SEMINAR ON igct
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Transcript of SEMINAR ON igct
Seminar on IGCT-technology
Presented by:
Sandeep Guha NiyogiM.Tech (PED)roll no:852010
contentscontents
Development of semiconductorsDevelopment of semiconductorsComparison of GTO and IGCT 1Comparison of GTO and IGCT 1stst
gengenIGCT with gate drive equipmentsIGCT with gate drive equipments
Applications of IGCTApplications of IGCT--IGCTs for high power CSI--IGCTs for high power CSI
--IGCTs for VSI--IGCTs for VSI--series connection of IGCTs--series connection of IGCTs
--100MVA intertie--100MVA intertieConclusionConclusionReferencesReferences
Development time line of power semiconductors
History & development of IGCTHistory & development of IGCT
An IGCT is a special type of An IGCT is a special type of Thyristor similar to a GTO. They Thyristor similar to a GTO. They
can be turned on and off by a can be turned on and off by a gate signal, have lower gate signal, have lower
conduction loss as compared to conduction loss as compared to GTOs, and withstand higher GTOs, and withstand higher
rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such rates of voltage rise (dv/dt), such that no Snubber is required for that no Snubber is required for
most applications most applications
Successfully combines the best Successfully combines the best of Thyristor and transistor of Thyristor and transistor
characteristics, while fulfilling characteristics, while fulfilling the additional requirements of the additional requirements of
manufacturability and high manufacturability and high reliability. reliability.
Comparison between GTO and IGCT
IGCT with its gate driver IGCT with its gate driver equipmentsequipments
Integrated gate signal
unit
Gate power supply Isolation transformer
GCT
4.5kv-4kA
Applications of IGCTApplications of IGCT
--Current source inverters--Current source inverters--Voltage source inverters--Voltage source inverters
--series connection of IGCTs--series connection of IGCTs--the 100MVA intertie--the 100MVA intertie
--in railways--in railways
IGCT for high power CSI
Basic CSI circuit Test circuit
Cross-section of a reverse blocking IGCT. TheCross-section of a reverse blocking IGCT. TheCathode side of the GCT wafer (with gate contact) forms theCathode side of the GCT wafer (with gate contact) forms the
Cathode of the whole device; the anode side of the diodeCathode of the whole device; the anode side of the diodeWafer the anode. Anode of GCT wafer and cathode of diode Wafer the anode. Anode of GCT wafer and cathode of diode
wafer are connected by a molybdenum diskwafer are connected by a molybdenum disk
RB-IGCT can be realized by two ways:RB-IGCT can be realized by two ways:-symmetric processing-symmetric processing
-series connection of a diode with IGCT-series connection of a diode with IGCT
Turn-on characteristics
The reverse blocking IGCT can either be turned on from: (1) the forward-biased state by a positive gate pulse
(following negative gate-bias), or from: (2) the reverse-biased state by current commutation
from the complimentary device (following positive gate-bias)
Turn-off characteristicsTurn-off characteristics
Test circuit to determine the Waveform of Test circuit to determine the Waveform of RB-IGCT during turn offRB-IGCT during turn off
IGCTs for VSIIGCTs for VSI
Reverse conducting IGCTs (RC-IGCT), asymmetric IGCTs (AS-IGCT) and their Reverse conducting IGCTs (RC-IGCT), asymmetric IGCTs (AS-IGCT) and their corresponding diodes are qualified and tested in test circuits built according to the corresponding diodes are qualified and tested in test circuits built according to the circuit diagramcircuit diagram
Test circuit for IGCTs in VSI
Design criteria for inverters using IGCT
Critical di/dt of the freewheeling diode
Maximum device voltage VDM
VDM is not allowed to exceed rated blocking Voltage of either IGCTs or the diode
VDM < VDRM, VRRM
Contd:Contd:
Clamp voltage overshoot Clamp voltage overshoot ∆∆VVCL CL
∆∆VVCL CL must be close to ZERO before next must be close to ZERO before next switching takes place so as to remain in SOA of switching takes place so as to remain in SOA of diodes and IGCTsdiodes and IGCTs
Clamp diode current IClamp diode current IDCLDCL
IIDCLDCL must also be zero before IGCT turns on must also be zero before IGCT turns on again.again.
