Session 8 Coordination. Session Objectives Define the Principle of Coordination Define the Principle...
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Transcript of Session 8 Coordination. Session Objectives Define the Principle of Coordination Define the Principle...
Session ObjectivesSession Objectives
Define the Principle of CoordinationDefine the Principle of Coordination Identify characteristics of successful Identify characteristics of successful
coordinationcoordinationDescribe strategic in emergency Describe strategic in emergency
management programsmanagement programsDescribe tactical use using action planningDescribe tactical use using action planningDescribe tactical using incident Describe tactical using incident
management and mutual aid systemsmanagement and mutual aid systems
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
NFPA 1600 refers to a “Program NFPA 1600 refers to a “Program Coordinator”Coordinator”
Emergency managers are sometimes Emergency managers are sometimes called “Emergency Management called “Emergency Management Coordinators”Coordinators”
Emergency Managers define Emergency Managers define “coordination” as part of their duties“coordination” as part of their duties
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
But what does “coordination” really mean?But what does “coordination” really mean?How would you define it?How would you define it?Can you give specific examples of how it is Can you give specific examples of how it is
used?used? Is there a methodology for coordination?Is there a methodology for coordination?
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Random House dictionary: Random House dictionary: ““harmonious combination interaction”.harmonious combination interaction”.
The Principles of Emergency Management The Principles of Emergency Management ““emergency managers synchronize the emergency managers synchronize the
activities of all relevant stakeholders to activities of all relevant stakeholders to achieve a common purpose”. achieve a common purpose”.
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Collaboration Collaboration fosters relationshipsfosters relationshipscreates the context essential for successful creates the context essential for successful
integration and coordination.integration and coordination.
IntegrationIntegrationensures that the plans and activities of various ensures that the plans and activities of various
actors are mutually supporting.actors are mutually supporting.
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Coordination takes the relationships developed Coordination takes the relationships developed by collaboration and the mutually supporting by collaboration and the mutually supporting systems of successful integration and focuses systems of successful integration and focuses them to achieve specific goals. them to achieve specific goals.
Coordination translates context into action.Coordination translates context into action.
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Is Coordination a process or methodology Is Coordination a process or methodology rather than a true principle?rather than a true principle?
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Collaboration and integration can exist Collaboration and integration can exist without coordinationwithout coordinationSuccessful relationships can be built Successful relationships can be built
individuallyindividually Integration can be forced through standards Integration can be forced through standards
and legislationand legislation
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Coordination can only take place within Coordination can only take place within the context of collaborative relationships the context of collaborative relationships
Coordinating fosters successful Coordinating fosters successful integration. integration.
Failure to coordinate means failure of the Failure to coordinate means failure of the emergency management program emergency management program
Integration, collaboration, and coordination Integration, collaboration, and coordination are inextricably linked.are inextricably linked.
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Coordination requires a strategic planning Coordination requires a strategic planning process intended to align the independent process intended to align the independent activities of stakeholders to achieve a activities of stakeholders to achieve a shared vision. shared vision.
Strategic planning is also a requirement Strategic planning is also a requirement under NFPA 1600 and the EMAP under NFPA 1600 and the EMAP Standard.Standard.
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
What are the advantages of a strategic What are the advantages of a strategic planning process?planning process?
Defining CoordinationDefining Coordination
Advantages of strategic planningAdvantages of strategic planningForward thinkingForward thinkingCapacity Building through Organizational Capacity Building through Organizational
Learning and AdaptationLearning and AdaptationGoal Identification and Achievement through Goal Identification and Achievement through
Leadership and CommitmentLeadership and CommitmentProfessionalism and More FundingProfessionalism and More Funding Increased Public Support and AccountabilityIncreased Public Support and Accountability
Characteristics of Successful Characteristics of Successful CoordinationCoordination
Effectiveness is determined by achieved Effectiveness is determined by achieved resultsresults
EMs who used the largest number of EMs who used the largest number of coordination strategies guided the most coordination strategies guided the most effective responseseffective responses
Failing to coordinate = greater need to Failing to coordinate = greater need to improvise at the time of a disaster improvise at the time of a disaster
Characteristics of Successful Characteristics of Successful CoordinationCoordination
Effective coordination requires a Effective coordination requires a systematic approach (Management by systematic approach (Management by Objectives)Objectives)Process of aligning goals and objectives Process of aligning goals and objectives
within an organization. within an organization. Seek agreement among stakeholders on end Seek agreement among stakeholders on end
results results Ensure results are achieved by monitoring the Ensure results are achieved by monitoring the
progress of performance objectives.progress of performance objectives.
