What moves us Power Point #4. Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility.
Section 7: Muscular Strength, Endurance and...
Transcript of Section 7: Muscular Strength, Endurance and...
-
10/30/2013
1
Section7:MuscularStrength,
EnduranceandFlexibility
Section7:MuscularStrength,
EnduranceandFlexibilityACSMGuidelines:Chapter4(pp.94107)
ACSMManual:Chapter5,6ACSMGuidelines:Chapter4(pp.94107)
ACSMManual:Chapter5,6
HPHE4450Dr. CheathamHPHE4450Dr. Cheatham
OutlineOutline
Importanceofmuscularstrengthandendurance Typesofmuscularcontractions GeneralTestingGuidelines Musclestrength
HandGripDynamometry,1RM MuscularEndurance
PushUpTest,CurlUpTest,YMCABenchPressTest Importanceofflexibility
SitandReachTests LumbarFlexionandExtension SpecificROMTests
-
10/30/2013
2
ImportanceofMuscularSandEImportanceofMuscularSandE
Healthrelatedfitnesscomponentthatmaymaintainorimprovethefollowing: Bonemass(relatedto
osteoporosis) Glucosetolerance(relatedto
Type2diabetes) Musculotendinous integrity
(relatedtolowerriskofinjury,lowbackpain)
CarryoutADLs FatfreemassandRMR
(relatedtoweightmanagement)
Performanceapplications
TypesofContractionsTypesofContractions
Static(Isometric) Musclegeneratesforcewithoutmovement(i.e.muscledoesnotchangelength)
Dynamic Musclegeneratesforcewhilelengtheningorshortening
Concentric:Muscleshortens Eccentric:Musclelengthens
Isotonic:Fixedresistance Isokinetic:Fixedmovementspeed
-
10/30/2013
3
GeneralTestingGuidelinesGeneralTestingGuidelines
Useafamiliarization/practicesession Adheretospecificprotocol
Predeterminedrepetitiondurationandrangeofmotion
Thestandardizedprotocolshouldinclude: Strictposture Consistentmovementspeed FullROM Useofspotters(ifnecessary) Equipmentfamiliarization Properwarmup
MuscularStrengthMuscularStrength
Definition:Maximalforcethatcanbegeneratedbyaspecificmuscleormusclegroup
Specificto: Musclegroup Typeofcontraction Speedofcontraction Jointangletested Resultsfromatestarespecifictotheproceduresused
Nosingletestexistsforevaluatingtotalbodymuscularenduranceormuscularstrength
-
10/30/2013
4
MuscularStrengthMuscularStrength
Purposeofmeasurement: Assessmuscularfitness Identifyweaknesses Monitorprogressinrehabilitation Measuretheeffectivenessoftraining
AssessingMuscularStrengthAssessingMuscularStrength
CommonassessmentsHandgriptest1repetitionmaximum(RM)benchpressIsokinetic testing
-
10/30/2013
5
AssessingMS HandGripAssessingMS HandGrip
AssessingMS HandGripAssessingMS HandGrip
-
10/30/2013
6
AssessingMS HandGripAssessingMS HandGrip
Numbersareinpounds(lbs).
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
OneRepetitionMaximum(1RM) Maximalforcethatcanbegeneratedbyaspecificmuscleormusclegroup
Theheaviestweightthatcanbeliftedonlyonceusinggoodform
DynamicStrength GoldStandard
-
10/30/2013
7
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
6or10RMTest Canbeusefulespeciallyfordeterminingweightsforexerciseprescription
Adapt1RMprocedurestodetermine6or10RMvalue.
