Service Provider Wi-Fi

Service Provider Wi-FiBill McFarland, VP Technology, Qualcomm Atheros

Outline System capacity discussion 802.11u Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0 Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi small cells

3

1000x Capacity Increase: Needed

5B cumulative smartphone sales estimated for 2012 - 2016

Average traffic per smartphone nearly tripled in 2011- 150 MB/Mo, versus 55 MB/Mo in 2010

Over the past five years, AT&T’s wireless data traffic has grown 200X

Exponential growth in mobile data utilization

1000x Capacity Increase: Possible!

Number of antennas limited by device sizeSpectrum limited by availability, government policy Interference mitigation difficult, can only go so farOnly big lever is to substantially reduce cell size

But cellular deployment models/economics make increasing the number of base stations by 32x expensive and slow

capacity/user ≈ n W log2(1+ )/# usersSignalNoise

Number of Antennas

(4x?)

More Spectrum

(4x?)

Mitigate Interference

(2x?)

Small Cells!(32x?)

Why Wi-Fi?

The capacity is needed, the clients are there

The number of devices connected to IP networks will be twice as high as the global population in 2015, up from one networked device per capita in 2010.

Wi-Fi EnabledDevices Shipped

2011 MU

2015 MU

Handsets 589 1,219

Tablets 59 262

Mobile Clients 648 1481

Notebooks, netbooks, AIOs

242 347

Other Wi-Fi clients 160 415

TOTAL 1,050 2,243

Source: iSuppli, Q2, 2011 Connectivity Forecast. Other Wi-Fi-enabled clients consists of the following: printers – 41M in 2011, 69M in 2015; digital cameras – 7M in 2011; 24M in 2015; gaming consoles – 40M in 2011, 56M in 2015; handheld gaming – 36M in 2011, 35M in 2015; eReaders – 3M in 2011; 15M in 2015; LCD TVs – 18M in 2011; 180 in 2015; DVD Players/Recorders – 12M in 2011; 29M in 2015; STBs – 3M in 2011, 7M in 2015.

Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast & Methodology June, 2011

How Do we Make Wi-Fi a Service Provider Network?

Transparent, hassle free services discovery (802.11u)

Features to enable cellular offload onto Wi-Fi (Hotspot 2.0)

Seamless operation across cellular and Wi-Fi networks (LTE/Wi-Fi hybrid small cells)

Wi-Fi Industry Standards Ecosystem Overview

IEEE802.11 Accord

VHT5G

CoreSpec

11ad(60

GHz)

WSEDocking

EXTEND

60GHz Hot-

spot 2.0

WBA

GSMA

Smart Grid

CSEP

HomePlug ZigBee

WiGig

Serial Bus

11aiFILS

11afTVWS TVWS

WSA

11aqPAD

WPS

NAN ‘Social Wi-Fi’

Social

SIG

Dockin

g

Cons

or-

tium

Dock-ing

TDLS

11ac

11ah

Dis-play

Wi-Fi Alliance

NFC

WFD Svs

WFD Svs Group

Gen Link SG

11u

802.11u

9

802.11u Icon Bar Displays Localized Mobile Services (LMS)

(courtesy of Esteban Torres, Cisco)

How Does 11u Change the Situation?

SSID 1

SSID 2

SSID 3

SSID 4

Current Approach:• Device scan for SSIDs• End user has to associate with SSID to

discover the service in the SSID• End user launches web browser and

enters URL to get web service

Current Approach

SSID 1

SSID 2

SSID 3

SSID 4

802.11u Approach:• Device scans for service (not SSID)• Prompts end-user or auto launches service• End-user clicks on prompt, automatically

associates with SSID, and seamlessly launches a web service

802.11u Service Discovery Pre-association

Service Service

Service

What’s Required to Implement 802.11u The AP needs a “service advertiser” The client device needs a “service launcher”

802.11u-enabled Handset

Handset Vendor Wi-Fi Driver

SoftwareUpdate

802.11uProtocol

stack

GUI

Handset Vendor

VerizonLMS

Integrated into WI-Fi IC

802.11u GUI 802.11u defines messaging and protocols, but these are straightforward The key will be creating GUI’s that allow users to configure this capability

easily and to their liking

OFF

Mode:

