Session VII 15:50-16:10 Technical wrap up: are we doing the right … · 2018. 2. 26. ·...

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Thomas Nordmann • TNC Consulting AGCH-8706 Feldmeilen/[email protected] • www.tnc.ch

Konstanz, Germany26 Oktober 2017

Session VII 15:50-16:10

Technical wrap up: are we doing the right things right? Critical summary and outlook for successful bifacial future

Some highlight`s: It is not complete

and my one personal selection

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Radovan Kopecek, bifiPV2017, Konstanz, October 25/26, 2017

bifiPV workshops from 2012

3

1) bifiPV 2012 in Konstanz (120 people)

2) bifiPV 2014 in Chambery (80 people)

2,5) bifiPV 2015 in Antofagasta (40 people)

3) bifiPV 2016 in Miyazaki (80 people)

4) bifiPV 2017 in Konstanz (130 people)

all presentations at https://pvpmc.sandia.gov/pv-research/bifacial-pv-project/

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15 years of experience in construction and operation of two bifacial photovoltaic systems on Swiss roads and rails

Thomas Nordmann Thomas Vontobel • Luzi Clavadetscher

TNC Consulting AGCH-8706 Feldmeilen/[email protected] • www.tnc.ch

23 April 2012

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Thomas Nordmann • TNC Consulting AG • 8706 Feldmeilen/[email protected] • www.tnc.ch

Konstanz, Germany26 Oktober 2017

Session VII 15:50-16:10

Technical wrap up: are we doing the right things, right?

direction timing speed

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Are we doing the right things? Are we doing the right right?

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25 Oktober 2017Session 1 • Systems: reports on large bifacial systems

Radovan Kopecek, bifiPV2017, Konstanz, October 25/26, 2017 8

Bifacial gain: fix tilt south/north oriented

from bSolar > now SolAround

Rules of tumb of Bifacial gains:

FREE DISTRIBUTION [email protected] | bifi PV workshop 2017.10.26 Konstanz

9

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▪

≈

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The rear side produces more energy due to higher albedo and accelerates the snow melting on the front side due to rear irradiance (thermalization effect).

Session 1 Systems: reports on large bifacial systemsThe world wide bifacial PV tour by Maryline Johnny • ines France


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The world wide bifacial PV tour by Maryline Johnny • ines France


11

Vertical bifacial E/W versus monofacial N/S tilted (tilt=latitude angle) (annual kWh performance simulation based on world irradiation and albedo map)

Measured back side irradiance for a 30o tilted stand alone module

Albedo: 0.55

Global Irradiation: 1006 W/m2

Diffuse Irradiation: 111 W/m2

Panel size: 80x160 cm2

NON UNIFORMITY OF BACK IRRADIANCE VS. PANEL ELEVATION

Session 1 Systems: reports on large bifacial systems

Naftali Eisenberg

Naftali Eisenberg


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My findings: The two main concepts of bifacial PV systems!

• ± 100% yield [kWh/kWp]• Extended field of application S E-W• Noon peak shaving• «rectangle» solar power production • True dual use of function and cost• Sound barriers, agricultural PV, BIPV?

EVA

HIT Solar Cells

GlassGlass

Reflectedsunlightto rear side


Direct sunlightto front side

Directsunlight

to front side

Installation with High Reflection Vertical Installation

• More albedo higher yield • +10 … +30% [kWh/kWp] • How to compensate the extra BOS cost?• Dos it allow lower energy cost?• For utility type of installation!• Fedd in in grid level 1 or 3!


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Why Solar PV on artificial Hydropower Lakes?

120 km2

TNC European Patent approved 8. 1. 2014

Waterlily™

EVA

HIT Solar Cells

GlassGlass



Installation with High Reflection

© H

ydro

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2013

Summer

BifacialPV Modul

Waterlily™

EVA

HIT Solar Cells

GlassGlass




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Sun

2013

WinterWaterlily™

BifacialPV Modul

EVA

HIT Solar Cells

GlassGlass




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How to use solar power with north-south oriented areas? First TNC experiments in a vineyard above Lake Zürich

1994 - 1995!

ASE bifacial PV Panel

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Directsunlight

to front side

Vertical Installation

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First TNC Solar bifacial PV irradiation measurements 1994/95Reflected

sunlightto rear side

Directsunlight

to front side


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Why is the sky is tolerant to PV?

+ 50%


Directsunlight

to front side


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05:0

0

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1Irr

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G, G

i [kW

/m^2

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Time [h:mm]

Irradiance GI is the sum of irradiance on the eastfacing and west-facing sides.

Typical daily curves for Solar irradiation and power

southeast west

100%

50% 50%


Directsunlight

to front side


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December 1997

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December 2008

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How to use solar power with north-south oriented areas?

…Vineyard for photosynthesis since the 6th century!