Optional: Convert10RMvaluetoa1RMestimationbydividing10RMweightby0.75
-
10/30/2013
8
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
InterpretationofData: ACSMprovidesnormchartsforUpperBodyStrength(BenchPress)andLowerBodyStrength(LegPress)
ValuesareoftenexpressedasStrengthtoweightratio
StrengthtoWeightRatio=WeightLifted/BodyWeight Bothweightsmustbeinthesameunits
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
-
10/30/2013
9
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
-
10/30/2013
10
AssessingMS 1RMAssessingMS 1RM
MuscularEnduranceMuscularEndurance
Definition:Theabilityofamusclegrouptoexecuterepeatedcontractionsoveratimeperiodsufficienttocausemuscularfatigueortomaintainaspecificpercentageofmaximumvoluntarycontractionforaprolongedtime Sameideawithrespecttospecificityandmusclestrength
-
10/30/2013
11
AssessingMuscularEnduranceAssessingMuscularEndurance
Commonassessments Pushuptest Partialcurluptest YMCAbenchpresstest
AssessingME PushUpTestAssessingME PushUpTest
-
10/30/2013
12
AssessingME PushUpTestAssessingME PushUpTest
AssessingME PushUpTestAssessingME PushUpTest
-
10/30/2013
13
AssessingME CurlUpTestAssessingME CurlUpTest
AssessingME CurlUpTestAssessingME CurlUpTest
-
10/30/2013
14
AssessingME CurlUpTestAssessingME CurlUpTest
AssessingME YMCABenchPressTestAssessingME YMCABenchPressTest
-
10/30/2013
15
AssessingME YMCABenchPressTestAssessingME YMCABenchPressTest
FlexibilityFlexibility
Definition:Functionalcapacityofthejointstomovethroughthefullrangeofmotion(ROM)
Jointspecific Dependson:
Jointcapsuledistensibility Adequatewarmup Muscleviscosity Complianceoftheligamentsandtendons
-
10/30/2013
16
FlexibilityFlexibility
Whyisflexibilityimportant?PerformanceofADLsRelationshiptolowerbackpainAthleticperformance
AssessingFlexibilityAssessingFlexibility
Commonassessments: SitandReachBoxTest(trunkflexion) YMCASitandReachTest LumbarFlexionandExtension SpecificRangeofMotionTests
GeneralTestingGuidelines Stretching,lightaerobicexercise(510min) Practicesessiontoassesspain,discomfort
-
10/30/2013
17
AssessingFlexibility SitandReachTestsAssessingFlexibility SitandReachTests
AssessingFlexibility SitandReachTestsAssessingFlexibility SitandReachTests
-
10/30/2013
18
AssessingFlexibility SitandReachTestsAssessingFlexibility SitandReachTests
AssessingFlexibility SitandReachTestsAssessingFlexibility SitandReachTests
-
10/30/2013
19
AssessingFlexibility SitandReachTestsAssessingFlexibility SitandReachTests
MakingaSitandReachBoxMakingaSitandReachBox
-
10/30/2013
20
AssessingFlexibility LumbarFlexionAssessingFlexibility LumbarFlexion
Seatedwithpelvisstabilized Tapeispositionedwithzeroatthespinous processC7
Measuredownthesuperioriliac
Lumbarflexionperformeduntilfirstsignofresistance
Averagehealthyrange:4inchincrease
AssessingFlexibility LumbarFlexionAssessingFlexibility LumbarFlexion
-
10/30/2013
21
AssessingFlexibility LumbarExtensionAssessingFlexibility LumbarExtension
Samebodyandtapepositionasforflexionassessment
Lumbarextensionisperformeduntilfirstsignofresistance
Averagehealthyrange:2inchincrease
AssessingFlexibility LumbarExtensionAssessingFlexibility LumbarExtension
-
10/30/2013
22
AssessingFlexibility ROMTestsAssessingFlexibility ROMTests
UseofGoniometers: Fulcrumcenteredtoidentifiedanatomiclandmark