ServiceON

LMS

Open Closed

Handset with 802.11u

GUI

My Icons:

Target

Ascot

Starbucks

Best Buy-

Favorites

802.11u Filters

Wi-Fi DriverSoftwareUpdate

802.11uProtocol

stack

GUI

802.11u Filters

Show me only

Coffee houses

Hotspot

Retail stores

LMS

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/91/TargetLogoPNG.PNG

Hotspot 2.0 (Passpoint)

Service Provider Wi-Fi is currently not easy to use (manual intervention required) and confusing

Web page redirection creates ease of use problemAbsence of a standardized mechanism for connection establishmentHotspot network connectivity ≠ Network serviceInconsistent and limited security (local access and authentication

mechanism)No indication that a session has expired – network access is suddenly

lost

Problem Statement

Cellular : Turn on phone and make call Hotspot : Turn on Wi-Fi and ?

Find Connection

Manager

Launch Connection

ManagerScan for

SSIDs

Select Correct

SSID

Associate withSSID ?

Use case: Cellular-like ExperienceAutomatic and Secure Easy Connectivity for Wi-Fi Subscribers

Cellular

Automatic and Secure

1. SP subscriber comes to roaming partner

2. Gets service automatically

3. Secure connection

Hotspot 2.0

1. SP subscriber turns on his phone

2. Gets cellular service automatically

3. Secure connectionCellular Tower

(Home SP)

Cellular Device

1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes to AP of Home SP

2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically


Automatic and Secure

Cellular Device Hotspot 2.0 STA(single or

dual-mode)

Hotspot 2.0 AP (Home SP)

Cellular Tower (Roaming Partner) Hotspot 2.0 STA

(single or dual-mode)

Hotspot 2.0 AP(Roaming Partner)

1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes to AP of Roaming Partner

2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically


Source: WFA

http://www.t-mobile.com/shop/phones/Cell-Phone-Detail.aspx?cell-phone=BlackBerry-Bold-9700




Scope of Work for the WFA Hotspot 2.0 Technical Taskgroup

Development of Specifications ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) extensions to 802.11u Operator Policy and Sign On Procedure Security Enhancements

Development of an Interoperability Testplan

Interoperability Plugfesting

Wi-Fi Passpoint (Hotspot 2.0)

Name + Spec Passpoint, based on Hotspot 2.0 Tech SpecDescription Seamless WLAN connectivity for mobile devices, modeled on cell phone

networksKey Technologies

• 802.11u• 802.1x• EAP-SIM, AKA, TLS, TTLS, FAST

High Value Use Cases

Enable Wi-Fi traffic offload from mobile networks to WLAN.Device to automatically joins network using pre-loaded credentials for preferred Service Provider Networks (Significantly better User Experience).

Target Customer Operators, Infrastructure Vendors, Handheld OEMs, PC,

Target Products Access Point, handheld, PC, tablet

Key Requirements

Release 1: Streamlined network accessRelease 2: Provisioning of Operator policyRelease 3: Seamless Service Across 3GPP and Wi-Fi Access

Timeframe Release 1: launched 6/26 Release 2: late 2013 Release 3: 2014/15

Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary — Restricted Distribution - DO NOT COPYMAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION —

Hotspot 2.0 Procedure

Discovery: The mobile device is scanning for APs with which to associate and for related information useful for network selection HS 2.0 enables an STA to discover usable APs based on Hotspot Operator Friendly Name,

Roaming Consortium list, Venue name, NAI Realm list, Domain Name list, 3GPP Cellular Network information

Additional performance related information is available eg., BSS load, Backhaul capacity , WAN Metrics, Connection Capability, Online Signup providers list, etc.

Registration: The mobile device is setting up a new account with an SP or hotspot provider. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived.

Provisioning: The Wi-Fi infrastructure is establishing credential information and providing policy information to the mobile device. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived. Security schemes available are WPA2 Enterprise, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS

Access: The mobile device has successfully associated and authenticated with the hotspot and can access the services for which the user has subscribed.

