Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of...
-
Upload
nickolas-fitzgerald -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of...
![Page 1: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Searching for data
![Page 2: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Zero Effect
When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in the world, you're only looking for one of them.
When you go looking for anything at all, your chances of finding it are very good. Because of all the things in the world, you're sure to find some of them.
-- “Daryl Zero” - The Zero Effect (2002) by Jake Kasdan
![Page 3: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Access Points
The Study Datasets within a study
Variables within a study
![Page 4: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Access Points
The Study“bibliographic”-like description: Author (PI), Title, Date (of “publication”), etc.
![Page 5: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Access Points
The Study“bibliographic”-like description: Author (PI), Title, Date (of “publication”), etc.
Datasets in a study Each State in the Census Each Congress in the Congressional Roll Call Each new poll in a series of polls
![Page 6: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Access Points
The Study“bibliographic”-like description: Author (PI), Title, Date (of “publication”), etc.
Datasets in a study Each State in the Census Each Congress in the Congressional Roll Call Each new poll in a series of polls
Variables Each Question and response text in a survey Each category in a taxonomy
![Page 7: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Each Study is Different
Study Datasets variables
GSS 1 (annual) 1 2000+
Census Every ten years
50+ 60+
Cal. Polls 6/year 200+ thousands
![Page 8: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Where do you start?
Different starting points Different tools Different strategies Search is an iterative process…
![Page 9: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Surveys
Census American community
survey Current population survey General social survey California poll Roper organization American National
Election Survey
Vital Statistics Health administration Crime reports Court reports Education reports SEC,FCC, FTC, etc. Legislative bodies Voting records Official economic
statistics
Administrative records
![Page 10: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data
Statistics
![Page 11: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Data
Statistics
AGGREGATEDATA
![Page 12: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
http://www.bls.gov/
![Page 13: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8.17.98.5
8.17.98.5
![Page 15: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Typical Characteristics of Aggregate Data
Contrast with microdata (lowest level of observation, e.g., person, firm, event)
Summarize microdata over time or space. Allow comparisons between geographic
areas or across time File formatted for easy use by statistical
software.
![Page 16: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Some Typical Aggregate Data
Census data ("summary files") Economic data (time series) Business data (company or industry
aggregates)
![Page 17: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The real world
![Page 18: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Data(microdata)
![Page 19: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aggregate Data
![Page 20: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Statistical tables
![Page 21: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Scholarly literature
![Page 22: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Popular press
![Page 23: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Continuum of access
Microdata Confidential microdata Public use microdata
Aggregate data Databases eTables (digital, tabular, on the web or on CD, etc.) ePublications (on the web or CD. Reports, statistical
abstracts, etc.) Scholarly publications Popular press
![Page 24: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Frameworks of statistical information
![Page 25: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
popular press
Confidential microdata
Public use microdata databases ePublications
Aggregate data eTablesScholarly literature
Continuum of access
![Page 26: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
popular press
Confidential microdata
Public use microdata databases ePublications
Aggregate data eTablesScholarly literature
data statistics(CONTENT)
Continuum of access
![Page 27: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
popular press
Confidential microdata
Public use microdata databases ePublications
Aggregate data eTablesScholarly literature
data statistics(CONTENT)
Continuum of access
less more(INDEXING)
![Page 28: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
popular press
Confidential microdata
Public use microdata databases ePublications
Aggregate data eTablesScholarly literature
data statistics(CONTENT)
expensive free(COSTS)
Continuum of access
less more(INDEXING)
![Page 29: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
popular press
Confidential microdata
Public use microdata databases ePublications
Aggregate data eTablesScholarly literature
data statistics(CONTENT)
restricted open(ACCESS)
expensive free(COSTS)
Continuum of access
less more(INDEXING)
![Page 30: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Access Points
•News.google.com•Lexis/Nexis•Newsbank•Factiva•Proquest•Etc…
Popular Press
![Page 32: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Access Points
•Scholar.google.com•Discipline indexes (Population Index, EconLit, PAIS, Sociofile, etc.)•Collection indexes(Muse, World DevelopmentSources, Criminology, etc.)
Scholarly Literature
![Page 33: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Access Points
Statistics•Statistical Universe•Statistical compendiaand abstracts•Bibliographies of statistical publications
![Page 34: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Access Points
Aggregate data
Aggregate data distributors
•Fedstats: fedstats.gov•American Factfinder: factfinder.census.gov•International Financial Statistics: imfstatistics.org•Rand California: ca.rand.org•United Nations Common Database: unstats.un.org/unsd/cdb•Bureau of Labor Statistics: stats.bls.gov
![Page 35: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Microdata
Data Archives and Data Libraries
•ICPSR: www.icpsr.umich.edu•UK Data Archive: www.data-archive.ac.uk•Council of European Social Science Data Archives: www.cessda.org/•History Data Service: hds.essex.ac.uk•American National Election Studies: http://www.electionstudies.org•Association of Religion Data Archives: thearda.com•NARA: www.archives.gov/research/electronic-record
Access Points
![Page 36: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tip: use the tools you know to find statistics that will lead you to data
Bibliographic indexes (OPACs for books and data, journal indexes, news indexes, statistical indexes)
Web search engines
"Agency" approach (who might have collected the data?)
Known compilations of statistics
Known data sources, archives, libraries
![Page 37: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tip: work "backwards" from statistics to the data source
Footnotes
Bibliography
Captions under tables and graphs
text
![Page 38: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/p20.html
![Page 43: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Tip: there is no one-and-only right way to begin a search for data
Ask 3 data librarians where to start a data-search and you'll probably get 3 different answers.
Each reference provider brings his or her own skills and experiences, knowledge and strategies.
Corollary: There may be many right end points of a search.
![Page 46: Searching for data. The Zero Effect When you go looking for something specific, your chances of finding it are very bad. Because of all the things in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649ea85503460f94bab692/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
What we know… Data come from surveys and administrative records Statistics come from data Aggregate data are summaries of microdata formatted
for use by statistical software The "continuum of data access" provides many entry
points for searching for data. The "best" search starts with tools that are familiar and
may lead to statistics first. By asking the right questions of users, we can focus in
on the best starting points that are most likely to yield results that will fit the user’s needs. (5 minutes or less!)