Stabilizationarmremainsfixed(establishesthestartposition)
Movementarmmovesinrelationtoclientsmovement(establishestheendingposition)
AssessingFlexibility ROMTestsAssessingFlexibility ROMTests
GeneralProcedures:Beforebeginning:
ProvidetheclientwithademonstrationofanROMtest
Positionthegoniometer Locatethefulcrumatthejointaxisorhingepoint
Wheretheaxisofrotationoccursforthetwobodysegments
Placethestabilizationandmovementarms Centeredalongeachbodysegment
-
10/30/2013
23
AssessingFlexibility ROMTestsAssessingFlexibility ROMTests
Goniometryisanaccuratemeasureif: Allanatomiclandmarksareidentified Jointaxispointhasbeenclearlydefined Bodyisstabilizedinproperalignment ClientisinstructedtomoveslowlythroughtheproperROMandthegoniometer isproperlyaligned
TestadministratorisfamiliarwithnormalROMforeachjoint
ObservationofwhetherROMassessmentispainfreeoccurs
AssessingFlexibility ROMTestsAssessingFlexibility ROMTests
Foreachassessment,locationsofthegoniometerforthefollowingthreepointsarespecified:
1. Fulcrum2. Stabilizationarm3. Movementarm
-
10/30/2013
24
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Goniometer position1. Fulcrum:Lateralaspectofgreatertubercle2. Stabilizationarm:Perpendiculartothefloor3. Movementarm:Alignwiththemidlineofhumerus
andreferencethelateralepicondyle
Stabilization Clientisingoodposturewithastabilizedscapula(retracted),thoracic,andlumbar
Stabilizescapulatopreventtilting,rotation,orelevation
Movement:Flexion
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Starting/endingbodyposition Seatedwithglenohumeral
in0degreesofflexion,extension,abduction,oradduction
Headisinneutralposition Palmofhandfacingbody Elbowcompletely
extended Clientperforms
glenohumeral flexionuntilthefirstsignofresistance
Movement:Flexion
AverageROM:0180
-
10/30/2013
25
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Goniometer position1. Fulcrum:Lateralaspectofgreatertubercle2. Stabilizationarm:Perpendiculartothefloor3. Movementarm:Alignwiththemidlineofhumerus and
referencethelateralepicondyle
Stabilization Clientisingoodposturewithastabilizedscapula(retracted),thoracic,andlumbar
Stabilizescapulatopreventtilting,rotation,orelevation Placetowelunderhumerus tostabilizeandalignwithacromion process
Movement:Extension
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Starting/endingbodyposition Clientisproneontablewith
glenohumeral in0degreesofflexion,extension,abduction,oradduction
Headisinneutralposition Palmofhandfacingthebody Elbowisextendedcompletely Performglenohumeral
extensionuntilthefirstsignofresistance
Movement:Extension
AverageROM:060
-
10/30/2013
26
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Goniometer position1. Fulcrum:Olecranon processoftheelbow2. Stabilizationarm:Perpendiculartothefloor3. Movementarm:Alignwithlateralmidlineofulnaand
referencetheulnar styloid
Stabilization Clientisingoodposturewithastabilizedscapula(retracted),thoracic,andlumbar
Stabilizescapulatopreventtilting,rotation,orelevation Placetowelunderhumerus tostabilizeandalignwithacromion process
Movement:InternalRotation
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Starting/endingbodyposition Clientissupineontablewith
humerus abductedat90degreesandelbowisflexedat90degrees.
