Sexual violence prevention thesis paper

Running head: SEXUAL VOICENCE PREVENTION 1

Sexual Violence Prevention within the Afro-Hispanic Male Community

Anthony Wallace

P.C.D.I. Healthcare and Consultants of Texas, LLC

04/22/2014

SEXUAL VOICENCE PREVENTION 2

Abstract

Male rape is a growing problem in the UK and in the United States. Male rapes are

considered by social standards as taboo or unrealistic. Our society as a blended culture may

believe that male rape is a wanted advance because men have the physiological ability to

fight off their predecessors. The medical community often turns victims who seek

counseling and other medical services away. This essay will educate the reader about male

rape, its effects on male masculinity and psychological wellness, and health and wellness

approaches to male rapes. The essay will invite the reader to explore further research in this

growing trend of violent behavior. Present research may provide key evidence-based

resources that may become paramount in saving male rape victims on a global scale.


Introduction

Male rape is the only crime that most victims will not report to the authorities for fear

of rejection and shame (Daniels, 2011). The global impact of rape has caused much turmoil

among adults who are in the media spotlight on a daily basis. The population of males in

the Afro-Hispanic community are at risk for rapes due to environmental and media

influences. The social influences of rape maybe a product of child molestation or the

ideology to control weaker individuals. Male rapes in the United States may present higher

rapes statistics than female rapes (Abdullah-Khan, 2008).

The impact of male rape may affect the victim’s hypermasculine expectations that

American society places on men, especially in African-American and Latino communities

(Daniels, 2011). The act of rape can cause the victim to question his masculinity, especially

if he is married with children. Male rape victims suffer the same aftermath of trauma and

humiliation as women, but they are more reluctant to admit that they have been assaulted

and to seek help (Collins, 2014). Society tends to believe that male rape is a fictional notion

that only happens to homosexual men. Male rape is rape! There are no other opinions that

matter when a male victim is assaulted and left to pick up their emotions like pieces of a

puzzle.

Healthcare professionals must offer the same medical services to male victims as to

female rape victims (AllAfrica.com, 2012). Medical services are only offered to female

victims, but male victims are turned away and teased (AllAfrica.com, 2012). The action

taken by trusted healthcare professionals is a disgrace to the medical profession! In the

African nations, many male victims have reported incidents of rape. Consequently, the

victims are turned away and labeled as homosexuals. Events such as rape can cause a man


to contemplate suicide based on the perception of society, especially those that are in the

fields of medicine and ministry.

This essay will inform the reader about the emotional and physical impact of rape.

The information used in the essay will provide a foundation for further research in this area.

It is paramount that community advocates raise awareness about male rapes. Activism may

cause more service providers to address male rapes with collaborative outreach services for

this particular demographic.

Literature Review

In African, 30 cases of rape mostly capture refugees who have escaped from conflict

zones were reported to the local authorities. Most rape victims will not speak about being

raped for fear of being branded by society as homosexuals. Some victims in Islamic

countries may even face criminal charges for being raped. Rape in this instance is used as a

weapon of war in many combat zones and prison cells (AllAfrica.com, 2011). Older

lieutenants also raped male prisoners as teenagers as a way to make the younger male

submit to authority. Some of the males survived the rape incidents, while other died from

internal injuries and infection (Boffard, 2012) Research has pointed out that male rapes

were used in wartime as a weapon to instill fear into the enemy. In the Congo and other

areas of Africa, male rape caused many males to hide this dark secret for fear of segregation

from the group (AllAfrica.com, 2011).

Male victims need counseling and follow-up medical care to forgive the assailant and

to progress in the healing process. Rape can occur anywhere and to anyone that is

vulnerable. Our communities must be aware of the times that rape can occur to both male

and female. Healthcare professionals must remain competent regarding male rape statistics


and quality care protocols. According to the studies conducted in Ireland, male rapes can

occur globally especially with younger males because of the lack of defenses (Braiden,

1995). This article was based on societal perceptions of the Darwinism theory, survival of

the fittest.

