any other person forany and all losses, costs, expenses, damages, claims, causes of action or other liabilitywhatsoever which do or may result or arise from or be in relation to SGS MineralsServices’ services, work (or failure to perform services or work) or reports shall belimited to the invoiced charges for the work performed by SGS Minerals Services.

CONFIDENTIALITY OF DATA AND DATA REPORTING

SGS Minerals Services is committed to providing clients with service excellence, whichincludes a strong emphasis and respect for clients’ right to privacy. All personalinformation is collected only for the purpose of performing the requested service or ofadding your name and contact information to our database or mailing list, so that wecan provide you with information, or respond to a request you have made. Byrequesting services from SGS Minerals Services, you consent to the collection and useof this information in accordance with SGS Minerals Services’ Privacy Statement. Wedo not disclose any personal information to third parties, except as required by law orupon your request. A copy of the full Privacy Statement is available upon request. SGSMinerals Services may retain one archival copy of test reports so as to meet legal,quality, safety and contractual obligations. Any subpoena, government inquiry, or otherrequests for information enforceable by law will be complied with only after clientshave been given a copy of the request so that any action required to protect theconfidential or proprietary nature of the information can be assessed by the client.Disclose of test information may also be necessary to prevent or treat personal injuries.

Data will be reported by fax and/or by e-mail. A final hardcopy of the report will bemailed with the invoice. Records of test results are stored electronically by SGSMinerals Services for a maximum of 7 years. After 7 years, test results are deleted.

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QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ACCREDITATION

Many SGS Minerals Services laboratories are accredited for specific mineral tests listedon the scope of accreditation to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. ISO/IEC 17025 or ISO9001 addresses both the quality management system and the technical aspects ofoperating a testing laboratory. Our analytical laboratories also participate in numerousformal proficiency testing and round robin reference material certification programs.Quality control procedures and frequency are method specific and include duplicatesamples, spiked blanks, spiked replicates, reagent/instrument blanks, preparationcontrol samples, certified reference material analysis, and instrument control samples,as appropriate for the individual methods. Matrix matching of reference materials tosamples is always attempted. Copies of the current scope of testing and accreditationdocumentation are available upon request. In addition, summaries of all analyticalmethods are available on request. If you have any further questions regarding qualitycontrol in the laboratory, please do not hesitate to contact your local laboratorymanager.

47


AUDIT POLICYSGS welcomes client inspection of our analytical processes at ANY time. Weappreciate the opportunity to work with out clients to enhance the analytical serviceprovided. SGS do however, request if the client wishes to send an agent to inspectprocesses, that the following policy be observed. SGS regard the audit process asconstructive and that it enhances client confidence in our service.

2ND PARTY AUDIT POLICY

POLICY SCOPE

This policy specifically applies to 2nd party audits, including reviews or inspections ofSGS laboratories that “are conducted by parties having an interest in the organization,such as customers, or by other persons on their behalf” (ISO 19011).

This policy has been written for the express purpose of clients, their authorizedrepresentatives and SGS laboratory management. It details the practices as per ISO19011 that are expected by SGS Minerals Services that will allow clients and theirrepresentative’s access to SGS facilities and people for the purpose of client review.SGS advocates transparency and accountability, and so encourages client review, but inaccordance with ISO 19011.

CONFIDENTIALITY

SGS requires clients and their representatives to sign a confidentiality agreement priorto review, which must be signed by the SGS Minerals Services representative on-site.

AUDITOR IDENTIFICATION

Client representatives must provide documentation to support their identity and theclient that they represent (a copy being retained by SGS). ISO 19011 outlines in detailauditor competence, although SGS is prepared to forsake this if client representativesare able to identify affiliations with professional (geotechnical / scientific) bodies as anindication of their competence and qualification to conduct the review (affiliations beingrecorded by SGS).