Elbowisat0degreesofsupination andpronation
Clientperformsglenohumeral internalrotationuntilthefirstsignofresistance
Movement:InternalRotation
AverageROM:070
-
10/30/2013
27
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests ShoulderAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Shoulder
Goniometer positionandstabilizationarethesameasininternalrotationoftheshoulder
Startingpositionisthesame,buttheclientperformsexternalratherthaninternalrotationuntilsignsofresistanceoccur
Movement:ExternalRotation
AverageROM:090
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Goniometer position1. Fulcrum:Greatertrochanter ofthelateralthigh2. Stabilizationarm:Lateralmidlineofthepelvis3. Movementarm:Lateralmidlineofthefemur,using
thelateralepicondyle asareferenceStabilization
Clientisingoodposturewithastabilizedscapula,thoracic,lumbarspine,andpelvicarea
Pelvisshouldnotriseofftable Oppositelegnotbeingassessedshouldhavekneeflexedandfootflatontableforaddedstabilityandprotectionfortheback
-
10/30/2013
28
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Clientissupineontablewithhipin0degreesofflexion,extension,abduction,adduction,androtation
Testingleghaskneefullyextended
Clientperformshipflexionuntilthefirstsignofresistanceoruntilthepelvisrotatesorkneebreaksextension
Movement:Flexion(TestingLegFullyExtended)
AverageROM:090
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Starting/endingbodyposition Clientissupineontable
withkneeflexedat90degreesandhipflexedat90degrees;hipisin0degreesofabduction,adduction,androtation
Kneeisflexedtoreducecontractionofhamstrings
Clientperformshipflexionuntilthefirstsignofresistanceoruntilthepelvisrotates
Movement:Flexion(TestingKneeandHipFlexedat90Degrees)
AverageROM:0120
-
10/30/2013
29
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Starting/endingbodyposition
Clientisproneontablewithhipin0degreesofflexion,extension,abduction,adduction,androtation
Testingleghaskneefullyextended
Clientperformshipextensionuntilthefirstsignofresistanceoruntilthepelvisrotates
Movement:Extension(TestingLegFullyExtended)
AverageROM:030
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Goniometer position1. Fulcrum:LocateattheASIS(anteriorsuperioriliac
spine)2. Stabilizationarm:Imaginaryhorizontalline
connectingaxispointASIStotheotherASIS3. Movementarm:Anteriormidlineofthefemur,
usingthemidlineofthepatellaasareferenceStabilization
Clientisingoodposturewithastabilizedscapula,thoracic,lumbarspine,andpelvicarea
Stabilizeforlateraltrunkflexiononbothsides
Movement:Abduction
-
10/30/2013
30
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Starting/endingbodyposition
Clientissupineontablewithhipin0degreesofflexion,extension,androtation
Testingleghaskneefullyextended
Clientperformshipabductionuntilthefirstsignofresistanceorlateraltrunkflexionoccursoneitherside
Movement:Abduction
AverageROM:045
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Goniometer position1. Fulcrum:LocateattheASIS(anteriorsuperioriliac
spine)2. Stabilizationarm:Imaginaryhorizontalline
connectingaxispointASIStotheotherASIS3. Movementarm:Anteriormidlineofthefemur,
usingthemidlineofthepatellaasareferenceStabilization
Clientisingoodposturewithastabilizedscapula,thoracic,lumbarspine,andpelvicarea
Oppositelegnotbeingtestedshouldbeabductedfullytoallowfortestinghiptobeassessed
Movement:Adduction
-
10/30/2013
31
AssessingFlexibility ROMTests HipAssessingFlexibility ROMTests Hip
Starting/endingbodyposition Clientissupineontablewithhipin0degreesofflexion,extension,androtation
Testingleghaskneefullyextended Clientperformshipadductionuntilthefirstsignofresistanceorlateraltrunkflexionorpelvicrotationoccurs
Movement:Adduction
AverageROM:030
AssessingFlexibility ROMTestsAssessingFlexibility ROMTests
-
10/30/2013
32
AssessingFlexibility ROMTestsAssessingFlexibility ROMTests
Itisimportanttorecognizethatalearningeffectislikelywithflexibilitymeasurements.
Thus,thefollowingstatementfromACSM'sResourceManualforGuidelinesforExerciseTestingandPrescriptionisofimportance: ArecommendationfromtheAmericanMedicalAssociationsuggeststhatROMshouldbemeasuredusingthreeconsecutivetrialsandaveragedasthetruevalue.IftheaverageROMis50degrees,threeofthemeasurementsmustfallwithin5degreesofthemean.Iftheaverageisgreaterthan50degrees,threemeasurementsmustfallwithin10degreesofaverage.Suchmeasuresmaybetakenuptosixtimesuntiltheymeetthecriteria;otherwise,theyareconsideredinvalid.