Child molestation in males can occur much more frequently than in adult males. Most

juveniles are assaulted by staff members working in the correctional facility. Statistics show

that 20% of the juvenile population is victimized by staff that protect and counsel them. Out

of 8,500 boys and girls, only 1,720 surveyed reported being sexual assaulted (Sapien,

2013). It is believed by social standards that males who have been sexually assaulted may

sexually assault other young boys as well.

After gathering all of the research data, I have concluded that rape can cause a

dramatic retard reaction in the physiology of brain synapses. Younger males must be

educated about rape prevention and counseling. Forgiveness therapy is the best approach

when counseling male rape victims. Educating the community regarding signs of rape and

the community resources available to rape victims may greatly reduce the emotional and

physiological burdens that most male rapes victims carry.

Education Implementation and Review

The education portion of this essay will prove resources are needed for male rape

victims. Male rapes are considered fictional fragmentations of the mind of the male that is

reporting the crime. Society feels that a man should have the ability to fight off his

assailant, but this may not be true for many reasons (Abdullah-Khan, 2008). The education

plan will give the reader some insight on statistical data, resource management,

demographic specific pedagogy, and relational group therapy.


A portion of my essay was extracted from my previous education plan during week

five assignment. The portion that was extracted is relevant to the objectives for this

assignment regarding educational planning and evaluation in quality service for male rape

victims. Quality service will establish the complexity and behavior modification within the

targeted community.

The chart below represents the structure of the education program along with the

goals and objectives for each session. According to the abuse, rape, and domestic violence

aid, and resource collection website, victims of rape tend to go through the cycle of

emotions before healing can begin (AARDVARC, 2011).

Shock This is the initial reaction to rape

Denial This is the stage in which the patient does

a question and answer session. (e.g. why

and how)

Blaming The patients will begin to blame self and

other people for the sexual assault.

Pain The patient will begin to grieve, causing

physical and emotional pain

Anger The patient will begin to become feel

anger toward the perpetrator and with their

inner self for the incident.

Acceptance The patient will begin to accept the

incident and move toward recovery


This chart illustrates the need for qualified services to aid the patient through his or her

wellness journey (AARDVARC, 2011).

Counseling and other services, such as HIV testing and supportive medical services,

should be offered to the patient immediately (Collins, 2014). During the healing process,

patients should address the spiritual ramifications of rape as an opportunity to find

forgiveness in their hearts. When a person is raped, the victim often feels empty, shamed,

and degraded (Bowman, 2013). Counseling services for male rape victims may be awkward

for some counselors who give a generic approach to every patient. Male patients may

question their masculinity after a rape (Daniels, 2011). The male patients may be reluctant

to seek health care services because of self-judgment.

Counselors must comfort male rape victims as men and not as female patients.

Counseling services for rape male rape victims should never be considered a one-size fits

all. Healthcare workers must address the spirit, the emotions, and the physical rehabilitation

within the teaching plan. The plan will aid the client within each session. In group sessions,

some clients may require more individualized counseling. Therefore, these patients should

be referred to a counseling professional immediately.

The chart below represents an example of a teaching plan for the upcoming sessions.

The education plan will provide comfort and psychological care to rape victims while

establishing standard quality care protocols that can be used within the healthcare industry.

The sessions, as described in my previous essay, will inform the targeted communities

about the dangers of male rapes and the pragmatic medical and psychiatric issues related to

the aftermath of the event. The program introduces a slow integration of forgiveness

therapy, therapeutic trust, and destroying fear.


Education is the key to the prevention of rapes in males and females. Rapes among

males are much more damaging than in females because of the impact in the victim’s

masculinity complex (Daniels, 2011). The plan will establish a group network of male rape

victims to comfort one another when distorted thoughts began to surface in the minds of the

rape victims.

