Early Civilizations. Categories and places Geography, Religion, Economy, Government, Social...
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Transcript of Early Civilizations. Categories and places Geography, Religion, Economy, Government, Social...
![Page 1: Early Civilizations. Categories and places Geography, Religion, Economy, Government, Social Structure, and notable achievements Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e455503460f94b3a48e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Early Civilizations
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Categories and places
Geography, Religion, Economy, Government, Social Structure, and notable achievements
Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, India, China
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Geography Mesopotamia-Tigris & Euphrates= irrigation but
irregular flood pattern found in modern day Iraq Egypt- Nile- predictable flood pattern, Travel
Desert=protection India- Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra Rivers
Hindu-Kush and Himalayas to N. Deccan Plateau arid and dry
China- Huang He (yellow) and Yangzi Rivers Isolate W. Himalayas and deserts
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Religion Mesopotamia- Polytheistic- Inanna= Mother
Earth Ziggurat=temple to the Gods
Persians (Zoroaster) Ahura Mazda- monotheistic Hebrews-Yahweh-monotheistic
Egypt- Henotheistic- belief in one God w/o denying existence of others Polytheistic…Amon Re = Sun God Osiris=God of underworld
Soul= Ka Pyramids=tombs
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Religion India-Polytheistic worshipped animals
(early) Vedas- collection of prayers and other religious teachings Arayans- polytheistic
China-Polytheistic Shang di (mother goddess) Yin= Earth, darkness, and female forces Yang= Heaven, light, and male forces
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Government Mesopotamia- City-states religious war rulers…seen as
servants to God Code of Hammurabi 300 laws (1790bc & Babylonian empire)
Egypt-Pharaoh with vizier-chief minister India- Priest/Kings as leaders Two main cities Mohenjo-
Daro and Harappa carefully planned Grid patterns China-Kings/Shang Zhou/ Mandate of Heaven—divine
right to rule Feudalism– system of government which lords govern their own lands but owe $ and service to support their ruler
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Economy Mesopotamia-Trade- brought in riches
barter system and agrarian society Egypt-Trade and farming India-Farmers- wheat, barley, fruit, cotton,
traders China-trade and farming development of
money
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Social Structure Mesopotamia- Top– Leading officials and
high priests Middle– merchants, artisans, lesser priests Low– peasant farmers and slaves
Egypt- Top– Pharaoh High Middle– High Priests and lower Priests Middle– Nobles, merchants, artisans, scribes Low– peasants and slaves
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Social Structure
India-Castes– social groups in which you are born into and can not change
Top: Priests High Middle- warriors Middle—Farmers, herders, merchants, and artisans Low---peasants and slaves
China-Top= king Middle= warriors, merchants, and artisans Low=peasants
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Achievements Mesopotamia= cuneiform, wheeled
vehicles, irrigation, land cultivation, alphabet (Phoenicians), coins, iron working
Egypt- papyrus, hieroglyphics, 12 month cal., pyramids, mummification, paintings and sculptures
India– city planning and plumbing China- calligraphy, bronze, silk making