Section 5-1 Microscopes.notebook - Mrs. Livingston -...
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Section 51 Microscopes.notebook 1 November 25, 2015 SECTION 51 THE MICROSCOPE & CELL THEORY (PAGES 140 141) Scientists that contributed to the cell theory: 1. Robert Hooke (1665) Used the word “CELL” to describe the repeating honeycomb shaped structures while viewing a thin piece of cork under a primitive microscope. 2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Observed living blood cells, bacteria, and tiny singlecell organisms in a drop of water using a simple microscope . SIMPLE MICROSCOPE consists of one lens Credited with inventing the first microscope 3. Robert Brown (1820) Examined plant cells and described the tiny sphere called the NUCLEUS. 4. Theodor Schwann (Zoologist) & Matthias Schleiden (Botanist) (Mid 1800’s) Concluded that plant & animal tissues are composed of cells. Provided the foundation for the first parts of the cell theory . The Modern Cell Theory states: 1. All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the functional unit of life . 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Uses light to form images and consists of two lens. The first lens is the ocular lens and is found in the eyepiece and magnifies images 10X. The revolving nosepiece has 3 objective lens that also magnify images. If the objective magnifies an image by 4X then total magnification is 40 X (10X x 4X = 40X) If the objective magnifies an image by 10X then the total magnification is 100X (10X x 10X = 100X) If the objective magnifies an image by 40X then the total magnification is 400X (10X x 40X = 400 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE James Hillier & Albert Prebus designed the first truly functional electron microscope at the University of Toronto in 1937. Their electron microscope was capable of 7000X magnification. Today’s transmission electron microscope is capable of 2 000 000X magnification. It uses beams of electrons to create images. There are 2 limitations of a transmission electron microscope: 1. Specimens that contain many layers of cells (blood vessels) cannot be examined. It would absorb all of the electrons and the image would appear black. 2. Only dead cells can be observed. Thin sections are produced by encasing a specimen in plastic and shaving off thin layers. This process kills cells. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE This provides a method for investigating thicker specimen by reflecting electrons from their surface. Images are not as clear. Provides images that are in 3D.
Transcript of Section 5-1 Microscopes.notebook - Mrs. Livingston -...
Section 51 Microscopes.notebook
1
November 25, 2015
SECTION 51 THE MICROSCOPE & CELL THEORY(PAGES 140 141)
Scientists that contributed to the cell theory:
1. Robert Hooke (1665)
Used the word “CELL” to describe the repeating honeycombshaped structures while viewing a thin piece of cork under a primitive microscope.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Observed living blood cells, bacteria, and tiny singlecell organisms in a drop of water using a simple microscope.
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE consists of one lens
Credited with inventing the first microscope
3. Robert Brown (1820)
Examined plant cells and described the tiny sphere called the NUCLEUS.
4. Theodor Schwann (Zoologist) & Matthias Schleiden (Botanist)(Mid 1800’s)
Concluded that plant & animal tissues are composed of cells.
Provided the foundation for the first parts of the cell theory.
The Modern Cell Theory states:
1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the functional unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Uses light to form images and consists of two lens.
The first lens is the ocular lens and is found in the eyepiece and magnifies images 10X.
The revolving nosepiece has 3 objective lens that also magnify images.
If the objective magnifies an image by 4X then total magnification is 40 X (10X x 4X = 40X)
If the objective magnifies an image by 10X then the total magnification is 100X (10X x 10X = 100X)
If the objective magnifies an image by 40X then the total magnification is 400X (10X x 40X = 400
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
James Hillier & Albert Prebus designed the first truly functional electron microscope at the University of Toronto in 1937.
Their electron microscope was capable of 7000X magnification. Today’s transmission electron microscope is capable of 2 000 000X magnification.
It uses beams of electrons to create images.
There are 2 limitations of a transmission electron microscope:
1. Specimens that contain many layers of cells (blood vessels) cannot be examined. It would absorb all of the electrons and the image would appear black.
2.Only dead cells can be observed.
Thin sections are produced by encasing a specimen in plastic and shaving off thin layers. This process kills cells.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
This provides a method for investigating thicker specimen by reflecting electrons from their surface.
Images are not as clear.
Provides images that are in 3D.
Section 51 Microscopes.notebook
2
November 25, 2015
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/interact/vemwindow.html
arm this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.base this supports the microscope.body tube the tube that supports the eyepiece.coarse focus adjustment a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus.diaphragm an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage.eyepiece where you place your eye.fine focus adjustment a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).highpower objective a large lens with high magnifying power.inclination joint an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles.lowpower objective a small lens with low magnifying power.mirror (or light source) this directs light upwards onto the slide.revolving nosepiece the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses).stage the platform on which a slide is placed.stage clips metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.
PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
Complete the worksheet "The Compound Microscope"
You can use Page 538 in your text to assist you.
These parts are not found on page 538:
ARM The back part of the microscope and is used to transport the microscope.
BASE The bottom of the microscope and it is used to transport the microscope.
EYEPIECE also known as the ocular lensThis is where you look into the microscopeHas a magnification of 10X
LAMP/MIRROR The light source.
STAGE OPENING where the light enters and focuses on specimen.
Section 51 Microscopes.notebook
3
November 25, 2015
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/interact/vemwindow.html
http://mason.k12.il.us/havanajh/mystery/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKUcell theory
