September 2007. Turkey and World Merchandise Trade In year 2005 ; Top 3 countries with the largest...
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Transcript of September 2007. Turkey and World Merchandise Trade In year 2005 ; Top 3 countries with the largest...
September 2007
Turkey and World Merchandise Trade
In year 2005 ;
Top 3 countries with the largest export size, Germany, USA, China
Turkey; with 73,4 billion USD acquires %0,7 of world-wide export
Turkey’s rank in world-wide export is 34
Source: WTO REPORT 2006
Turkey and World Merchandise Trade
In year 2005;
Top 3 countries with the largest import size; USA, Germany, China
Türkiye with 116,6 billion USD acquires %1,1 of world-wide import
Turkey’s rank in world-wide import is 23
Source: WTO REPORT 2006
World-Wide Merchandise Trade
Textile + Clothing
2004 : %5
2005: %4,7
Source : DTM (2005)
2004 2005 Change2005 Rate
Agricultural Products 788,10 851,90 8% 8%
Fuel and Mining Products 1.284,10 1.748,50 36% 17%
Iron & Steel 270,70 318,20 18% 3%
Chemicals 983,10 1.104,10 12% 11%
Other Semi-Production Industry 643,60 710,80 10% 7%
Machinery and Vehicles 3.530,30 3.851,40 9% 38%
Textile 195,40 203,00 4% 2%
Clothing 259,20 275,60 6% 3%
Other Productin Industry 1.003,50 1.095,50 9% 11%
Grand Total 8.958,00 10.159,00 13% 100%
Turkish Textile and Clothing Sector
Textile Large/ Medium Size
Companies Capital Intense Approx. 2000 companies Info/Infrastructure Highly
Equipped Institutionalized 500.000 Employee
Business Size and Export Performance
Clothing Small/ Medium Size Companies Labour Intense 30000 big-little companies Less Equipped Flexible, Fast Decisions 2,5 million Employee
Textile’s Importance in Turkish Economy
Share in GNP % 7,8
Share in Industry % 19,9
Share in Production % 18,4
Share in Total Employment % 13,6
Share in Industry Employment % 23,9
Source: calculated by DPT, DIE ve SSK data
Textile and Clothing’s Contribution to GNP from the Foreign Trade Perspective
3,2 4,35,6 6,6
5,66,8 6,4
7,79,8
0
5
10
Milyar USD
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Yıl
Source: Calculated by DTM Data
Billion USD
Turkey’s Textile + Clothing Export
TOTAL EXPORT TEXT + CLOTH. EXP T+C
YEAR (billion $) (billion$) Share %
2000 27,8 10,0 36,1
2001 31,3 10,4 33,2
2002 36,1 12,2 33,7
2003 47,3 15,1 32,0
2004 63,2 17,6 27,9
2005 73,1 18,9 25,8
2006 85,8 19,6 22,8
2007-08 66,8 14,7 22,1
Source: DTM, İTKİB
Turkey’s Textile + Clothing Export
0
5
10
15
20
25
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Bil
lio
n U
SD
Turkey’s Textile and Clothing Export’s Proportion to Total Export
20%
22%24%
26%28%
30%
32%34%
36%38%
40%
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
EU25,USA vs. Turkey,China
EU25 Textile Import 20.972 million USDChina ; 3.921 million USD; %18,7 , 1. rankTurkey;3.395 million USD; %16,2 , 2. rank
EU25 Clothing Import 65.863 million USDChina; 16.052 million USD ; %24,4, 1. rankTurkey; 9.792 million USD; %14,9, 2. rank
USA Textile Import 20.662 million USDChina; 4.601 million USD, %22,3, 1. rank