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PHOTOGRAPHS AND ACCESS

SGS allows photographs to be taken as long as no proprietary equipment, plant,systems, improvements and /or instructions are included (rulings being made wherenecessary by the SGS Minerals Services representative). Photographs as with all otherdocumentation must comply with ISO 19011 requirements for “fair representation”.SGS will allow unimpeded access to the process and records as they relate to thatclient only. Auditors are to be escorted throughout the process by a representative ofSGS Minerals Services. The auditor / client representative will be required to complywith all SGS OH&S requirements during the visit.

ADVANCE NOTICE

So that a qualified representative of SGS Minerals Services appropriate mayappropriately accompany the auditor, advance notice must be given of a review.

AUDIT OBJECTIVES, SCOPE AND CRITERIA

As per ISO 19011 an audit program / plan that specifies the objectives, scope andcriteria of the audit is to be presented to SGS and discussed during an openingmeeting. ISO 19011 also requires a closing meeting and a timely copy of the report,that reflects the advice and content provided to the client, so that SGS can understandthe issues and importantly make appropriate corrective action. Upon receipt of an auditreport, SGS will respond within 14 days.

AUDIT CONDUCT

For conduct of the audit, ISO 19011 requires ethical conduct, fair presentation, dueprofessional care, independence and an evidence-based approach.

ISO 19011: 2002 – Guidelines for quality and / or environmental management systemsauditing. Where “review”, here and throughout this policy, also encompasses audit and inspection.

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CONVERSION FACTORSUS STANDARD TEST SIEVE SERIESAMERICAN ASTM TYLE STANDARD SCREEN INTERNATIONAL

