Session VII 15:50-16:10 Technical wrap up: are we doing...
Transcript of Session VII 15:50-16:10 Technical wrap up: are we doing...
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Thomas Nordmann • TNC Consulting AGCH-8706 Feldmeilen/[email protected] • www.tnc.ch
Konstanz, Germany26 Oktober 2017
Session VII 15:50-16:10
Technical wrap up: are we doing the right things right? Critical summary and outlook for successful bifacial future
Some highlight`s: It is not complete
and my one personal selection
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Radovan Kopecek, bifiPV2017, Konstanz, October 25/26, 2017
bifiPV workshops from 2012
3
1) bifiPV 2012 in Konstanz (120 people)
2) bifiPV 2014 in Chambery (80 people)
2,5) bifiPV 2015 in Antofagasta (40 people)
3) bifiPV 2016 in Miyazaki (80 people)
4) bifiPV 2017 in Konstanz (130 people)
all presentations at https://pvpmc.sandia.gov/pv-research/bifacial-pv-project/
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15 years of experience in construction and operation of two bifacial photovoltaic systems on Swiss roads and rails
Thomas Nordmann Thomas Vontobel • Luzi Clavadetscher
TNC Consulting AGCH-8706 Feldmeilen/[email protected] • www.tnc.ch
23 April 2012
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Thomas Nordmann • TNC Consulting AG • 8706 Feldmeilen/[email protected] • www.tnc.ch
Konstanz, Germany26 Oktober 2017
Session VII 15:50-16:10
Technical wrap up: are we doing the right things, right?
direction timing speed
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Are we doing the right things? Are we doing the right right?
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25 Oktober 2017Session 1 • Systems: reports on large bifacial systems
Radovan Kopecek, bifiPV2017, Konstanz, October 25/26, 2017 8
Bifacial gain: fix tilt south/north oriented
from bSolar > now SolAround
Rules of tumb of Bifacial gains:
FREE DISTRIBUTION [email protected] | bifi PV workshop 2017.10.26 Konstanz
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The rear side produces more energy due to higher albedo and accelerates the snow melting on the front side due to rear irradiance (thermalization effect).
Session 1 Systems: reports on large bifacial systemsThe world wide bifacial PV tour by Maryline Johnny • ines France
FREE DISTRIBUTION [email protected] | bifi PV workshop 2017.10.26 Konstanz
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The world wide bifacial PV tour by Maryline Johnny • ines France
FREE DISTRIBUTION [email protected] | bifi PV workshop 2017.10.26 Konstanz
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Vertical bifacial E/W versus monofacial N/S tilted (tilt=latitude angle) (annual kWh performance simulation based on world irradiation and albedo map)
Measured back side irradiance for a 30o tilted stand alone module
Albedo: 0.55
Global Irradiation: 1006 W/m2
Diffuse Irradiation: 111 W/m2
Panel size: 80x160 cm2
NON UNIFORMITY OF BACK IRRADIANCE VS. PANEL ELEVATION
Session 1 Systems: reports on large bifacial systems
Naftali Eisenberg
Naftali Eisenberg
Session 1 Systems: reports on large bifacial systems
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My findings: The two main concepts of bifacial PV systems!
• ± 100% yield [kWh/kWp]• Extended field of application S E-W• Noon peak shaving• «rectangle» solar power production • True dual use of function and cost• Sound barriers, agricultural PV, BIPV?
EVA
HIT Solar Cells
GlassGlass
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Direct sunlightto front side
Directsunlight
to front side
Installation with High Reflection Vertical Installation
• More albedo higher yield • +10 … +30% [kWh/kWp] • How to compensate the extra BOS cost?• Dos it allow lower energy cost?• For utility type of installation!• Fedd in in grid level 1 or 3!
Session 1 Systems: reports on large bifacial systems
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Why Solar PV on artificial Hydropower Lakes?
120 km2
TNC European Patent approved 8. 1. 2014
Waterlily™
EVA
HIT Solar Cells
GlassGlass
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Direct sunlightto front side
Installation with High Reflection
© H
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2013
Summer
BifacialPV Modul
Waterlily™
EVA
HIT Solar Cells
GlassGlass
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Direct sunlightto front side
Installation with High Reflection
© H
ydro
Sun
2013
WinterWaterlily™
BifacialPV Modul
EVA
HIT Solar Cells
GlassGlass
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Direct sunlightto front side
Installation with High Reflection
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How to use solar power with north-south oriented areas? First TNC experiments in a vineyard above Lake Zürich
1994 - 1995!
ASE bifacial PV Panel
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Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Directsunlight
to front side
Vertical Installation
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First TNC Solar bifacial PV irradiation measurements 1994/95Reflected
sunlightto rear side
Directsunlight
to front side
Vertical Installation
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Why is the sky is tolerant to PV?
+ 50%
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Directsunlight
to front side
Vertical Installation
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1Ir
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Gi [k
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Time [h:mm]
Irradiance GI is the sum of irradiance on the eastfacing and west-facing sides.
Typical daily curves for Solar irradiation and power
southeast west
100%
50% 50%
Reflectedsunlightto rear side
Directsunlight
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Vertical Installation
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December 1997
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December 2008
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How to use solar power with north-south oriented areas?
…Vineyard for photosynthesis since the 6th century!
