Settling the West People, Places, and Terms. Chapter 13 Section 1 Cultures Class on the Prairie.
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Transcript of Settling the West People, Places, and Terms. Chapter 13 Section 1 Cultures Class on the Prairie.
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Settling the WestPeople, Places, and Terms
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Chapter 13 Section 1 Cultures Class on the Prairie
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Boomtowns- These towns grew up where there had been gold and other mineral strikes; they were rowdy places where
prospectors fought over claims, and thieves haunted the streets and trails
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Vigilance Committees- Often, “law and order” in boomtowns was enforced by self-appointed volunteers
who would track down and punish wrongdoers
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Long Drive- Ranchers would round of their cattle once a year and drove them long distances to the nearest train depot for transport to slaughter houses in the growing industrial towns (cowboy culture)
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Great Plains- The population of this large flat area covering the middle of the U.S. with few trees grew steadily and was
transformed in America’s wheat belt
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The last Native American wars
• Final wars between the American military and Native Americans
• Chased, hunted, and killed all over the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains
• By the end of this period (1865- 1890) Native Americans will have been forced onto reservations (usually undesirable land)
• Cheated out of land• Assimilation attempts by White• Some of the major events and people….
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Sand Creek Massacre- An incident some describe as a savage battle and others describe as American troops firing on unsuspecting Native American women and children
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George A. Custer (Battle of Little Bighorn) - Ignoring orders, and acting on his own initiative, he launched a three-pronged attack in broad daylight on a large group of Native American warriors and lost
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Chief Joseph- Chief of the Nez Pierce tribe in the NW. Led his people as they were chased by the American military across the NW for over a thousand miles
“Our Chiefs are killed. The little children are freezing to death. My people have no blankets and no food. I am tired, my heart is sick and tired. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever”
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Dawes Act- Attempt to “Americanize” Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners
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Assimilate- Some Americans believed the solution to the Native American issues was for them to be absorbed in American society. This would lead to forced relocation, forced name changes, special schools
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Annuities- the agreed payments from the U.S. government for the Native Americans who
would agree to live on the reservations
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Chapter 13 Section 2Settling on the Great Plains
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1862 Homestead Act • Yeoman farmer ideal still very
important• “Free Soil” party is a part of
the new Republican party. (Double meaning to Free Soil)
• Southern Democrats had fought against the Act because of nativists sentiments; thought it would attract undesirable Euros (especially Catholics)
The Act- three step procedure for claiming land in the territories and some of the states1. file an application 2. improve the land: farm, graze (with fences), mine3. file for deed of title
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Sodbusters- People who plowed the Plains were called many eventually lost their homesteads
through the combined effects of drought, wind erosion, and overuse of the land
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Bonanza Farms- Wheat farms that covered greater than 50,000 acres because they yielded
large profits. Beginning of corporate farming
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Chapter 13 Section 3: Farmers and the Populist Movement
• Populist (Populism)- member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people
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Grange- social and educational organization through which farmers attempted to combat the power of the railroads
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• Bimetallism- farmers and populist leaders advocated for the money supply to be based on both gold and silver (which they thought would free up money for the common man)
• Gold Standard- Basing the monetary (money supply) system on gold. Less money in circulation and a stable dollar
These two position defined the election of 1896 between the next two people.
Monetary Policy Crossroads
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William McKinley- Presidential candidate (and winner) who backed the gold standard.
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William Jennings Bryan- populist presidential candidate nominated by the Democrats who gave the “Cross of Gold” speech. Supported by the Grange movement