HS2.0 Capabilities and Requirements

Interworking IE

Roaming Consortium IE

BSS Load IE

VENUE Name

Network Authentication Type

Roaming Consortium List

IP Address Type Availability

NAI Realm List

3GPP Cellular Network Info

Domain Name List

HS Query List

HS Capability List

Operator Friendly Name

WAN metrics

Connection Capability

NAI Home Realm Query

Operating Calls Indication

802.11u

HS2.0

Hotspot 2.0 uses protocol defined within the IEEE P802.11u-2011, Amendment 9: Interworking with External Networks Assist in network selection Assist in capabilities supported

WFA defined Hotspot 2.0 extensions of the 802.11u information elements (ANQP)

Elements exchanged using 802.11u (Generic Advertisement Service) GAS frames

ANQP elements used for HS2.0 (not complete list) Roaming Consortium

Indicates roaming consortium or SSP (i.e. operator) whose security credentials can be used to authenticate with the AP Domain Name List

Domain Name of the entity operating the 802.11 network Values include: On-line enrollment supported, HTTP/S redirection

Operator Friendly Name Wi-Fi client can request a list of all the mobile operators' names that are allowed to automatically connect to

the Wi-Fi hotspot. If your operator's name is on the list, your device will proceed with connection decisions WAN Metrics

Provides information on the speed of the WAN connection to the Internet. Connection Capability

Provides connection status of the most commonly used communications protocols and ports. Network Access Identifier (NAI) Home Realm Query

Used by the STA to determine if the NAI realms for which it has security credentials are realms corresponding to SPs or other entities whose networks or services are accessible via this BSS. (Which service providers can I connect to here?)

Hotspot (HS) Query List Provided by STA to AP Carries identifiers of ANQP elements for which the mobile is querying the AP

Hotspot (HS) Capability List Provides list of information configured in AP back to the mobile device

Secure Access – Network Authentication Type • Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint is WPA2™ Secured Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint uses following credential type and EAP

methods

Credential Type EAP MethodCertificate EAP-TLS

SIM/USIM EAP-SIM , EAP-AKA

Username/Password (with server side certificates)

EAP-TTLS with MSCHAPv2

Secure Access

Hotspot GAS exchanges

Hotspot 2.0 capable AP Beacons and Probe Response frame include:RSN IE(WPA2)

Interworking Element (includes HESSID and Venue Information)Advertisement Protocol Element (Indicates ANQP)

Roaming Consortium Element(A list of roaming consortium identifier)The Hotspot 2.0 Indication element

Hotspot 2.0 capable STAs scan for networks and discover an AP advertising Hotspot 2.0 capability.

Hotspot 2.0 capable STA uses ANQP to the AP to determine properties of the Hotspot 2.0 Access Network. The Hotspot capable STA selects the ANQP query elements it requires to query the

Hotspot 2.0 network for Interworking Service information.

GAS Initial Request Frame( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP; ANQP Query = {Venue Name, Network Auth, Roaming Consortium, IP Address Type, NAI Realm, 3GPP Cellular information, Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name, WAN Metrics, Connection Capability} )

GAS Initial Response Frame( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP; Venue Name; Network Auth; Roaming Consortium; IP Address Type; NAI Realm; 3GPP Cellular information; Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name,; WAN Metrics; Connection Capability)

Hotspot 2.0 capable STA evaluates the response based on its Hotspot 2.0 subscription information and associated policy and choose to associate to the AP.

NOTE SSID is not necessary to make the network selection.

Associate and WPA2 EAP Authentication

Secure WPA2 Data Connectivity

Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi Small Cells

LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Basic Definition

Single device with LTE small cell and Wi-Fi capabilities Dynamic offload and hand-off between radios & networks

Basic requirements Femto + Wi-Fi connection management

– Connection method should be invisible to user» Smart policies and control in both terminal and network

– Smart system selection/ bandwidth management» Link quality based selection

– Preserve cellular management with Wi-Fi offload» Hotspot 2.0 generalization» Billing, roaming, authentication, security

Co-existence Self organizing LTE, Wi-Fi, and LTE+Wi-Fi

LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Advanced Advanced requirements

Femto + Wi-Fi connection management– Enhanced system selection/ bandwidth management

» Mobility/ velocity, application requirements

– Bandwidth aggregation» TCP layer (multipath TCP)» IP layer (Hy-Fi type)» MAC layer

Traffic shaping, network acceleration and backhaul optimization for LTE+Wi-Fi flows

RF and HW architectures, cost synergies

Thank you!

Service Provider Wi-Fi

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