Education Modeling

For this education presentation, I will use the social ecological model to raise

awareness regarding male assaults. The social ecological model approaches health

promotion, the interplay between environmental resources and the health habits and

environments that promote or hinder well-being (Pender, 2011). Some crimes are

committed due to learned behavior as a child. In the Congo, young boys were recruited as

soldiers to fight in the rebel wars. The boys shoot and kill other citizens, rape the women

and other boys, and commit other crimes assigned by the lieutenant. Most of the boys were

raped at a young age as a submission to the lieutenant (Murdock, 2011).

This model will prove that educating the community, we may lower the chances of

male and female rapes, formulate a justice systems that will investigate male rapes as true

crimes, and establish resource management for medical and counseling services. The model

will also serve as a platform in establishing solid research to aid more male rape victims.

Education Seminars and Counseling Sessions

Week 1

Education Seminar, History and

etiology of rape, community

awareness and initial assessment and

The group will conduct their formal

introductions to group and moderator.

The group will learn the purpose and

objectives of the group. We will


survey establish ground rules of confidentiality

and respect towards other participants.

Participants will establish

sponsor/buddy to talk to outside the

group when need. This will teach the

participants to establish their own

community instead of seeking

affirmation from others in the

surrounding communities. The

moderator will explore the history and

the etiology of rape with the

surrounding communities.

HW: Establish a baseline

communication with sponsor. This may

prevent resistance during the sessions.

Week 2

Communication within the groups and

dyads

The class will establish communication

within the group by open floor methods

regarding the rape, judgment of others

in the group, and address other forms of

conflict (Corey, 2014).

We will also explore options of buddy

pairing and dyad work

HW: establish a baseline of forgiveness


and spiritual healing. Find methods of

dealing with post traumatic stress

(cooking , cleaning, taking a drive in a

car, etc)

Week 3

Traumatic Stress

Conduct intensive therapy within the

group by conducting self-imagery to

relax the mind-body and work on trust

issues.

The class will conduct another open

floor exercise as well as journaling

exercise to promote forgiveness and

release negative energy.

HW: self-journal writing of the event

that took place and letter writing of

forgiveness to the perpetrator.

Week 4

Wrap-up

This session will focus on continuum

care for traumatic victims. Some group

members may be referred to a

psychiatrist/psychologist if traumatic

symptoms are acute and unstable.

The program will also give resource

literature to the participants such as

RAINN pamphlets, research literature,


medical and further counseling, and

state and federal justice advocates to

aid in prosecuting their assailants.

HW: formulate trust within the justice

system and continue with the stages of

healing for rape victims.

Conclusions

Conducting the research was the most insightful process that I have ever experienced.

Male rape has affected many men across the globe with physical and emotional trauma.

Society’s views on this subject are mistaken and must be corrected with education.

Preventive health education is the key to health and wellness. The subject of male rape may

be taboo in many countries including some parts of the United States. Health care

professionals must raise awareness within the community in effort to confront male

assailants and comfort closeted victims.

Male rape victims will not come forward because of the allegations of being a

homosexual (Murdock, 2011). Therefore, healthcare professionals must counsel these

patients as individuals. Group therapy in most cases may not be an acceptable approach

because of local laws associated with sodomy. The approach to relieving male suffering is

to ensure that safety and conflict has been addressed before group therapy can bring (Corey,

2014). For example, in the United States, male rapes occur more often in the armed forces

than in the public (UPI, 2012). Many rape victims that are in the armed forces may face


retaliation for coming forward. The assailant may be a high-ranking official, which may

cause the victim’s testimony to be ignored.

The objective of the essay is to educate and inspire my readers to see the light of

forgiveness and achieve a sense of strong will that the rapist cannot break. Rape victims

may feel as if people are pointing the finger at them, but it is just a mind-altering experience

that leads to self-judgment and emotional destruction. I recommend public service

announcements geared toward male rape victims. Healthcare professionals must establish

social services programs that will aid in the recovery of emotional masculinity


References

AARDVARC. (2011). Stages of healing process. Retrieved from Stages of Healing :

http://www.aardvarc.org/rape/about/healing.shtml

Abdullah-Khan, N. (2008). Male rape: The emergence of social and legal issue.