Characteristics of Successful Characteristics of Successful CoordinationCoordination
NMA ModelNMA ModelPlanning –identify vision, mission and goalsPlanning –identify vision, mission and goalsOrganizing –identify performance and assign Organizing –identify performance and assign
to action agentsto action agentsDirecting –monitor milestones, eliminate Directing –monitor milestones, eliminate
obstacles, and provide assistanceobstacles, and provide assistanceControlling –measure performance against Controlling –measure performance against
metricsmetrics
Characteristics of Successful Characteristics of Successful CoordinationCoordination
Systematic approach allows both Systematic approach allows both continuity and accountability in the continuity and accountability in the emergency management program.emergency management program.
Performance objectives create Performance objectives create accountability and a method for measuring accountability and a method for measuring progressprogress
Successful coordination is characterized Successful coordination is characterized by a systematic approach that builds on by a systematic approach that builds on established relationships and systems.established relationships and systems.
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Develop a Vision for the ProgramDevelop a Vision for the ProgramAcceptable to all stakeholdersAcceptable to all stakeholdersPerceived as adding value to the communityPerceived as adding value to the community
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Vision StatementVision StatementEmergency management seeks to promote Emergency management seeks to promote
safer, less vulnerable communities with the safer, less vulnerable communities with the capacity to cope with hazards and disasters. capacity to cope with hazards and disasters.
What is your opinion of this proposed vision What is your opinion of this proposed vision statement?statement?
How would you modify it to make it specific to a How would you modify it to make it specific to a particular jurisdiction?particular jurisdiction?
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Develop a Mission StatementDevelop a Mission Statement Is the mission statement for the EM agency or Is the mission statement for the EM agency or
the EM program? What is the distinction?the EM program? What is the distinction? Is it closely tied to the vision statement? Is it closely tied to the vision statement?
Accomplishing the mission should achieve the Accomplishing the mission should achieve the vision.vision.
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Mission StatementMission StatementEmergency Management protects communities Emergency Management protects communities
by coordinating and integrating all activities by coordinating and integrating all activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capability to mitigate against, prepare for, capability to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from threatened or respond to, and recover from threatened or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or other man-made disasters.other man-made disasters.
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
What is your opinion of this mission What is your opinion of this mission statement?statement?
How would you modify it to make it How would you modify it to make it specific to a particular jurisdiction?specific to a particular jurisdiction?
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Develop an overall strategyDevelop an overall strategyDriven by riskDriven by riskUses a mix of mitigation, response and Uses a mix of mitigation, response and
recovery strategies to address riskrecovery strategies to address riskDetermines resource requirements = Determines resource requirements =
preparedness strategy composed of braod preparedness strategy composed of braod goalsgoals
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Develop Performance ObjectivesDevelop Performance ObjectivesMust be specific and measurable (metrics)Must be specific and measurable (metrics)Assigned to specific action agentAssigned to specific action agentMust allocate resourcesMust allocate resources Incorporates milestonesIncorporates milestones
Coordination in the EM ProgramCoordination in the EM Program
Monitor milestonesMonitor milestonesTake actionTake actionRe-allocate resourcesRe-allocate resources
Assess performanceAssess performanceQuantitativeQuantitativeQualitativeQualitative
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Management by objectives and the Management by objectives and the strategic planning model can be used to strategic planning model can be used to coordinate tactical operationscoordinate tactical operations
Action planning, a component of NIMS, is Action planning, a component of NIMS, is a scaled down version of the strategic a scaled down version of the strategic planning model.planning model.
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
NIMS Five Phases of PlanningNIMS Five Phases of PlanningUnderstand the situationUnderstand the situationEstablish incident objectives and strategyEstablish incident objectives and strategyDevelop the planDevelop the planPrepare and disseminate the planPrepare and disseminate the planExecute, evaluate, and revise the planExecute, evaluate, and revise the plan
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
How do the five phases of the NIMS How do the five phases of the NIMS planning model compare with the strategic planning model compare with the strategic planning model?planning model?