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25 Oktober 2017
Session II • Solar Cells: industrial bifacial calls for production
Commercial bifacial solar cells•
•
•
•
Session II Solar Cells: industrial bifacial calls for production
Current commercial bifacial cells
IEA International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme - PVPS -Task 2
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2012/132005 & 2008
125x
125
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Size of cells …
1997
100x
100m
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The development of bifacial cells 1997 - 2017
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IEA International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme - PVPS -Task 2
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1997
2005
2008
2012e
2017 [HJ]
-30 -22.5 -15 -7.5 0 7.5 15 22.5 30
- Front Back
The Efficiency and Bifaciality of cells …
The development of bifacial PV cells 1997 - 2017
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Bifacial cells predictions for the future
••
Bifacial cells predictions for the future•
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Critical summary and outlook for successful bifacial future 25 Oktober 2017
Zürcher Fachhochschule Dr. Hartmut Nussbaumer, 4th bifiPV workshop, October 25/26 2017 in Konstanz, GermanyDr. Hartmut Nussbaumer, 4th bifiPV workshop, October 25/26 2017 in Konstanz, Germany
Comparison
Company Technology Rated Module Efficiency STC
Speciality
Trina Solar p-type Mono PERC, G/G
18%
Meyer Burger HJT, Mono, G/G 19.1% Smart Wire, TPO encapsulant
LG Electronics n-type Mono, G/BS 18.3% Multiwire, Transparent BS
Yingli Green Energy n-type Mono PERT, G/G
17.6% Half cells 5BB
SolarWorld p-type Mono PERC G/G
17.3% Reflecting coating
Sunpreme HJT Mono, G/G 19.1% Large 96 cell modules
Current «industrial standard» for bifacial modules: Glas/Glas: 2.5/2.5 mm, 60 cells, EVA encapsulant, 5BB technology, p-type PERC, 3 Bypass diodes, JB at the edge not shading the cell area, Efficiency 17-18% at STC
List incomplete!
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25 Oktober 2017Session III Modules: bifacial modules concepts
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25 Oktober 2017Session IV Discussion about Technology: What is needed to develop for bifacial technology? with the crystal ball
- Ashok Sinha von Sunpreme- Rob Kreiter from sunfloat- Fabrizio Bizzarri from Enel- Liuyong from Jolywood- Heiko Hildebrand von next2sun
• Glas-Glas PV modules will become mainstream!
• Thin glas will surpass «Tedlar» as back sheet, also economical!
• Most PV modules will be Bifacial!
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Season V • Bifacial gain simulations and LCOE calculationsCritical summary and outlook for successful bifacial future 26 Oktober 2017
Beauty Contest:• PVsyst• Polysun• MoBiDiG
© Fraunhofer-Center für Silizium-Photovoltaik CSP
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(3) Energy yield evaluation
Ratio of average energy yields for irradiance and module temperature classes (width: 50 W/m²; 2 °C), first period of measurements
Averaged yield [Wh]
Factor
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Irra
dia
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Cla
ss [W
/m²]
Module Temperature Class of bifacial module [°C]
o o ac a e d
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Irrad
ianc
e C
lass
[W/m
²]
Module Temperature Class of bifacial module [°C]
ac a e
Mo
no
faci
al E
mo
no
Bif
acia
l Eb
i
Module Temp. [°C]
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
Module Temp. [°C]
Irra
dian
ce [W
/m²]
Irra
dian
ce [W
/m²]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Irra
dian
ce C
lass
[W
/m²]
Module Temperature Class of bifacial module [°C]
Fac
1,00
1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
■ Bifacial: Shift of absolute yield upwards
■ Almost constant energy yield levels with rising temperatures until 800 W/m²
■ Bifaciality up to 45% for moderate module temp.
Bifacial gain simulations of modules and systems under desert conditions
David DASSLER
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Season V • Bifacial gain simulations and LCOE calculations 26 Oktober 2017
Dimitrij Chudinzow
Now we understand the bifacial shading albedo DNA!
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Season V• Bifacial gain simulations and LCOE calculations 26 Oktober 2017
Bas Van Aken ecn.nl
Now we understand the thermal heat balance of (bifacial) modules
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26 Oktober 2017Session VI • Measurement - and qualification standards
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26 Oktober 2017Session VI • Measurement - and qualification standards
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• Monday The combined irradiation for this bifacial PV plant was 98-01 about 4 % higher!! than on a south facing optimal oriented surface. → Sufficient light on vertical N/S!
• Tuesday An improvement of PR from 55% to 61% due to higher overall efficiency of the new modules and closer matching of the nominal to the effective efficiency of the new cells.
• WednesdayA shift of PR from 61% to 67% due to improved MPP tracking of the two new inverters.
• ThursdayBifacial PV plants overcome „look to the south“ dilemma of solar power
Seven Conclusions 2012 2017
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Seven Conclusions (II):
• Friday We need industrial bifacial cell production lines to match the market price of PV modules today.
• Saturday The multi-functional bifacial PV noise barrier modules can fully substitute conventional glass noise barrier elements and save costs. Noise barrier infrastructure can partially substitute BOS of bifacial PV plants.
• Sunday
• Glas-Glas PV modules will become mainstream!
• Thin glas will surpass «Tedlar» as back sheet, incl. economical
• Most PV modules will be Bifacial
2012 2017
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