Sesi 10 - Motivasi 1
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Transcript of Sesi 10 - Motivasi 1
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PERTEMUAN 10
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Motivation movere to move the energizer of behavior determinan perilaku
Motivation refers to the driving and pulling forces which result in persistent
behavior directed toward particular goals
(Morgan & King, 1986)
Motivasi
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Inferences from behavior
Explanation of behavior
Prediction of behavior
Motives are ,,,,
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1. Tidak tampak, hanya diketahui melalui
tingkah laku yang ditampilkan
2. Majemuk, tidak bersifat tunggal
3. Dapat berubah, tergantung kebutuhan
4. Berbeda-beda, tergantung : umur, jenis
kelamin, sosiokultural
Sifat-sifat motif
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1. The Evolutionary Approach
2. Drive Reduction Theory
3. Optimum Arousal Theory
4. The Cognitive Approach
5. Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs
Pendekatan-pendekatan
Motivasi
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EARLY
- Emphasized the role of instincts in motivation
- An instinct is an innate (unlearned), biological patterns of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.
LATER
- The motivation of sex, aggression, achievement and other behaviors is rooted in our evolutionary past.
The Evolutionary Approach
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Drive Reduction Theory
Need is a deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.
Drive is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need.
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NEED DRIVE DRIVE REDUCTION
(RESPONSE)
GOAL (HOMEOSTASIS)
Drive Reduction Theory
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Optimum Arousal Theory
Arousal ?
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Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal than either low or high
arousal.
Optimum Arousal Theory
Low arousal best in a new or difficult task
High arousal best in a well learned or easy task
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Human beings are rational and aware of their motivation.
a. Intrinsic motivation = self-determination, curiosity, challenge b. Extrinsic motivation = rewards and punishment Self Generated Goal (personal project, life tasks,
personal strivings)
The Cognitive Approach
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Maslow,s Hierarchy of Human Needs
Physiologial Needs
Safety & Security
Love & Belongingness
Self Esteem
Self Actualizati
on
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1. Lingkungan (kegaduhan, kebisingan,
desakan ortu)
2. Dari dalam diri (harapan, cita-cita, need,
want)
3. Tujuan / nilai insentif objek (status, uang)
Penentu perilaku
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1. Biologis (kebutuhan biologis)
Sering juga dikatakan survival need /
kebutuhan primer / dasar yang digunakan
untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup.
Contoh : makan, minum, udara segar,
istirahat,dll
2. Bersifat mental (psikologis)
Disebut juga kebutuhan sekunder yang dapat
dipelajari, diperoleh dalam lingkungan atau
karena interaksinya dengan lingkungan.
Sifat penentu
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ATKINSON motif dasar adalah motif yang tidak dipelajari, dimiliki oleh manusia dan hewan. Terdiri dari :
1. Survival (lapar, haus)
2. Kebutuhan sosial (seks, maternal)
3. Ingin tahu
SANTROCK 5 motif penting :
1. Lapar (motif biologis)
2. Sex (Gabungan antara motif biologis dan sosial kognitif)
3. Achievement
4. Affiliation motif sosial kognitif
5. Well being
Motif Dasar