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
NIMS ModelNIMS Model Understand the situationUnderstand the situation Establish incident Establish incident
objectives and strategyobjectives and strategy Develop the planDevelop the plan Prepare and disseminate Prepare and disseminate
the planthe plan Execute, evaluate, and Execute, evaluate, and
revise the planrevise the plan
Strategic Planning ModelStrategic Planning Model PlanningPlanning OrganizingOrganizing DirectingDirecting Directing/ControllingDirecting/Controlling
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Incident Command SystemIncident Command SystemCalifornia Wildfires 1970California Wildfires 1970
600K acres600K acres16 lives16 lives13 days13 days
1971 – Congress funds Firefighting 1971 – Congress funds Firefighting Resources of Southern California Organized Resources of Southern California Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE)for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE)
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Problem areas addressed by ICSProblem areas addressed by ICSLack of common organizationLack of common organizationPoor on-scene and interagency Poor on-scene and interagency
communicationscommunications Inadequate joint planningInadequate joint planningLack of valid and timely intelligenceLack of valid and timely intelligence Inadequate resource managementInadequate resource managementLimited prediction capabilityLimited prediction capability
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Design CriteriaDesign CriteriaScalable – single agencies to multiple agenciesScalable – single agencies to multiple agenciesExpandable – daily incidents to major emergenciesExpandable – daily incidents to major emergenciesusable in all emergencies, not just fireusable in all emergencies, not just fireAble to integrate new technologiesAble to integrate new technologiesStandardized terminology, organization, Standardized terminology, organization,
proceduresproceduresIntegrate with existing agency proceduresIntegrate with existing agency proceduresSimple to teach and maintainSimple to teach and maintain
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Basic PrinciplesBasic PrinciplesAgency autonomyAgency autonomyUnit integrityUnit integrityFunctional clarityFunctional clarityManagement by objectivesManagement by objectives
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations Common terminologyCommon terminology
Modular organization Modular organization
Management by Management by objectivesobjectives
Incident Action PlanIncident Action Plan
Manageable span of Manageable span of controlcontrol
Comprehensive Comprehensive resource managementresource management
Integrated Integrated communicationscommunications
Information & Information & intelligence intelligence managementmanagement
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Incident Command SystemIncident Command SystemElements of both hierarchical and networked Elements of both hierarchical and networked
systems – hybridsystems – hybridWorks best with the existence of a strong Works best with the existence of a strong
sense of community among responderssense of community among respondersReported failures may be due to the emphasis Reported failures may be due to the emphasis
of ICS field structure over ICS conceptsof ICS field structure over ICS concepts
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Research suggests that pre-disaster Research suggests that pre-disaster coordination is a determinant of successful coordination is a determinant of successful disaster operationsdisaster operations
Unsuccessful disaster operations are Unsuccessful disaster operations are characterized not by lack of resources but characterized not by lack of resources but by inability to allocate available resourcesby inability to allocate available resources
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
Applying the Principles to mutual aidApplying the Principles to mutual aidCollaboration: build relationships w/peer Collaboration: build relationships w/peer
groups and national organizationsgroups and national organizations Integration: formalize relationships through Integration: formalize relationships through
memoranda of agreement or contracts. memoranda of agreement or contracts. Coordination: manage incoming resources Coordination: manage incoming resources
through the action planning process. through the action planning process.
Coordination in OperationsCoordination in Operations
EMAC as an application of the PrinciplesEMAC as an application of the PrinciplesCollaboration: developed through the National Collaboration: developed through the National
Emergency Manager’s Association.Emergency Manager’s Association. Integration: formal MOU; uses standard ICS Integration: formal MOU; uses standard ICS
protocols; consistent with NIMS,protocols; consistent with NIMS,Coordination: National Coordination Group Coordination: National Coordination Group
oversees operations; Advance Team oversees operations; Advance Team deployed to the affected to statedeployed to the affected to state
ConclusionConclusion
CoordinationCoordination Is a determinant of successful disaster Is a determinant of successful disaster
operationsoperations Is closely linked to the Principles of Is closely linked to the Principles of
Integration and CollaborationIntegration and CollaborationRequires a systematic approach based on Requires a systematic approach based on
sound management principlessound management principles