INCH OF SIEVE INCH OR MESH MILLIMETER ORMICRONS

1.06 inch 1.05 inch 26.50mm

1 - 25.00

7/8 0.883 22.40

3/4 0.742 19.00

5/8 0.625 16.00

0.53 0.525 13.20

1/2 - 12.50

7/16 0.441 11.20

3/8 0.371 9.50

5/16 2 1/2 mesh 8.00

0.265 3 6.70

1/4 - 6.30

3 1/2 sieve 3.5 5.60

4 4 4.75

5 5 4.00

6 6 3.35

7 7 2.80

8 8 2.36

10 9 2.00

12 10 1.70

14 12 1.40

16 14 1.18

18 16 1.00

20 20 850µm

25 24 710

30 28 600

35 32 500

40 35 425

45 42 355

50 48 300

60 60 250

70 65 212

80 80 180

100 100 150

120 115 125

140 150 106

170 170 90

200 200 75

230 250 63

270 270 53

325 325 45

400 400 38

450 - 32

500 - 25

635 - 20

50


FREQUENTLY REQUESTED EQUIVALENTS% PPM PPB GRAMS/

METRIC TONNE

1 10,000 10,000,000 10,000

0.1 1,000 1,000,000 1,000

0.01 100 100,000 100

0.001 10 10,000 10

0.0001 1 1,000 1

CHEMICAL CONVERSION FACTORSFORMULA RESULT FORMULA RESULT

Al x 1.889 AI2O3 Mn x 1.291 MnO

Ba x 1.699 BaSO4 MnO x 1.2255 MnO2

Ba x 1.116 BaO Mo x 1.668 MoS2

Be x 2.775 BeO Na x 1.348 Na2O

Ca x 1.399 CaO Nb x 1.431 Nb2O5

Ca x 2.497 CaCO3 P x 2.291 P2O5

CaO x 2.42706 CaCO3 Pb x 1.15474 PbS

Cr x 1.461 Cr2O3 Rb x 1.094 Rb2O

Cu x 1.25228 Cu2S Si x 2.139 SiO2

F x 2.055 CaF2 Sn x 1.27 SnO2

Fe x 1.286 FeO Sr x 1.185 SrO

Fe x 1.43 Fe2O3 Ta x 1.221 Ta2O5

Fe x 1.57414 FeS Th x 1.138 ThO2

Fe2O3 x 0.69943 Fe Ti x 1.668 TiO2

Fe2O3 x 0.89981 FeO U x 1.179 U3O8

Fe2O3 x 1.10101 FeS V x 1.785 V2O5

K x 1.205 K20 W x 1.261 WO3

Mg x 1.658 MgO Y x 1.27 Y2O3

Mg x 3.648 MgCO3 Zr x 1.351 ZrO2

MgO x 2.09176 MgCO3 Zn x 1.49044 ZnS

DRILL CORE SPECIFICATIONDIAM VOLUME LENGTH

(MM) (INCH) M3X10-3 / M INCH3/FOOT

AQ 27.0 1.062 0.57 10.6

TT 35.0 1.378 0.96 17.8

BQ 36.4 1.433 1.04 19.3

NQ 47.6 1.875 1.78 33.1

HQ 63.5 2.500 3.17 58.9

BQ 33.5 1.320 0.88 16.4

NQ 45.1 1.775 1.60 29.7

HQ 61.1 2.406 2.93 54.6

PQ 83.1 3.270 5.43 100.8

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SGS MINERALS SERVICES DIRECTORY

AUSTRALIA

COBAR

9 Railway Parade South, Cobar, NSW 2835Tel: (02) 6836 1822 Fax: (02) 6836 1824Email: [email protected]

KALGOORLIE

37 Vivian Street, Boulder, WA 6432Tel: (08) 9093 1066 Fax: (08) 9093 1204Email: [email protected]

LEONORA

Lot 97, Otterburn Street, Leonora WA 6438Tel: (08) 9037 6007 Fax: (08) 9037 6233Email: [email protected]

MT MAGNET

Lot 384, Criddle Street, Mt. Magnet, WA 6638Tel: (08) 9963 4911 Fax: (08) 9963 4900Email: [email protected]

PERTH

50 Murray Road, Welshpool, WA 6106Tel: (08) 9458 7999 Fax: (08) 9458 2922Email: [email protected]

TOWNSVILLE

50 Leyland Street, Garbutt, QLD 4814Tel: (07) 4725 2311 Fax: (07) 4779 7947Email: [email protected]

WEST WYALONG

Lot 9, Gelling Street, West Wyalong, NSW 2671Tel: 0418 944 852 Email: [email protected]

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53

LOCATIO

NS

BRAZIL

BELO HORIZONTE

SGS Geosol Laboratories LtdRua Sao Vicente, 255 - Bloco BBairro Olhos D’AguaBelo Horizonte Minas GeriasTel: ++ 55 31 2122 0022Fax: ++ 55 31 2122 0023Email: [email protected]

PARAUAPEBAS

SGS Geosol Laboratories LtdRua B, No. 50Bairro Cicdade NovaParauapebas, ParaTel: ++ 55 94 346 1773 or 346 6644Fax: ++ 55 94 346 2301Email: [email protected]

NORTH AMERICA

LAKEFIELD

185 Concession Street, Lakefield, Ontario KOL 2HO, CanadaTel: ++ 1 705 652 2000Fax: ++ 1 705 652 6365Email: [email protected]

TORONTO

1885 Leslie Street, Toronto, Ontario M3B 3J4, CanadaTel: ++ 1 416 445 5755Fax: ++ 1 416 445 4152Email: [email protected]

RED LAKE

16A Young Street, Red Lake, Ontario, POV 2MO, CanadaTel: ++ 1 807 727 2939Fax: ++ 1 807 727 3183Email: [email protected]

ROUYN

129 Avenue. Marcel Baril, Rouyn - Noranda, Quebec, J9X 7B9, CanadaTel: ++ 1 819 764 9108Fax: ++ 1 819 764 4673Email: [email protected]

SUDBURY

1209 O’Neil Drive WestGarson, Ontario, P3L 1L5, CanadaTel: ++ 1 705 693 4555Fax: ++ 1 705 693 1678Email: [email protected]


CHILE

SANTIAGO

Puerto Madero 9600Parque Industrial Puerto SantiagoPudahuel – Santiago – ChileTel: ++ 56 2 747 0140Fax: ++ 56 2 747 0144Email: [email protected]

