Appraisal tools for assessing landscape functions

Betha Lusiana ECOLOGICAL MODELLING UNIT – ICRAF SouthEastAsia Regional Office

Tree cover transitions and investment in multi-colored economy March 13th 2013

CRP 6.3 Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods

Key Research Themes

6.3.1. Understanding drivers of forest transition as a prerequisite for their management

6.3.2. Understanding the consequences of forest transition for environmental goods and services and livelihoods 6.3.3. Enhancing response and policy options to sustain and maximize environmental and social benefit from multifunctional landscape

Appraisal tools for landscape functions

PaLA: Participatory Landscape Appraisal RHA: Rapid Hydrological Appraisal RACSA: RApid Carbon Stocks Appraisal RABA: Rapid Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal – using QBS (Quick agro-Biodiversity Survey)

RHA Framework: Integrating stakeholders’ knowledge

To clarify:

What watershed function is being

provided

How the watershed function is

provided

Who provides this service

How it is being impacted land

cover change

1. Land cover/land cover change analysis

Land Cover Proportion

in Singkarak Basin

15%

1%

12%

5%

15%17%

1%

2%

8%

11%

13%

Forest

Pine

Mix garden

Mix garden (coconut)

Agricultural fields

Ricefield

Shrub

Grass

Settlement

Water body

No data (cloud and shadow)

Information on distribution of land cover, historical use

2. Stakeholder analysis

Stakeholder Male farmers Female farmers Local government Non-government

Composition From jorong (village) Subarang, Parumahan, Gando.

From jorong (village) Koto Baru, Kampuang Tangah.

Head of Jorong, Planning Agency: BPN (Badan Perencanaan Nagari), PLTA (HEP, Hydro Electric Power), BP-DAS Province

Bundo Kanduang, Majelis Ulama Nagari, Karapatan Antar Nagari.

Stakeholder groups in Nagari Paninggahan, Singkarak

Who is involved, who is affected by the watershed

What are perceived watershed issues and solution.

3. Local and Policy-maker knowledge survey

Pines

Needles leaf

Fire

hazard.

Cutting

Deep root

Land

coverage

Soil evaporation

Groundwater

Water Source

Used for fire

wood and hut.

Tree density

Banio, Surian, Bayua, Madang

(Natural Forest)

Big leaf

Crop

Grass

Season

Type of Soil

Dry

Rainy

Dry

Rainy

Clay

Limestone

Factors influencing water availability

Water holding capacity on lake

Riparian Area

River flow

Meandering

Water tunnel

Open

land

Flooding

Lake water surface

Lake sediment

Erosion Water quantity of river

Rainy

season

River sediment

Flooding of

rice field

Outflow

Factors influencing flooding

4. Modelling landscape hydrology

What is the effect of land cover? Rainfall?

on Landscape water balance? Hydro electric power performance?

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

50% less

rain

25% less

rain

Default

rainfall

25% more

rain

50% more

rain

Perf

orm

an

ce H

EP

P

Best year

Mean

Worst year

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Cu

rren

t L

U

mix

Deg

rad

. _ a

ll

Deg

rad

. _

Lakesid

e

Sev.D

eg

rad

.

_ L

akesid

e

Deg

rad

. _

Pan

ing

ah

an

Sev.D

eg

rad

.

_

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e H

EP

P

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Nat.Forest _

all

Nat.Forest _

Lakeside

Nat.Forest _

Paningahan

Current LU

mix

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e H

EP

P

0.50.550.6

0.650.7

0.750.8

0.85

0.90.95

1

Pin

us ref

ore

stat

ion

_ al

l

Pin

us ref

ore

stat

ion

_ La

kesi

de

Pin

us ref

ore

stat

ion

_ Pan

ingah

an

Cur

rent

LU m

ix

Perf

orm

an

ce H

EP

P

Declining water quality due to erosion reduced ‘ikan bilih’

Sedimentation and erosion threatened PLTA

Flooding caused by deforestation

Intensive agriculture & deforestation caused insufficiency of water yield for PLTA

Reforestation to reduce erosion and increase water availability

Declining water quality due to erosion reduced ‘ikan bilih’

Sedimentation and erosion threatened PLTA

Flooding caused by deforestation

Intensive agriculture & deforestation caused insufficiency of water yield for PLTA

Reforestation to reduce erosion and increase water availability Disappearance of ‘ikan bilih’ due to decreasing water quality and overfishing

Reduction of water quality will also influence the performance of PLTA (euthrophication)

Declining water quality due to erosion reduced ‘ikan bilih’

Sedimentation and erosion threatened PLTA

Flooding caused by deforestation

Intensive agriculture & deforestation caused insufficiency of water yield for PLTA

Reforestation to reduce erosion and increase water availability

Climatic variation influences the performance of PLTA more than land use change

5. Integrating and reconciling local, policy-maker and scientific knowledge Perceived watershed issues and solution

Reforestation to reduce erosion and increase water availability

Reforestation of ‘critical land ‘ will not be enough to increase water yield & may actually reduce water yield due to increase in evapotranspiration

5. Integrating and reconciling local, policy-maker and scientific knowledge

Implication of RHA oucomes?

Before RHA: Reward scheme focused on HEPP as buyer and reforestation as the main activity to increase water availability

After RHA: Rewad schemes are multi-scales. Target buyer becomes wider and the objectives of watershed management are maintaining water flow as well as water quality

Reward scheme activities in Singkarak - multiscales

Nagari Paninggahan

Watershed Scale : 12 Nagari around Lake Singkarak (Selingkar Danau) form a grup and commited to manage watershed functions & to develop management plan with provincial environmental department for submisiion to the Ministry of Environment

Nagari/District Scale: 1. Ecocertification of organic coffee 2. Voluntary Carbon Mechanism – small scale

Reward scheme activities in Singkarak - multiscales

Where have we applied the carbon, agro-biodiversity and hydrological appraisal tools?

Potentially in other region as well ..