SEMINAR ON SEMINAR ON F1 CARSF1 CARS

IntroductionIntroduction Most sophisticated vehicles used in the most Most sophisticated vehicles used in the most

technologically advanced form of sports.technologically advanced form of sports. Each and every minute details tuned to perfectionEach and every minute details tuned to perfection Each f1 team has the responsibility to come up Each f1 team has the responsibility to come up

with the most efficient design.with the most efficient design. Bringing the f1 cars to a halt is an incredible Bringing the f1 cars to a halt is an incredible

challenge.challenge. F1 car driving demands precision, incredibly fast F1 car driving demands precision, incredibly fast

reflexes and endurance from the driver.reflexes and endurance from the driver.

The ChassisThe Chassis CharacteristicsCharacteristics

• Single seat carsSingle seat cars• Open cockpitOpen cockpit• Open wheelsOpen wheels• Wings at front and rearWings at front and rear• Position of the engine is behind the driverPosition of the engine is behind the driver

The CockpitThe Cockpit Cockpit is a very sparse environment.Cockpit is a very sparse environment. Driver has limited movement.Driver has limited movement. Driver experiences G-forces.Driver experiences G-forces. Designers are forever trying to lower the centre of Designers are forever trying to lower the centre of

gravity of the car.gravity of the car.

AerodynamicsAerodynamics Wing theoryWing theory

Rear wingRear wing Front wingFront wing

Barge boardsBarge boards DiffuserDiffuser

Wing theoryWing theory Uses the same principle as an aircraft.Uses the same principle as an aircraft. Aircraft uses lift whereas f1 cars uses down-force.Aircraft uses lift whereas f1 cars uses down-force. Drag- another important factor on an f1 car.Drag- another important factor on an f1 car.

Rear wingRear wing Made up of 2 sets of aerofoil connected to each Made up of 2 sets of aerofoil connected to each

other by wing endplates.other by wing endplates. Top aerofoil made up of a maximum of 3 elements.Top aerofoil made up of a maximum of 3 elements. Lower aerofoil made up of single element.Lower aerofoil made up of single element. Endplates prevent the air from spilling over the sides Endplates prevent the air from spilling over the sides

of the wings.of the wings.

Front wingFront wing Asymmetrical wing flaps on either side of the nose Asymmetrical wing flaps on either side of the nose

cones.cones. Asymmetrical shape allows better airflow Asymmetrical shape allows better airflow

increasing down-force.increasing down-force. Inside edges of the front wing endplates curvedInside edges of the front wing endplates curved..

Barge-boardsBarge-boards

Mounted between front wheels and side-pods.Mounted between front wheels and side-pods. Can be situated in the suspension.Can be situated in the suspension. Main purpose- Smoothen and direct the airflow Main purpose- Smoothen and direct the airflow

coming from the front wheels.coming from the front wheels. They have contours to direct airflow in different They have contours to direct airflow in different

directions.directions.

DiffuserDiffuser Situated at the underside Situated at the underside

of the car behind the rear of the car behind the rear axle line.axle line.

Consists of many tunnels Consists of many tunnels and splitters to control and splitters to control airflow.airflow.

Maximizes suction effect Maximizes suction effect thus increasing down-forcethus increasing down-force..

EngineEngine Ten times horse-power of a normal road car.Ten times horse-power of a normal road car. Operate at very high temperatures.Operate at very high temperatures. Limited to 3 litre, normally with 10 cylinders.Limited to 3 litre, normally with 10 cylinders. Engines made from forged aluminium.Engines made from forged aluminium. Some components made from ceramics in order to Some components made from ceramics in order to

reduce internal inertia of moving parts.reduce internal inertia of moving parts.

What makes these engines What makes these engines different to road car engines?different to road car engines?

Air-boxAir-box Fuel and fuel tankFuel and fuel tank ExhaustsExhausts Cooling systemsCooling systems Transmissions Transmissions

• Clutch Clutch • GearboxGearbox• Gear ratiosGear ratios• DifferentialDifferential

Tyres Tyres Must be able to withstand very high stresses and Must be able to withstand very high stresses and

temperatures.temperatures. Tyres filled with special nitrogen rich, moisture Tyres filled with special nitrogen rich, moisture

free gas.free gas. Tyres made up of 4 ingredients- carbon blacks, Tyres made up of 4 ingredients- carbon blacks,

polymers, oils and curatives.polymers, oils and curatives. 3 types of tyres are used3 types of tyres are used

• Dry tyreDry tyre• Intermediate tyreIntermediate tyre• Wet tyreWet tyre

The SuspensionsThe Suspensions Two forms of suspension.Two forms of suspension.

• Traditional coil spring setup.Traditional coil spring setup.• Torsion bar setupTorsion bar setup

Both forms are mounted on the chassis.Both forms are mounted on the chassis.

DampersDampers Often called shock absorbers.Often called shock absorbers. Main purpose is to prevent the spring from Main purpose is to prevent the spring from

oscillating too muchoscillating too much These dampers can be tuned to alter the These dampers can be tuned to alter the

handling.handling.

