Seminar in IPM Theory and Seminar in IPM Theory and Practice (ENY 6934)Practice (ENY 6934)

Norm LepplaNorm LepplaUniversity of Florida, IFAS

Introduction to Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• History of IPM• What is IPM?• IPM practices and applications• Pest outbreaks and growers reaction • IPM education, training and credentials• Access to IPM information• Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere

•DDT introduced in 1939, resistance 1947DDT introduced in 1939, resistance 1947•Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950sPesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s•Thousands of pesticides registered (~$40 Thousands of pesticides registered (~$40 billion worldwide by 2007) billion worldwide by 2007) •The “Magic bullet“ mindset establishedThe “Magic bullet“ mindset established•Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith, Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith, van den Bosch, and Hagen (1959)van den Bosch, and Hagen (1959)•Rachael Carson, Silent Spring (1962)Rachael Carson, Silent Spring (1962)

Synthetic Pesticide Proliferation and Concerns

Government’s Reaction Nixon Administration 1969-74Nixon Administration 1969-74

1969- National Environmental Policy Act (CEQ) 1970- EPA established1972- FIFRA extensively amended (first passed

in 1947)1972- EPA cancels most uses of DDT1972- The "Huffaker Project" $12.5 million

(NSF, USDA, EPA)

Government’s Action Ford 1974, Carter 1977, Reagan Ford 1974, Carter 1977, Reagan

1981, Bush 1989-931981, Bush 1989-93

1975- CES Extension IPM, every state $0.5-$1.5 m

1979- “Adkisson Project” $3.5 million

1989- Biocontrol Centennial1990- NBCI, ANBP, IBMA, etc.1990- National Organic

Production Act1992- First National IPM Forum

Government’s Action Clinton Administration 1993-2001

1993- NAS, Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children; IPM Initiative, IPM in 75% of nation's crops by 2000; Pesticide reduction- DOD, GSA, USFS, NPS

1996- NAS, Ecologically Based Pest Management, New Solutions for a New Century; FQPA Act

1998- CSREES Regional IPM Centers, RIPM (GAO) 2001- G. W. Bush presidency relaxed regulation2009- B. H. Obama presidency, reduce USDA, ARS;

reorganize NIFA.

National Road Map for Integrated Pest Management

(USDA, Office of Pest Management Policy)May 17, 2004

http://www.ipmcenters.org/Docs/IPMRoadMap.pdf

What is IPM?

Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long-standing, science-based, decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks from pests and pest management related strategies..

What is IPM?

IPM is the coordinated use of pest and environmental information and available pest control methods…

to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means...

with the least possible hazard to people, property and the environment.

• Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics

• Environmental contamination

• Human health hazards

• Pest mgmt. costs

• Reduce

risk…

IPM SystemINCREASE…

• Reliability

• Sustainability

Cultural Methods

Biological Control

Chem

IPM Practices

Where is IPM practiced?

7th International IPM Symposium

Sustainable and organic agricultureSustainable and organic agriculture Food security, safety and qualityFood security, safety and quality Community and school IPMCommunity and school IPM Environmental, conservationEnvironmental, conservation Federal and state regulatory activitiesFederal and state regulatory activities Public health, renewable energy, etc. Public health, renewable energy, etc.

Due to its tremendous success and acceptance, IPM is in:

http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/

What Causes Pest Outbreaks?

Alien invasive speciesAlien invasive species Disrupted environmentsDisrupted environments Pesticide resistancePesticide resistance Local invasionsLocal invasions PerceptionsPerceptions Others causes?Others causes?

Grower’s Reaction to Grower’s Reaction to OutbreaksOutbreaks

Resistant Crop

• Competitors

• Natural enemies

• Resistant varieties

Vulnerable Crop

Alien Invasive Pest

Integrated pest management program: • Cultural practices• Scouting, Identification of pests and NE• Conservation of natural enemies• Augmentation of natural enemies• Reduced-risk insecticides• Resistance management

Pesticide program:• Application methods• Resistance management• New pesticides

ReactionReaction to to a New Pesta New Pest

Biological knowledgeBiological knowledge Monitoring and inspectionMonitoring and inspection Act to control pests when necessaryAct to control pests when necessary Choose least-risk options Choose least-risk options Long-term, preventative practicesLong-term, preventative practices Evaluation and recordsEvaluation and records Pesticide managementPesticide management Continual improvementContinual improvement

Generic IPM ProgramGeneric IPM Program

IPM Education and Training

Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat manipulation and other cultural practicesmanipulation and other cultural practices

Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., crops or buildingscrops or buildings

