SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part -...

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SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology Dinabandhu Andrews College Kolkata-700 084

Transcript of SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part -...

Page 1: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

SEM IV ZOOA

CC8 UNIT 6:NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS

(Part - 1)

Ruksa NurAssistant Professor

Department of ZoologyDinabandhu Andrews College

Kolkata-700 084

Page 2: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 3: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 4: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 5: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 6: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 7: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 8: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 9: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 10: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 11: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 12: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 13: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 14: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 15: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 16: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 17: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 18: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

Mammals

The brain reaches its highest development in mammals with betterintegration and mastery over the environment, the cerebral hemispheresreaching the status of a dominant integrating part of the brain and acting ascoordinating centers of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are smaller andsmooth in

Prototheria and larger in Metatheria and become greatly enlarged anddivided into lobes in Eutheria.

In mammals such as man and sheep, surface of cerebral hemispheres isimmensely convoluted with a number of elevations separated by furrows.This folding increases the surface area or gray matter containing nerve cells,resulting in greater intelligence without adding to the size of the brain.Olfactory lobes are relatively small but clearly defined and covered by thehemispheres. Diencephalon and midbrain are also completely covered bythe cerebral hemispheres.

Page 19: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

Mammals

Characteristic of mammals are 4 solid optic lobes, called corpora quadrigemina, onthe roof of the midbrain. The third ventricle or iter of midbrain is a laterallycompressed vertical passage, called cerebral aqueduct. Cerebellum is also large,conspicuously folded and may overlie both midbrain and medulla. Usual folds are amedian vermis, two lateral flocculi and their mushroom-like projections, theparaflocculi.

The other chief topographical features of mammalian hindbrain include the pyramidscarrying voluntary motor impulses from higher centers, the pons varoli with crossingfibres connecting opposite sides of cerebrum and cerebellum, and the trapezoid bodyof transverse fibres relaying impulses for sound.

The medulla oblongata lies ventrally and is much thickened. It has centers whichcontrol respiration, heart beat and blood vessels; it also has conduction pathways forimpulses passing from the cerebral hemispheres to the spinal cord and again in theopposite direction. The hindbrain contains centers for the regulation of digestion,respiration and circulation.

Page 20: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
Page 21: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College
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Diagrammatic Representation of Comparative Account of Brain in Vertebrates

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Diagrammatic Representation of Comparative Account of Brain in Vertebrates

Page 24: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

Diagrammatic Representation of Comparative Account of Brain in Vertebrates

Page 25: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

Diagrammatic Representation of Comparative Account of Brain in Vertebrates

Page 26: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

Diagrammatic Representation of Comparative Account of Brain in Vertebrates

Page 27: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

Diagrammatic Representation of Comparative Account of Brain in Vertebrates

Page 28: SEM IV ZOOA - dacollege.org€¦ · SEM IV ZOOA CC8 UNIT 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS (Part - 1) Ruksa Nur Assistant Professor Department of Zoology DinabandhuAndrews College

REFERENCES: Kardong, K. Vertebrates. Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution. The Nervous System.


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