K A T H A R I N A R A A B – PhD Candidate

email: raab.katharina@gmail.com

Prof. Dr. R A L F W A G N E R – Marketing

email: rwagner@wirtschaft.uni-kassel.de

Green-Tourism for Small Island Developing States

Almost all developing and emerging countries face one big problem:

Situation is Worsening:

increase in income -> increase in consumption,

improving living conditions, industrialization,

product packaging, etc.

Negative

Consequences:

pollution of the

oceans, streets, air,

groundwater, human

health, etc.

W A S T E !

Amount of Waste is Increasing World Wide

Small Islands States (SIS) Waste Production per capita

Trinidad and Tobago 14.40 kg/capita/day

Antigua and Barbuda 5.50 kg/capita/day

Sri Lanka 5.10 kg/capita/day

Barbados 4.75 kg/capita/day

St Lucia 4.35 kg/capita/day

Seychelles 2.50 kg/capita/day

Mauritius 1.01 kg/capita/day

Source: World Economic Forum 2015

12 times the world

average of 1.2 kg.

(Germany 1.7kg)

What do We Know?

• unclear allocation of responsibilities

• lack of financial flexibility

• unspecific policy

• low engagement in new technologies &

suppliers for waste sorting

• government implement

waste management goals

in its policies and plans

+ -

Country

• waste production per capita per day is too

high

• landfilling quotes increasing every year ->

risk of saturation of landfilling

• recycling quotes are too low & no circular

economy

• little natural resources

• Seychelles Sustainable

Tourism Label

• recycling of PET bottles,

glass, cans and paper

Government

People• consumers demonstrate a

willingness to recycle

• peoples purchase decisions:

quality over price

• recognizing the waste

problem

• buying cheap, disposable goods

• mixed environmental awareness

• unpredictable disposal behavior

Homepage Link:

http://www.wasteproject.de

Case Studies - Mauritius

Positivism BiasNGO - Recycling & Sustainable Environment

Positive Examples - Mauritius

A Corporate Social Responsibility Project of the Rogers Group

Plankton currently recycles 400 tons per year and

expect to increase this to 6000 tons which will

represent 50% of total glass waste and 2% of total

waste in Mauritius.

Uses of Recycled Glass:

From

To

Positive Examples - Mauritius

1. Waste from food processing is collected � Transfer to “Kitchen Garden”

2. Fruits and vegetable waste � Process to compost

3. Compost is used for planting of vegetables � Replaces chemical

fertilizers

4. Rain water collection and storage for watering the “Kitchen Garden”

5. Fresh herbs fruits and vegetable from “Kitchen Garden” to production

Positive Examples - Mauritius

Facts Outlined by Ahrim

• Waste collection, sorting and recycling is not

properly supported & lack of existing policy

• Waste management is a business, requiring

organization

• Tourism produces less than 3% of total solid waste

• No programs for households’ motivation for waste

sorting and disposal

• National policies and actions are necessary -

taxation of payment for national services have lost

meaning but are important for e.g. concerning

public health with respect to solid waste

management

For a Sustainable Tourism Industry

Ideas for the Hotel Industry

• Labels: Eco-Tourism / Eco-Lodging / Eco-Labelling

or Eco-Classification

• Green labelling for the hotel industry (almost 50%

do high level of waste sorting, about 20% were not

engaged in any form of waste sorting)

• Handbook and national programs for waste

management & energy efficiency guidelines

International Air Transport AssociationCase Studies - Mauritius

Aircraft Cabin Waste

• Lack of Cabin Waste Recycling

• As per IATA , average passenger generates 1.4 kg of waste per flight

• 4.9 million tons of cabin waste in 2016

• Waste bill of $790 million

• With the pax growth, double in the next 10 years

Food Waste

• IATA research also indicates that over 20% of cabin waste comprises of untouched/unconsumed food and beverages

• Food waste is recognized as a major environmental challenge

• UNEP estimation – 1/3 of food produced in the world gets lost or wasted

Airline Cabin Waste Assessment

• Lack of standard waste monitoring protocols

• Low awareness of appropriate waste management treatment options- recycling & disposal

• No incentive for Service partner contracts to minimize and recycling

• Low recycling participation rates (crew awareness/motivation)

Way Forward

• Develop a holistic approach to cabin waste management including waste minimization; recovery/reuse; donation; recycling and alternative waste disposal options

• Vision of the airline industry is aiming at a ZERO Waste

Flight to support the planet earth

Community Involvement for Green Tourism

Managers Employees Guests

Improvement for Waste Collection

Need for new

Processes &

Business Models

Interaction / Synergy of all participants is necessary

Example of Plankton Glass Recycling - Mauritius

Plankton: First process was manual – insanity.

Pyrolysis-based waste processing plant

transforming recyclable materials to energy, gas

and fluids (BTX) at the same time.

Innovative Infrastructure

and Technology

Plankton education for disadvantaged individuals

living in Mauritius

Conclusion

http://www.mu.undp.org/content/mauritius_and_seychelles/en/home/operations/funding_

delivery.html

Funding Opportunities

Homepage Link:

http://www.wasteproject.de