Basingstoke, Hampshire, GBR: Palgrave Macmillan.

AllAfrica.com. (2011). Unreported horrors - Male rape. Retrieved from ProQuest :

http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/903803480

AllAfrica.com. (2012). Male rape survivors demand equal services. Retrieved from

Proquest:http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/1223347628

Boffard, R. (2012). Victory for male rape . Retrieved from TheSouthAfrican.com :

http://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/victory-for-male-rape.htm

Bowman, T. (2013). Shame, guilt, and christian counseling: An attachment-based

perspective. Retrieved from American Association of Christian Counselors :

http://www.aacc.net/2013/10/29/shame-guilt-and-christian-counseling-an-

attachment-based-perspective/

Braiden, O. (1995). Male victims of rape. Retrieved from Proquest:


Collins, G. (2014). Counseling male rape victims. Retrieved from ProQuest:


Corey, G. C. (2014). Groups in action: Evolution and challenges 2nd (ed). Belmont, CA:

Brooks/Cole Learning .

Daniels, A. (2011). Men get raped too. Retrieved from Revolutionary Paideia :

http://revolutionarypaideia.com/2011/03/11/men-get-raped-too/


Dysert, G. (2012). Rape and spiritual death . Feminist Theology, Sage Publishers, 209-10.

Murdock, H. (2011). Rape in congo devastates male victims. Retrieved from Voice of

America: http://www.voanews.com/content/rape-in-congo-devastates-male-victims-

134117048/148375.html

Pender, N. M. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice 6th (ed). Upper Saddle River,

NJ: Pearson Publishing.

Sapien, J. (2013). Rape and other sexual viloence prevalent in juvenile justice system .

Retrieved from Pro publica: http://www.propublica.org/article/rape-and-other-

sexual-violence-prevalent-in-juvenile-justice-system

UPI. (2012). Male military rape survivor speaks out. Retrieved from Military.com:

http://www.military.com/daily-news/2013/05/18/male-military-rape-survivors-

speak-out.html


Appendices I

Evaluation Instruments

Initial

1. What does group therapy mean to you?

2. Are having thoughts of suicide?

3. How are feeling today?

4. Did your rape occur recently or in the past 2 years?

5. Are you on any medications?

6. Are there any concerns that I should be aware of?

7. What do you hope to gain from the sessions?

Ending

1. What have you learned from the sessions?

2. Have your feelings toward the assailant changed?

3. What could the moderator have done better to make this challenge easy for you?

4. Do you have any other medical or counseling needs today?

5. Has there been a change in your medical condition during the sessions?

Comments

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Appendices II

Resource Management

1. RAINN – Rape, abuse, and incest national network, retrieved from

http://www.rainn.org/get-information/types-of-sexual-assault/male-sexual-assault.

2. MCSR - Men can stop rape, Retrieved from

http://www.mencanstoprape.org/Resources/resources-for-male-survivors.html.

3. Pandora’s Project, For male survivor of rape and abuse, Retrieved from

http://www.pandys.org/malesurvivors.html.

4. Military.com, Male military rape survivors speak out, Retrieved from

http://www.military.com/daily-news/2013/05/18/male-military-rape-survivors-speak-

out.html.

http://www.military.com/daily-news/2013/05/18/male-military-rape-survivors-speak-out.html

http://www.military.com/daily-news/2013/05/18/male-military-rape-survivors-speak-out.html

http://www.pandys.org/malesurvivors.html

http://www.mencanstoprape.org/Resources/resources-for-male-survivors.html

http://www.rainn.org/get-information/types-of-sexual-assault/male-sexual-assault

Sexual violence prevention thesis paper

Education

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