Turkey; 655 million USD,%3,2, 9. rankKaynak : DPT Ongut Report 2005 Data
Turkey Export Clothing Mostly to :
1. Germany 3.459 million USD
2. UK 2.336 million USD
3. USA 1.020 million USD
4. France 969 million USD
5. Holland 887 million USD
6. Spain 751 million USD
7. Italy 658 million USD
First 7 Total : 10.080 million USD (% 72)
Total Export : 13.987 million USDKaynak : İTKİB 2006 Evaluation
Report
Turkey Export Textile Mostly to :
1. Italy 588 million USD
2. Russia 485 million USD
3. Germany 356 million USD
4. Romania 324 million USD
5. Bulgaria 247 million USD
6. Poland 231 million USD
7. England 230 million USD
First 7 Total : 2.461 million USD ( %44)
Total Export : 5.576 million USDKaynak : İTKİB 2006 Evaluation
Report
12%
9%
8%
6%7%
58%
Raw Material
Human Resources
Energy and Water Costs
Financial Expenses and Depreciation
Chemicals
Others
Cost Composition in Textile Products
Source ITKIB Sector Research
47%
26%
7%
10%10%
Raw Material
Human Resources
Financial Expenses and Depreciation
Excipient , Accessory
Others
Cost Composition in Clothing Products
Source ITKIB Sector Research
Input Price Index
YILCotton
Yarn IndexSynthetic
Yarn Index USD Index Euro Index
Minimum Wage Index
2002 100 100 100 100 100
2003 119,2 114,6 87,3 96,9 114,9
2004 122,4 122,4 87,4 105,5 145,1
2005 117,3 133,8 82 90,9 159,7
2006 134,6 165,2 88,4 106 173,5
Source: TGSD Pres./Ahmet Nakkaş
World Short- Staple Spindle Capacity
1990 1995 1998 2000 2005
(.000) % (.000) % (.000) % (.000) % (.000) %
India 26.549 16% 29.390 17% 34.874 21% 36.910 24% 34.140 18%
China 35.650 22% 41.585 25% 42.456 25% 33.826 22% 75.000 40%
Pakistan 5.098 3% 8.281 5% 8.333 5% 8.438 5% 10.278 5%
Indonesia 4.200 3% 6.500 4% 7.050 4% 7.078 5% 8.000 4%
Thailand 2.800 2% 4.000 2% 4.095 2% 3.719 2% 3.813 2%
Other Asia 23.135 14% 20.296 12% 17.806 11% 16.745 11% 18.631 10%
Total Asia 97.432 59% 110.052 65% 114.614 69% 106.716 69% 149.862 80%
Africa 7.627 5% 8.058 5% 7.765 5% 7.134 5% 6.228 3%
East Europe 8.456 5% 6.710 4% 5.681 3% 5.031 3% 4.940 3%
West Europe 11.627 7% 7.265 4% 6.256 4% 5.788 4% 3.784 2%
Turkey 3.900 2% 4.219 3% 5.382 3% 5.465 4% 6.418 3%
Russia 10.000 6% 4.306 3% 3.553 2% 3.390 2% 1.704 1%
Brazil 5.750 3% 9.000 5% 6.500 4% 5.523 4% 4.498 2%
USA 11.550 7% 6.261 4% 4.527 3% 3.706 2% 1.430 1%
Other 8.906 5% 12.413 7% 12.605 8% 12.928 8% 9.474 5%
Total 165.248 100% 168.284 100% 166.883 100% 155.681 100% 188.338 100%
Source: ITMA 2006 Report
East Europe Short-Staple Spindle Capacity
1990 1995 1998 2000 2005
(.000) % (.000) % (.000) % (.000) % (.000) %
Italy 1.925 17% 1.803 25% 1.667 27% 1.507 26% 1.205 32%
Spain 1.907 16% 1.159 16% 1.075 18% 1.019 18% 223 6%
Portugal 2.007 17% 1.200 17% 1.100 18% 1.010 17% 860 23%
Greece 1.468 13% 800 11% 877 14% 877 15% 682 18%
Germany 1.576 14% 679 9% 487 8% 487 8% 266 7%
France 766 7% 409 6% 277 5% 277 5% 72 2%
UK 661 6% 277 4% 131 2% 131 2% 130 3%
Other 1.317 11% 938 13% 481 8% 481 8% 346 9%