The BrakesThe Brakes F1 cars use disc brakes designed to work at 750 F1 cars use disc brakes designed to work at 750

degrees celcius.degrees celcius. Brakes are set up with 60% braking force to the Brakes are set up with 60% braking force to the

front and 40% to the rear.front and 40% to the rear. Drivers are able to adjust the balance btw front Drivers are able to adjust the balance btw front

and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit.and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit. Rotating discs are gripped by caliper squeezing Rotating discs are gripped by caliper squeezing

the disc.the disc. Discs are drilled for airflow to keep temperature Discs are drilled for airflow to keep temperature

down.down. Front and rear braking systems are connected Front and rear braking systems are connected

separately separately

Steering wheel and pedalsSteering wheel and pedals A sophisticated steering wheel with all the A sophisticated steering wheel with all the

information available.information available. On the front of the wheel items such as rev lights, On the front of the wheel items such as rev lights,

speed limit button, fuel mixture controls, radio speed limit button, fuel mixture controls, radio buttons etc. are provided.buttons etc. are provided.

Levers for changing gears are located on the back Levers for changing gears are located on the back of the wheel.of the wheel.

Pedals are designed specifically for each driver.Pedals are designed specifically for each driver. Only 2 pedals are available- for acceleration and Only 2 pedals are available- for acceleration and

for braking.for braking.

1. Regulates front brakes 2 .Regulates rear brakes 3 .Rev Shift lights 4 – 5. Lap time display 6 .Neutral gear buttons 7. Display for Gear, engine RPM, water & oil temperatures 8 .Engine cut-off switch 9 .Place to add small map of track with sector breakdowns10. Activates drink bottle pump11 .Brake balance selector12 .Manual activation of fuel door13 .Air / fuel mix selector14 .Power steering servo regulator15 .Specific car program recall16 .Engine mapping selector17 .Selection 'enter' key18 .Electronic throttle regulators19 .Change menus on display20 .Pits to car radio activation21 .Pit lane speed limiter activation

Each part costs: Each part costs: PARTS AMOUNTPARTS AMOUNT SINGLE PRICE (€)SINGLE PRICE (€) AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€) AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€) MonocoqueMonocoque 112 360 1 112 360 1 112,360 112,360 BodyworkBodywork 8026 1 8026 1 8,026 8,026 Rear Wing 12842Rear Wing 12842 1 1 12,842 12,842 Front WingFront Wing 16051 16051 1 1 16,051 16,051 EngineEngine 240770 240770 1 1 240,770 240,770 Gearbox 128411Gearbox 128411 1 1 128,411 128,411 Gear Ratios (set)Gear Ratios (set) 112360 112360 1 1 112,360 112,360 Exhaust SystemExhaust System 9631 9631 1 1 9,631 9,631 Telemetry 128411 1Telemetry 128411 1 128,411 128,411 Fire ExtinguisherFire Extinguisher 3210 3210 2 6,420 2 6,420 Brake Discs 964 4 3,856Brake Discs 964 4 3,856 Brake Pads 642Brake Pads 642 8 5,136 8 5,136 Brake CallipersBrake Callipers 16051 16051 4 4 64,205 64,205 WheelsWheels 1124 4 1124 4 4,496 4,496 TyresTyres 642 642 4 4 2,568 2,568 Shock AbsorberShock Absorber 2087 2087 4 4 8,346 8,346 Pedals (set) 1605 1Pedals (set) 1605 1 1,605 1,605

Dashboard 3210Dashboard 3210 1 1 3,210 3,210 Steering SystemSteering System 4815 4815 1 1 4,815 4,815 Steering WheelSteering Wheel 32103 32103 1 1 32,103 32,103 Fuel Tank 9632Fuel Tank 9632 1 9,632 1 9,632 Suspension 3210Suspension 3210 1 1 3,210 3,210 WiringWiring 8026 8026 1 1 8,026 8,026 GRAND TOTAL GRAND TOTAL € 926,490 € 926,490

In addition to the build costs, thousands of pounds will be spent on designing the car. Design costs include the making of models, using the wind tunnel and paying crash test expenses etc. The cost of producing the final product will be €7,700,000

Random facts about f1Random facts about f1 In an f1 engine revving at 18000rpm, piston travels up In an f1 engine revving at 18000rpm, piston travels up

and down 300 times a second.and down 300 times a second. If a connecting rod let go of its piston at max speed, If a connecting rod let go of its piston at max speed,

the piston would have enough energy to travel the piston would have enough energy to travel vertically over 100 metres.vertically over 100 metres.

If a water hose were to blow off, complete cooling If a water hose were to blow off, complete cooling system would empty in just over a second.system would empty in just over a second.

F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks.F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks. F1 car has as many as 8 radios operating at a time.F1 car has as many as 8 radios operating at a time.

ConclusionConclusion The car’s engine, suspension, aerodynamics, tyres etc The car’s engine, suspension, aerodynamics, tyres etc

determine how fast they go.determine how fast they go. The engineering of materials, cooling system, The engineering of materials, cooling system,

aerodynamics and high temperature structural aerodynamics and high temperature structural stiffness of f1 components is leading edge technology.stiffness of f1 components is leading edge technology.

Getting the car tuned up and keeping it in a state of Getting the car tuned up and keeping it in a state of perfection are 2 of the team’s most important tasks perfection are 2 of the team’s most important tasks during a season.during a season.

THANK YOU……THANK YOU……