Know the life cycles of the host plants, Know the life cycles of the host plants, pests and beneficial organismspests and beneficial organisms

Understand the ecology and adaptability Understand the ecology and adaptability of the organismsof the organisms

Pest Prevention and Detection

IPM Education and Training

Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques

Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms

Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds

Design systems of mitigation that minimize environmental impacts

Pest Identification and Management

IPM Education and Training

Practice safe and appropriate use of Practice safe and appropriate use of pesticides and other IPM tacticspesticides and other IPM tactics

Know current laws and regulations Know current laws and regulations pertinent to pest managementpertinent to pest management

Be able to rapidly access pest Be able to rapidly access pest management information management information

Be involved in pest management and Be involved in pest management and related organizationsrelated organizations

General Knowledge and Professionalism

IPM Capabilities

Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary education in the traditional scientific disciplines plus hands-on, practical experience is essential.

Synthesis & integration. Education and training prepare pest managers to synthesize knowledge from across disciplines and integrate pest management within entire production systems.

IPM Capabilities

Problem solving & critical thinkingProblem solving & critical thinking. . Experience is gained in accurately Experience is gained in accurately diagnosing and rapidly solving diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health plant health problems while minimizing environmental problems while minimizing environmental impacts and economic losses.impacts and economic losses.

Speaking & writing effectivelySpeaking & writing effectively. Superior . Superior communication skillscommunication skills, both written and , both written and verbal, are required to effectively verbal, are required to effectively communicate IPM principles and practices. communicate IPM principles and practices.

IPM Education, Training and Credentials

University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu)

B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in Entomology or Nematology

Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest Management, or Pest Control Technology

Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)

University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health

University M.S. programs

IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota)

Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE

American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist (CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist

National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants- Crop Certification

State CCA, e.g., California

IPM Education, Training and Credentials

• Habitat-specific integrated pest management guides, fact sheets,• EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc.•  Links to specialized websites with pest management information specific to a crop or situation.• Key contacts for expert advice on managing pests.•  Additional resources for pest identification and management, e.g., diagnostic services.

Direct Access to IPM Information

Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)

The EDIS website is a comprehensive, The EDIS website is a comprehensive, single-source repository of all current single-source repository of all current

UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed publications (about 7,500). publications (about 7,500).

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

Agriculture

Community Development

Environment

Families & Consumers

4H Youth development

Lawn & Garden

•Aquaculture•Crops•Livestock•Nursery & GH•Organic farming•Agricultural safety•Small farms•Turf & sod

Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)

Extension Extension GuidesGuides

or

Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department of Entomology and Nematology and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' Division of Plant Industry. All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

                                                                                                             

                                                                                                              

Opportunities for Sustainable Food Crop Production

Research innovationsResearch innovations Technology implementationTechnology implementation Rapid information exchangeRapid information exchange Education and trainingEducation and training Biosecurity and tradeBiosecurity and trade Food safety- supply chainFood safety- supply chain Environmental stewardshipEnvironmental stewardship

Major Florida Crops Approx. Ac IPM Programs Lead IFAS Faculty IPM Asst.

Blueberry 10,134 X Liburd

Citrus (orchards) 576,577 X Rogers, Stansly X

Cotton 80,053 X ?

Corn (grain) 33,915 ? Nuessly

Corn (silage) 27,005 ? Nuessly

Corn (sweet) 29,000 ?, PMSP Nuessly

Grape 300 ? Liburd X

Melons 25,000 ?, PMSP Webb

Organic 5,974 X Swisher

Ornamental (woody) 35,000 X, PMSP Buss, Mizell X

Ornamental (GH & SH) 40,000 ? Osborne, Mannion, Arthurs

X

Pasture (forage) 354,860 ? ? X

Pasture (hay) 327,547 ? ?

Pecan 8,652 ? Mizell

Peppers (Field) 6,100 X Funderburk, Stansly X

Peanut 118,637 ? ?

Potato 27,200 ?, PMSP ?

Rice 11,376 ? ?

Snap bean 12,400 ? ?

Soybean 12,066 ? ?

Strawberry 7,500 X, PMSP Liburd, Price X

Sugarcane 378,587 ? Cherry

Tomato (Field) 35,000 X Funderburk, Stansly X

Tropical fruit 10,000 ?, PMSP Pena

Turf (Sod) 100,000 ? Buss X

Vegetables 224,837 X (PMSP) Stansly, Webb X

Vegetables (GH) 100 X (some) Osborne

IPM for Florida Crops

http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu

IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for

UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education faculty