Total 11.627 100% 7.265 100% 6.095 100% 5.789 100% 3.784 100%
Source ITMA 2006 Report
Sectoral Strategies : Parameters of Competition In Production
Countries Corporate Tax Rate
Governmental Employment
Burdens over Base Pay
Average Labour Cost Base Pay USD /
HourEnergy Prices
Industry KWH/USD
Romania 16 21,0 1,60 0,96
Albania 23 30,7 1,10 0,65
Egypt 20 25,0 0,85 0,21
Uzbekistan 15 + 8 31,0 0,60 0,25
Poland 19 41,9 3,80 0,7
China 33 35,0 0,60 0,55
India 33,7 16,8 0,67 0,8
Bangladesh 37,5 0,0 0,28 0,4
Tunisia 35 21,8 2,05 0,45
Vietnam 28 17,0 0,28 0,35
TURKEY 30 42,8 2,88 1,07
Source Ufuk 2015 Pres./Dr. Can Fuat Gürlesel
Turkish Textile’s Strenghts
1. High Capital Investment
2. Fast Delivery
3. Proximity to EU Market
4. Product Variety
5. Well-Educated, Entrepreneur Executives
6. Infrastructure of Transportation
Turkish Textiles’ Weaknesses
1. High Bank Loan Rates
2. High Labour Cost
3. High Public Burden
4. Expensive, energy, communication, transportation
5. Not Having Brands
Weaving- Clothing35%
Other Production32%
Mining1%
Agriculture1%Energy
6%
Services25%
Investment Incentives (1995-2005)
Source :HM
Investment Incentives (1995-2005)
Total : 173.222 Billion USD
Source : HM
Weaving- Clothing; 59.951
Other Production; 54.707
AgricultureMining
Energy; 10.767
Services; 43.461
Turkey 2005 Spindle Capacity
2005 Ring Capacity ;
Short Staple 6.418.744
Long Staple 743.000
Total Ring Capacity 7.161.744
2005 OE Rotor Capacity ; 552.634
Source ITMA 2006 Report
Turkey 2005 Weaving Capacity
2005 Weaving Capacity
Shuttle - Less ; 25.000
Shuttle ; 30.000
Total Cotton-Yarn Weaving 55.000
Filament Weaving 3.000
Wool Weaving 6.250 Source ITMA 2006 Report
Business Strategies : There will be 3 types of business in the sector
Business Type Connection Competition Elements
Business having brands in both domestic and international
market
Direct contact with domestic and
international customers/consu
mers
“ GLOCAL “ Brands OwnerDirect Sales via shops in homeland , abroadDesign Collection Fashion BrandGoods produced by contract manufacturers Quality- Price CompetitionMedium- Large Scale
Supplies producing to
global brands and buyers
Direct contact with Foreign wholesaler /
Retailer / Buyer
Design Collection CapacityFlexible small parties, Fast Production AbilityBoth produce and use contract manufacturersCost/Price – Quality CompetitionSmall – Medium Scale
Domestic Contract
Manufacturers
Direct contact with domestic
suppliers
Effective, Efficient, Quality ProductionFlexible, Small Party, Fast ProductionSmall – Medium ScaleCost/Price Competition
Kaynak Ufuk 2015 Pres./Dr. Can Fuat Gürlesel
Business Strategies; There will be 4 ways of transformation
TRANSFORMATIONS OLD WAY NEW WAY
PRODUCTION HIGH CAPACITY MASS PRODUCTION
FLEXIBLE, SMALL PARTY PRODUCTION
DESIGN SUPPLIER AND CONTRACT
MANUFACTURER PRODUCTS
VALUE ADDED , BRANDY PRODUCTS
MARKETTING PASSIVE MARKETTING ACTIVE MARKETTING
BRAND SUPPLIER AND CONTRACT
MANUFACTURER PRODUCTS
BRAND OWNED PRODUCTS
Source Ufuk 2015 Pres./Dr. Can Fuat Gürlesel