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25 Oktober 2017

Session II • Solar Cells: industrial bifacial calls for production

Commercial bifacial solar cells•

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•

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Session II Solar Cells: industrial bifacial calls for production

Current commercial bifacial cells

IEA International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme - PVPS -Task 2

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156

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2012/132005 & 2008

125x

125

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Size of cells …

1997

100x

100m

m

The development of bifacial cells 1997 - 2017

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IEA International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme - PVPS -Task 2

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1997

2005

2008

2012e

2017 [HJ]

-30 -22.5 -15 -7.5 0 7.5 15 22.5 30

- Front Back

The Efficiency and Bifaciality of cells …

The development of bifacial PV cells 1997 - 2017

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Bifacial cells predictions for the future

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Bifacial cells predictions for the future•

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Critical summary and outlook for successful bifacial future 25 Oktober 2017

Zürcher Fachhochschule Dr. Hartmut Nussbaumer, 4th bifiPV workshop, October 25/26 2017 in Konstanz, GermanyDr. Hartmut Nussbaumer, 4th bifiPV workshop, October 25/26 2017 in Konstanz, Germany

Comparison

Company Technology Rated Module Efficiency STC

Speciality

Trina Solar p-type Mono PERC, G/G

18%

Meyer Burger HJT, Mono, G/G 19.1% Smart Wire, TPO encapsulant

LG Electronics n-type Mono, G/BS 18.3% Multiwire, Transparent BS

Yingli Green Energy n-type Mono PERT, G/G

17.6% Half cells 5BB

SolarWorld p-type Mono PERC G/G

17.3% Reflecting coating

Sunpreme HJT Mono, G/G 19.1% Large 96 cell modules

Current «industrial standard» for bifacial modules: Glas/Glas: 2.5/2.5 mm, 60 cells, EVA encapsulant, 5BB technology, p-type PERC, 3 Bypass diodes, JB at the edge not shading the cell area, Efficiency 17-18% at STC

List incomplete!

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25 Oktober 2017Session III Modules: bifacial modules concepts

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25 Oktober 2017Session IV Discussion about Technology: What is needed to develop for bifacial technology? with the crystal ball

- Ashok Sinha von Sunpreme- Rob Kreiter from sunfloat- Fabrizio Bizzarri from Enel- Liuyong from Jolywood- Heiko Hildebrand von next2sun

• Glas-Glas PV modules will become mainstream!

• Thin glas will surpass «Tedlar» as back sheet, also economical!

• Most PV modules will be Bifacial!

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Season V • Bifacial gain simulations and LCOE calculationsCritical summary and outlook for successful bifacial future 26 Oktober 2017

Beauty Contest:• PVsyst• Polysun• MoBiDiG

© Fraunhofer-Center für Silizium-Photovoltaik CSP

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(3) Energy yield evaluation

Ratio of average energy yields for irradiance and module temperature classes (width: 50 W/m²; 2 °C), first period of measurements

Averaged yield [Wh]

Factor

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Irrad

ianc

e C

lass

[W/m

²]

Module Temperature Class of bifacial module [°C]

o o ac a e d

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Irrad

ianc

e C

lass

[W/m

²]


ac a e

Mo

no

faci

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mo

no

Bif

acia

l Eb

i

Module Temp. [°C]

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

5,5

Module Temp. [°C]

Irra

dian

ce [W

/m²]

Irra

dian

ce [W

/m²]

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Irrad

ianc

e C

lass

[W/m

²]


Fac

1,00

1,05

1,10

1,15

1,20

1,25

1,30

1,35

1,40

1,45

1,50

■ Bifacial: Shift of absolute yield upwards

■ Almost constant energy yield levels with rising temperatures until 800 W/m²

■ Bifaciality up to 45% for moderate module temp.

Bifacial gain simulations of modules and systems under desert conditions

David DASSLER

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Season V • Bifacial gain simulations and LCOE calculations 26 Oktober 2017

Dimitrij Chudinzow

Now we understand the bifacial shading albedo DNA!

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Season V• Bifacial gain simulations and LCOE calculations 26 Oktober 2017

Bas Van Aken ecn.nl

Now we understand the thermal heat balance of (bifacial) modules

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26 Oktober 2017Session VI • Measurement - and qualification standards

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26 Oktober 2017Session VI • Measurement - and qualification standards

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• Monday The combined irradiation for this bifacial PV plant was 98-01 about 4 % higher!! than on a south facing optimal oriented surface. → Sufficient light on vertical N/S!

• Tuesday An improvement of PR from 55% to 61% due to higher overall efficiency of the new modules and closer matching of the nominal to the effective efficiency of the new cells.

• WednesdayA shift of PR from 61% to 67% due to improved MPP tracking of the two new inverters.

• ThursdayBifacial PV plants overcome „look to the south“ dilemma of solar power

Seven Conclusions 2012 2017

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Seven Conclusions (II):

• Friday We need industrial bifacial cell production lines to match the market price of PV modules today.

• Saturday The multi-functional bifacial PV noise barrier modules can fully substitute conventional glass noise barrier elements and save costs. Noise barrier infrastructure can partially substitute BOS of bifacial PV plants.

• Sunday

• Glas-Glas PV modules will become mainstream!

• Thin glas will surpass «Tedlar» as back sheet, incl. economical

• Most PV modules will be Bifacial

2012 2017

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Thank you for your interest

Session VII 15:50-16:10 Technical wrap up: are we doing the right … · 2018. 2. 26. ·...

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