Seerah Session 11

Life in Madinah

The Madinese phase can be divided into three stages

Too much trouble, conflict and obstacles from within, coupled by a hostile wave from outside. It ended with Al hudaibiyah peace treaty in 6 A.H.

Truce with the pagan leadership, which ended in the conquest of Makkah in 8 A.H

People came to embrace Islam in groups. It ended at the death of the Prophet in 11 A.H

The Status Quo in Madinah

At the time of Emigration

Aims and objectives of Emigration

To escape from the oppression by the hands of Makkans.

To erect the pillars of a new society in a secure place.

Prophet had to deal with three categories of people in Madinah

His companions, the noble and Allah-fearing elite.

The Madinese tribes who were polytheists that did not yet believe.

The Jews.

A New society being built

A new calendar made

MadinahBuilding the prophetic mosque.The brotherhood between muslims.A Charter of Islamic AllianceEnjoining the individual role in the

society A treaty with the Jews

The Bloody StruggleThe attempts of the Quraish to provoke the Muslims and their contact with Abdullah bin Ubai

• The Quraishites, mortified at the escape of the Prophet along with his devoted companions, and jealous of his growing power in Madinah, kept a strict watch over the Muslims left behind and persecuted them in every possible way.

• They also initiated secret contacts with ‘Abdullah bin Uabi bin chief of Madinese polytheists, (greatest hypocrite).

• Provocative actions continued and Quraish sent the Muslims a note threatening to put them to death in their own homeland. Those were not mere words, for the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) received information from reliable sources attesting to real intrigues and plots being hatched by the enemies of Islam.

Permission to Fight

"Permission to fight is given to those (i.e. believers against those disbelievers), who

are fighting them, (and) because they (believers) have been wronged, and

surely Allâh is Able to give them (believers) victory." [Al-Qur'an Al-Hajj:39]

Islamic Concept of JihadObjective of Jihad:It must safeguard the Islamic state and

Muslim Society. Its main purpose is the preservation of the ideology on which the system of truth is based.

Its aim is to remove all obstacles in the way of Social evolution and human welfare.

The Battle of Badr 17 Ramadan 2AH

The First Decisive Battle in the History of Islam

Reason of the Battle• When a caravan belonging to Quraish

returning from Syria approached Madinah, on the way back to Makkah, the Prophet dispatched two men northward to scout around to keep an eye.

• The two scouts stayed at Al-Hawra’ for some days until Abu Sufyan, the leader of the caravan, passed by them. The two men hurried back to Madinah and reported to the Prophet their findings..

Reason of the Battle• Great wealth amounting to 50 thousand gold

Dinars guarded by 40 men moving relatively close to Madinah constituted a tempting target for the Muslim military, and provided a potentially heavy economic, political and military strike that was bound to shake the entire structure of the Makkan polytheists.

Reason of the Battle• The Prophet immediately exhorted the

Muslims to rush out and ambush the caravan to make up for their property and wealth they were forced to give up in Makkah..

The size and strength of Muslim army

• The Muslim army was made up of 300-317 men, 82-86 Emigrants, 61 from Aws and 170 from Khazraj. They had only two horses, 70 camels, one for two or three men to ride alternatively. The Messenger of Allaah himself, ‘shared one camel with two other men.

Warning Makkah• Abu Sufyan, the leader of the makkan caravan

on the other hand, was on the utmost alert. His scouting men submitted to him reports to the effect that the Muslims were lying in ambush for his caravan. To be on the safe side, he hired a fast messenger to communicate a message asking for help from the Quraishites..

Warning Makkah• Abu sufyan’s messenger rode fast and reached

Makkah in frenzy and cried: "O Quraish! Your merchandise! It is with Abu Sufyan. The caravan is being intercepted by Muhammad and his companions. I cannot say what would have happened to them. Help! Help!"

Makkans hasten for battle• The effect of this cry was instantaneous and

the news stunned Quraish and they immediately remembered their pride that was wounded at the hands of the Muslims. They therefore swiftly mustered almost all of their forces and a group of 1300 soldiers, including 100 horsemen and 600 soldiers in mail armour with a large number of camels, was ready to proceed to fight the Muslims.

