Seismic Performance in Urban Regions (SPUR): A Simulation Example Roger L. King Tomasz Haupt...
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Transcript of Seismic Performance in Urban Regions (SPUR): A Simulation Example Roger L. King Tomasz Haupt...
Seismic Performance in Urban Regions (SPUR): A Simulation Example
Roger L. King
Tomasz Haupt
Mississippi State University
Gregory L. Fenves
University of California, Berkeley
Jacobo Bielak
Carnegie Mellon University
Joerg Meyer
University of California, Irvine
NSF NEES Awardees MeetingSeptember 11-12, 2003
Outline of Presentation
• Roots of project• What is SPUR?• Value of integration• Structural performance• Earthquake ground motion modeling• City response• Visualization• SPURport – web portal• Future plans• SPURport demo
An NSF ERC Problem Centered Research Flow Process
SPUR, a Distributed Simulation Framework for Seismic Performance for Urban Regions
• Advance the state-of-the-art in simulating the effects of a major earthquake on an urban region.
• Integration of earthquake ground motion modeling with modeling of structural and infrastructure systems using advanced computational and visualization methods
• Shift focus from a discipline specific approach to a problem centered approach.
SPUR, a Distributed Simulation Framework for Seismic Performance for Urban Regions
• A distributed interactive simulation framework will be created to facilitate investigation of the performance of urban regions resulting from a major earthquake and for the education of future earthquake engineers.
• The goal is to develop tools that will ultimately permit damage estimates based on best available information.
• This can lead to earthquake related risk analysis/assignment for an urban region and to provide a rich problem solving environment for the education of students.
PBEE
SSFI
Basin Effects
Large Scale Viz
Fundamental Research• Computational seismology• SSI with DRM• PBEE Performance measures• Spatial distribution of performance• Large scale viz.
Enabling Technologies• Archimides• OpenSees• NEESgrid• System integration
Middleware
NEESHPC Resource
Viz
Systems-level Applications• Loss estimation• Tools for decision makers• Scenarios for planning
MicrozonationPlanning
Emerg. Resp.Education
Loss Estimate
SPUR Strategic Vision
System Architecture
ground motion data
(CMU)precomputed simulations
ground motion data
(CMU)precomputed simulations
rendering + portal(UCI) (MSU)
immersive rendering &web-based portal
rendering + portal(UCI) (MSU)
immersive rendering &web-based portal
structural response
(Berkeley)precomputed or online
simulations
structural response
(Berkeley)precomputed or online
simulations
SPURport: The Grid based portal for SPUR
• Provide earthquake community with collaborative environment for research on Seismic Performance of Urban Regions and training of future earthquake engineers.
• Develop NEESgrid application of databases, computation, visualization, using distributed Grid-accessible resources; demonstrate ability to use NEESgrid resources at any location
• Opportunity to apply NEESgrid software releases to a substantial application and provide NEESgrid developers feedback
• Add to simulation capability of NEES
SPURport Prototype
• Development begun summer 2003
• Design and rapid prototyping iterations
• Extensible as SPUR functionality increases and NEESgrid matures
• Coordinate future SPURport development with NEESgrid roadmap
Strike slip Fault Simulation ModelPeak Ground Displacement
Peak Ground Velocity
Thrust Fault Simulation ModelPeak Ground Displacement
Peak Ground Velocity
Structural Models for Regional Simulation
ObjectiveEvaluate regional distribution of Engineering Demand Parameters (EPD)SDF Model u
u
u
uu
u
u
u
Grid point
- “Hydra” model- Multiple parameters and multiple orientations- Constant strength analysis- Constant ductility analysis
Simulation Tool – OpenSees (PEER software framework for simulation)
Building Models
ShearBeamModel
GeneralizedFrameModel
BuildingModels
Constant Ductility Analysis for Strike Slip Fault
Constant Ductility Analysis for Thrust Fault
SAC 9 story OpenSees Model
Column Fiber Section
Beam Fiber Section
Leaning columnsfor P- effects
Distributed Plasticity Beam-Column
LA 10%/50 year
Regional Distribution of SAC 9 story EDP
Roof drift ratio
Max Plastic Rotation
Max Story Drift Ratio
PGV
Regional Distribution of SAC 20 story EDP
Max Plastic Rotation
Roof drift ratio
Max Story Drift Ratio
Story 22
Story 15
PGV
Calibration of Shear Beam Model
Pushover Analysis of Frame Model Shear Beam Model
Story Force-Deform.
Calibration of Generalized Frame Model
SAC 9-story Building
All rotations at joints lying at each floor level are identical
Mpi
Myi
MBi
KBij = 6EIBij/Lj
MBi = KBi i
KBi = 2KBij
Mpi = 2Mpij
i
Rotational Spring
Column
KCi = KCij
M
Column is modeled using elastic beamwith plastic hinge with hinge length
Comparison of Floor Displacement
Generic Frame Model
Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3
Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3
Shear Beam Model
Comparison of Story Drift
Generic Frame Model
Story 1 Story 2 Story 3
Story 1 Story 2 Story 3
Shear Beam Model
Regional Distribution of EDP, 3-Story
Roof Displacement
SAC Frame Model Shear Beam Model Generic Frame Model
SAC Frame Model Shear Beam Model Generic Frame Model
Max Story Drift
Computational Challenge
SAC 9-Story Simulation– 306 DOFS, 1800 time steps.
