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Transcript of Section 1: Geography and Early Indiatmsteam742.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/90370814/PDF PP 2014...
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ANCIENT INDIA Section 1: Geography and Early India
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BIG IDEA
Indian
civilization first
developed on
the Indus River.
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SECTION 1: GEOGRAHY AND EARLY
INDIA
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MAIN IDEA
The geography of
India includes high
mountains, great
rivers, and heavy
seasonal rain.
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GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
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India is home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations.
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India is so huge it’s called a
subcontinent, which is a
large landmass
that is smaller than a continent.
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Subcontinent
A large
landmass that is
smaller than a
continent, such
as India
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A subcontinent
is usually separated
from a continent by
physical features, such as
mountains.
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The world’s highest mountains, the Himalayas, are in India.
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India also has a vast desert, many fertile plains, and
rugged plateaus.
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The Indus River which flows from the Himalayas and is located mainly in present-day Pakistan is
the cradle of ancient Indian civilization.
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As in Egypt and Kush, the flooding
river created fertile plains
where people first settled.
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Monsoon - A seasonal wind pattern that
causes wet and dry seasons
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India’s hot and humid climate is heavily influenced by monsoons, wind patterns that
cause wet and dry seasons.
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READING CHECK
How do you think monsoons affected
settlements in India? (DRAWING CONCLUSIONS)
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HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION
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MAIN IDEA
Harappan
civilization
developed
along the Indus
River
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India’s first civilization
was the Harappan
civilization, which
developed along the
Indus River Valley.
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Named after the ancient city of Harappa, archaeologists believe Harappans thrived
between 2300 and 1700 BC.
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Harappa
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In fact, most information about Harappans comes from the ruins of
Harappa and another major city, Mohenjo Daro.
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Mohenjo Daro
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Each city was well planned and built in the shadow of a fortress that could easily oversee the
city streets.
FORTRESS
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The cities were very advanced. Most houses had indoor plumbing.
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Most houses had
indoor plumbing.
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The Harappans developed beautiful artisan crafts……
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…….and a system of weights and measures.
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They also developed India’s first writing system, but scholars have not been able to read it.
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Because of this, we know little for sure about the Harappan government, though it is thought that there were kings, who might have been thought of as gods.
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It’s also unclear why the Harappan civilization crumbled.
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READING CHECK
Why don’t we know much about
Harappan civilization?
(ANALYZING)
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ARYAN INVASION
http://my.hrw.com/ss_2012/ms_whist12/eactivities/Animation/wh05_aryan.html
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MAIN IDEA
The Aryan
migration to
India changed
the region’s
civilization.
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Originally nomads from Central Asia,
the Aryans had taken over the
Indus and Ganges River
valleys by 1200 BC.
http://my.hrw.com/ss_2012/ms_whist12/eactivities/Animation/wh05_aryan.html
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Unlike the Harappans, they had no
central government
and they did not build
planned cities.
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Aryans lived in small communities run by a local leader, or raja.
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Aryan groups
fought each other as often as
they fought outsiders.
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The Aryans spoke Sanskrit and developed a rich tradition of poems and hymns that survived from
generation to generation by word of mouth.
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Sanskrit - The most important language of
ancient India
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People later figured out how to write in Sanskrit.
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The huge lasting
influence of these early
written works made Sanskrit the
most important
language of ancient India.
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Much of what we know about the early Aryans comes to us through Sanskrit records.
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READING CHECK
What source provides much of the information we have
about the Aryans? (IDENTIFYING)
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SUMMARY: The earliest civilizations in India were centered in the
Indus Valley. First the Harappans and then the
Aryans lived in this fertile valley.