מיכאל גרוס' פרופ חיפהאוניברסיטת , המדינההספר למדעי בית ראש

“Forcible feeding is never ethically acceptable. Feeding accompanied by force or use of physical restraints is a form of inhuman and degrading treatment.”

“The ICRC is opposed to forced feeding or forced treatment; it is essential that the detainees' choices be respected and their human dignity preserved.”

http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/faq/hunger-strike-icrc-position.htm 31.1.13

1. Sanctity of life 2. Custodial Responsibility toward Inmates 3. Security Interests 4. Limited Medical Rights of Combatants Treatment according to need: Battlefield Triage

Right to Refuse Treatment

Confidentiality

Truth telling

Placebos for Malingers

MILITARY MEDICAL

ETHICS Textbooks of Military Medicine

US Department of the Army

2004

July 8 2013 - ?

Permissible to feed if… 1. a hunger striker is at risk of near-term death or great bodily injury 2. OR has become incompetent to give consent 3. AND has not previously executed a valid “DNR” order or the DNR order was the result of coercion.

Plata v Brown, US District Ct, 19-Aug-13

“Governor Jerry Brown is preparing

to force-feed scores of inmates…” The Nation, 27-8-13

Dr. Steven Tharratt, (director of medical services) said “if the state employs force-feeding, it's most likely to be done by pumping nutrient-enriched fluids into the bloodstreams of unconscious inmates.”

"It's not really a forced re-feeding at that point," Tharratt said. "It doesn't evoke images of Guantanamo Bay or anything like that. It's actually a totally different setting."

Our most significant finding was that the effect of hunger was more prominent on the central nervous system than on the neuromuscular system, despite the fact that all patients were taking thiamine. In our opinion, partial recovery of neurological, and neurocognitive signs in prolonged hunger could be a result of permanent neurological injury.

Neurological complications of prolonged hunger strike Başoğlu, M., Yetimalar, Y., Gürgör, N., Büyükçatalbaş, S., Kurt, T., Seçil, Y., & Yeniocak, A. (2006).. European journal of neurology, 13(10), 1089-1097.

Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, To this end, the following acts are and shall remain prohibited:

1. violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; 2. outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment;

Forcible feeding is never ethically acceptable. Feeding accompanied by force or use of physical restraints is a form of inhuman and degrading treatment

Artificial feeding can be ethically appropriate if competent hunger strikers agree to it. It can also be acceptable if incompetent individuals have left no unpressured advance instructions refusing it.

The ICRC is opposed to forced feeding or forced treatment; it is essential that the detainees' choices be respected and their human dignity preserved. The ICRC's position on this issue closely corresponds to that expressed by the World Medical Association.

"Where a prisoner refuses nourishment and is considered by the physician as capable of forming an unimpaired and rational judgment …, he or she shall not be fed artificially. The decision as to the capacity of the prisoner to form such a judgment should be confirmed by at least one other independent physician."

http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/faq/hunger-strike-icrc-position.htm 31.1.13

“Governor Jerry Brown is preparing to force-feed scores of inmates…”

The Nation, 27-8-13

“As the hunger strike against solitary confinement in California prisons enters a critical sixth week, Governor Jerry Brown is preparing to force-feed scores of inmates rather than meet any of their demands for improved conditions.”