– Approx 4 min. per grid point.
– 25,281 grid points.
– 70 days in single processors.
Constant Ductility Analysis– 28 parameter combinations.– Considering 8 orientations.– 25,281 grid points.– 5 iterations in average.– One million non-linear analysis
of SDF system per parameter.
Parallel Computation Approaches• Use MPI in distributed memory system (e.g. Linux cluster).• Dynamic load balancing essential for even finish time with various
load conditions on multiple processors.• Two approaches developed for hardware architectures and regional
simulation problems.
Producer-Consumer Approach
Parent nodes
Child nodes
NFS servers
dataresult
Master node
work size
dataoutput
NFS servers
data
output
Steal work load
Steal work load
Steal work loadSteal work load
Stealer Approach
OpenSees Applications for Parallel Computing
Parallel simulation applications built with OpenSees API and MPI API can be implemented using NEESgrid resources.
Model Domain
Element Material Pattern
Analysis Solution Procedures
OpenSeesFramework
wake
Packaging Send output
wait
Un-packaging
Receive Ground Motion
Structure parameter
Slave Node
Job Queue
Wait Queue
Ground Motion Data
Recording output
Receive outputUn-packaging
SendGround Motion
Structure parameter
pack
agin
g
ProcessManage
Master Node
Producer-Consumer Approach
Northridge Earthquake mainshock
(USGS)(USGS)
Rupture Model
Dep
th (
km
)
Wald et al. (1996)Wald et al. (1996)Strike=122 (S58E), Dip=40 (S32W), Rake=101Strike=122 (S58E), Dip=40 (S32W), Rake=101
USGSUSGS
Rupture propagation (velocity)
Snapshots of surface velocity
Peak ground velocity Peak ground velocity ((USGS)USGS)
Verification against other
codes
-Graves (URS)
- Archimedes -Quake
IDEALIZED MODELCross Section
Reduced Domain
Cascading (3 models)
FREE FIELD RESPONSEPeak values of displacement and velocity
Analysis Region
Observation Point(1280, 3000)
Observation Point
Velocity (m/s)
|FT|
Peak Ground Velocity in Region of Interest
Vm
ax
800 m/s
100 m/s
200 m/s 40 m
Random City Model
FEM BIM LAYOUT
Influence Of Different Structural Distributions On Maximum Ground
Velocity (EW)
Free-field 3 1.0-Hz Buildings R-City
Notation for SSI
57
44
SSI Analysis of Three Building Groups for the R-City Simulation (EW Displacement)
Maximum Velocity Response
1.0-Hz City buildings 2.0-Hz City buildings R-City buildings
EW
NS
Random City Simulation(launched through SPURport)
VisualizationNew Algorithms:• TetFusion
• Efficient 3-D mesh decimation• More efficient than edge-collapse• Various levels of detail• Controlled Fusion
• Metric 1: local scalar attribute error• Metric 2: accumulated scalar error
• QTetFusion• QuadMetric:
• Metric 3: topology preservation
SPURport Architecture
Tele-presence
NEESpop (middleware)
MSU extensions(Enterprise Computational System)
ApacheTomcat
JetSpeedChef
NEESgrid services
DBMS(postgress)
EJB container(JBoss)
OGSI(globus 3.0)
ECSapplicationstreaming
device driver
Data Controller
Data streaming andchannel management
Authentication andauthorization
SPURapplet
Request
Data
NSDS
Data andMetadata
Collaboration
ERCat Mississippi State PSC NCSA
OpenSees OpenSeesGround Motion
DataStruct. Resp.
Data
Ground MotionData
Front End
Back End
SPURport Data Objects
EQVolumeData
GroundMotionData
RegionalSimulation
StructModel PopulationMethod(inventory)
Spatial Quantity
SpatialResponseData
EQModel
association (has a ….)
composition (contains a ….)
SPURport functionality
EarthquakeModel
Inventoryof Structures
view data
extract data
StructureModel
select or definea structure
(set parameters)
select location
run simulation
select or definean inventory
run simulation (future)
view data view data
Earthquake model
Structural Model
Population Method
Spatial Response Data
Individual Structure Response
Future Plans• System level V&V (understand limits)• Create building inventory (Variable building
types)• Structural performance of this inventory
during 1994 Northridge earthquake• Soil Structure Foundation Interaction during
1994 Northridge earthquake• Other structures (highway bridges, etc.)• Create 4D visualization toolkit for use with
PCs• Improved texture-based volume rendering• Make SPURport available to community• Initiate interactions with FEMA and HAZUS