• Army of Believers– 300-317 Men– 82-86 Muhaajiroon, 61 Aws &

170 Khazraj– Only 2 Horses– 70 Camels (1/2-3 Men, even

Rasoolullah)– Gen. Leadership/White

Standard given to Mus’ab ibn ‘Umair

– Army divided into two battalions, Muhaajirs with a standard raised by ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Ansar with the standard raised by Sa’d ibn Mu’adh

• Army of Non-Believers– 1300 Soldiers– 100 horsemen – 600 mailed armour

soldiers with a large number of camels

– Banu Zahrah break away from Kuffar Army. Army reduced to 1000 soldiers

– Slaughtered 9-10 camels/day to feed

The Two Armies

• On account of the new grave developments, the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) held an advisory military emergency meeting to review the ongoing situation and exchange viewpoints with the army leaders.

• Prophet (pbuh)apprised his men of the gravity of the situation and asked for their advice.

• They all (mahajir and ansaar) agreed to listen, obey and fight till their last breath.

Muslim Army Marched Ahead

The Muslim army camped at the farther bank of the valley. Prophet

(pbuh) stopped at the nearest spring of Badr.

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

The Muslim army reaches BadrCamps at the “Near bank” close to Madinah

• The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) spent the whole night, preceding the day of the battle, in prayer and supplication. The Muslim army, wearied with their long march, enjoyed sound and refreshing sleep, a mark of the Divine favour of the state of their undisturbed minds.

• In the morning, the Prophet (pbuh) called his men to offer the prayers and then urged them to fight in the way of Allâh. As the sun rose over the desert, the Prophet drew up his little army, and pointing with an arrow which he held in his hand, arranged the ranks.

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Spears

Archers

Infantry

The Prophet’sCommand Post

The Two Armies meet

• When the two parties approached closer and were visible to each other, the Prophet began supplicating Allâh "O Allâh! The conceited and haughty Quraishites are already here defying You and belying Your Messenger. O Allâh! I am waiting for Your victory which You have promised me. I beseech You Allâh to defeat them (the enemies)."

The Dueling Begins

• The battle had actually started. Protected by armour and shields, ‘Utbah bin Rabi‘a stepped forth between his brother Shaibah and his son Al-Waleed bin ‘Utbah from the lines of Quraish and cursed the Muslims.

• Ubaidah bin Al-Harith, Hamzah — Prophet’s uncle, and his cousin ‘Ali [R] marched forward for the combat. The three duels were rapid. Hamzah killed Shaibah, while ‘Ali killed Al-Waleed. ‘Ubaidah was seriously wounded but, before he fell, Hamzah fell upon ‘Utbah and with a sweep of his sword, cut off his head. ‘Ali and Hamzah carried ‘Ubaidah back with his leg cut off.

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Spears

Archers

Infantry

The Prophet’sCommand Post

‘Utbah

Shaybah

Al-Walid

Ali

‘Ubaydah

Hamza

Quraish attacked with full force

After losing the initial duel they were too much exasperated and enraged and

fell upon the Muslims to exterminate them once and for all.

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Spears

Archers

Infantry

The Prophet’sCommand Post

Quraysh charged forcefully!!

Perfect War Strategy of the Prophet

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Archers

The Prophet’sCommand Post

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Spears

The Prophet’sCommand Post

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Spears

The Prophet’sCommand Post

To Madinah

To Makkah

N

Infantry

The Prophet’sCommand Post

Result of The Battle of Badr• On the Believers

Side– 22 Sahaba martyred – The Prophet (pbuh)

and believers stayed for 3 days in Badr

– Buried the Martyrs– Buried the Killed

Enemies– Gathered the Booty

• On the Non-Believers Side– 70 Killed– 70 Captured as PoW– Leaders of Quraish Killed

• Shaiba• Utba• Abu Jahal• Abu Bakhtari• Aas bin Hisham• Ummaiyah bin Kahalf

etc…– Loss of more than 2.5Lakh

Dirham

Lessons from Battle of Badr• Separating right from

wrong• Separating Iman from Kufr• Separating passiveness

from engaging in defending and spreading Islam

• Separating true loyalty to Islam from tribe and family

• Separating true sincere sacrifice for Allah from earthly gains

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41األنفال

On the day when the true was distinguished

from the false – the day when the two groups met in battle