CHINATIANJIN

SGS-CSTC Minerals LaboratoryC1-8 to 9, 1/F, No.41Katai Business Incubation BuildingThe 5th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin China 300457Tel: ++ 86 22 2570 6709Fax: ++ 86 22 2570 6708Email: [email protected]

KUNMING

SGS-CSTC Minerals LaboratorySouth Side of Xiaokang Road, Gelin Shengtai ParkLiujia Guandu District, Kunming, Yunnan, China 650214Tel: ++ 86 871 732 1558Fax: ++ 86 871 732 1068Email: [email protected]

GHANA

BIBIANI

C/o Ashanti Goldfields (Bibiani Ltd), Old Mill Area, Bibiani Western Region, GhanaTel/Fax: (++) 233 24 422589Tel: (++) 233 21 770 147 Ext. 2231Mobile: (++) 223 24 370 844Email: [email protected]

TARKWA

Jerusalem Junction, Bankyim, Tarkwa, Western Region, GhanaPO Box 38 Tarkwa, GhanaTel: ++ 233 362 20212Fax: ++ 233 362 20289Email: [email protected]

GUINEA

SIGUIRI

C/o Siguiri Gold Mine (SAG)Cite Koron, Siguiri, Republique de GuineeTel: ++ 224 11 254079 Ext 1514Cell: ++ 224 11 253733Email: [email protected]

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55

LOCATIO

NS

INDONESIA

BALIKPAPAN

PT SGS Indo Assay LaboratoriesJl Mulawarman No. 45 RT 38/RW 12, Kelurahan ManggarKecamatan Balikpapan TimurBalikpapan 76116Kalimantan Timur, IndonesiaTel: ++ 62 542 772135, 772136, 772137Fax: ++ 62 542 772139Email: [email protected]

MALI

KAYES

Porte 2771, Rue 120 MagdeburgBP 419 Quarantine Kayes MaliTel/Fax: ++ 223 252 1271Fax: ++ 223 52 1271Mob: ++ 223 674 6239Email: [email protected]

MONGOLIA

ULAANBAATAR

Barmash Building, Chinggis Avenue, Han-Uul District, Ulaanbaatar 36, MongoliaTel/Fax: ++ 976 11 344 415Email: [email protected]

NEW ZEALAND

WAIHI

43 Victoria Street Waihi, New ZealandTel: ++ 64 7 863 8969Fax: ++ 64 7 863 6019.Email: [email protected]

PERU

CALLAO

Avenue Elmer Faucett, 3348, Callao 1 (Lima) PeruTel: ++ 51 1 575 2702Fax: ++ 51 1 574 1600Email: [email protected]


SOUTH AFRICA

BARBERTON

2 MacPherson Street, Barberton, Mpumalanga,Republic of South AfricaTel: ++ 27 13 712 6704Fax: ++ 27 13 712 6706Email: [email protected]

BOOYSENS- JOHANNESBURG

58 Melvill Street, Booysens, PO Box 02502, Southdale,Johannesburg 2091, Republic of South AfricaTel: ++ 27 11 680 3466Fax: ++ 27 11 433 3654Email: [email protected]

TANZANIA

MWANZA

Nyanza Glass Works, Shinyanga Road, PO Box 1826, Mwanza,TanzaniaTel: ++ 255 28 2550861 / 2550836Fax: ++ 255 28 2550863Email: [email protected]

USA

ELKO

680 Zaga Way, Elko, Nevada, 89801 USATel: ++ 1 775 738 7900Fax: ++ 1 775 738 7900Email: [email protected]

MEXICO

DURANGO

2da. Calle de Selenio Esquina AluminoCiudad Industrial, 34208 DurangoDurango, MexicoTel: ++ 52 618 814 3880Fax: ++ 52 618 814 3883Email: [email protected]

VENEZUELA

BOLIVAR

Calle MartiNo. 14-51 Tumeremo, EdoBolivar, VenezuelaTel/Fax: ++ 11 58 286 961 0694Email: [email protected]

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