Series connection of IGCTsSeries connection of IGCTs
Major advantages:Major advantages:
-in the event that an IGCT fails the -in the event that an IGCT fails the installation continues without installation continues without interruption.interruption.
-Addition of redundant IGCTs reduces -Addition of redundant IGCTs reduces voltage load of each individual device voltage load of each individual device
First commercial First commercial application of series application of series
connected IGCTsconnected IGCTsThe 100MVA inter-tie The 100MVA inter-tie
a a HIGH POWER HIGH POWER IGCT INVERTER IGCT INVERTER
MODULEMODULE
THE 100MVA INTERTIETHE 100MVA INTERTIEManufactured by ABB. Installed between 3-Manufactured by ABB. Installed between 3-φφ 50Hz grid and 1- 50Hz grid and 1- φφ 16⅔Hz railway grid in 16⅔Hz railway grid in germanygermany11stst generation of IGCTs are used with generation of IGCTs are used with series connection of six-IGCTs.series connection of six-IGCTs.
IGCT TECHNOLOGY IN TRACTION IGCT TECHNOLOGY IN TRACTION CONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVESCONVERTERS FOR ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
Traction converters are designed for DC Traction converters are designed for DC motor power supply of large traction motor power supply of large traction vehicles which are supplied by following vehicles which are supplied by following traction systems: 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, 3000 traction systems: 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, 3000 V DC etc. The converters are equipped by V DC etc. The converters are equipped by modern power semiconductor units modern power semiconductor units especially IGCT Thyristor. Rugged design especially IGCT Thyristor. Rugged design and excellent quality of these devices are and excellent quality of these devices are guarantee of long lifetime as well as high guarantee of long lifetime as well as high operating reliability. Converters with operating reliability. Converters with IGCT Thyristor brings following IGCT Thyristor brings following advantages:advantages:
Current ripple reduction that enables Current ripple reduction that enables higher operating frequency of tractionhigher operating frequency of traction
increasing of traction motor lifetime increasing of traction motor lifetime better driving characteristics of vehiclebetter driving characteristics of vehicle
higher operating reliabilityhigher operating reliability Lower power consumptionLower power consumption Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
IGCT-a new solution for rail IGCT-a new solution for rail vehiclesvehicles
The IGCT turn-off thyristor system for traction equipment has The IGCT turn-off thyristor system for traction equipment has now been in use for nearly two years on some ČD Class 560 now been in use for nearly two years on some ČD Class 560
Emus, and it is functioning well. It introduces two novelties into Emus, and it is functioning well. It introduces two novelties into ČD motive power technology - modern IGCT converter control ČD motive power technology - modern IGCT converter control
and compatible rectifiers. Thanks to the latter, when running off and compatible rectifiers. Thanks to the latter, when running off 25 kV 50 Hz a locomotive fitted with IGCT consumes a virtually 25 kV 50 Hz a locomotive fitted with IGCT consumes a virtually
sinusoidal current, and at a power factor close to 1. sinusoidal current, and at a power factor close to 1.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
IGCT has penetrated virtually every power IGCT has penetrated virtually every power electronic application and is currently in electronic application and is currently in
service in equipment ranging from 200kW to service in equipment ranging from 200kW to 100MW with still higher ratings in design. 100MW with still higher ratings in design.
Higher and lower voltages are under Higher and lower voltages are under consideration, but their commercialization will consideration, but their commercialization will
depend on market demand and economics. depend on market demand and economics.
referencesreferences
IGCTs for high power applications-IGCTs for high power applications-ABB INDUSTRIES website.ABB INDUSTRIES website.optimization of IGCTs for CSI-ABB optimization of IGCTs for CSI-ABB INDUSTRIES website.INDUSTRIES website.www.ABBsemiconductors.apxmwww.ABBsemiconductors.apxmwww.railvolution.htmwww.railvolution.htm