A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN

INFORMAL CONVERSATION USED BY 2009 BATCH STUDENTS OF ENGLISH

DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

A THESIS

BY :

ADISTI AULIA MARYAM

REG NO. 060705046

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

FACULTY OF LETTERS

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

MEDAN

2011

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN

INFORMAL CONVERSATION USED BY 2009 BATCH STUDENTS OF ENGLISH

DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

A THESIS

BY :

ADISTI AULIA MARYAM

REG. NO. 060705046

Supervisor, Co. Supervisor,

Drs. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A Rahmatsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D NIP. 19560705 198903 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

Submitted to the Faculty of Letters University of Sumatra Utara in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Literature.

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA

FACULTY OF LETTERS

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

M E D A N

2 0 1 0

Approved by the English Literature Department of Faculty of

Letters University of Sumatra Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for the

Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum Rahmatsyah Rangkuti,

M.A, Ph.D

N I P. 19571002 198601 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

Accepted by the board of Examination in partial fulfillment of

requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the English

Literature Department Faculty of Letters University of Sumatra

Utara Medan.

The Examination is held at the University of Sumatra Utara,

Faculty of Letters, English Literature Department on Thursday,

August, 26th, 2010.

The Dean of the Faculty of Letters

University of Sumatra Utara,

Dr. Drs. Syahron Lubis, M.A

N I P. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners:

1. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum

NIP 19571002 198601 2 003 ……………………………..

2. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum

NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003 ……………………………...

3. Drs. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A

NIP. 19560705 198903 1 002 ……………………………...

4. Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A

NIP. 19680122 199803 2 001 ……………………………....

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I want to thank to the One and Only, my Almighty God, Allah SWT for

everything God give me, health, strength and ability to finish this thesis. For every bless and

for every answered prayer. My Prophet, Rasulullah SAW, for inspiring me to live my life.

Secondly, I want to say thank you very much to the Dean of Faculty of Letters

University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M. A. Then, to the Head of English

Department, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum., who is also my academic advisor, and

the secretary of English Department, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum., who have given me

the opportunity and support to finish this thesis. What you give me in this almost four years is

very precious. Thank you for your care and for all your help. I am also very thankful to my

great supervisor, Drs. Ridwan Hanafiah, M.A and my co- supervisor, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,

M.A, Ph.D who have given their time to teach and guide me so that I can finish this thesis

very well. All your advice and motivations given to me are so precious and useful for my

improvement.

My father, H.Bambang Trileksono,S.T. I know Pa, how long you spend your time at

the office and how tired it is. It is all for us, for me. For every debate, it makes me grow up.

My mother, Hj.Elsye Murni Prihatini, she is my wonder woman. For every morning call, I

will wait for it till the day we are separate. Pa, Ma, thank you so much for your unconditional

love, tears, pray, support either moral or material. I hope your blessing and my desire always

walk together. My sister Fanny Dyah Ningrum and my brother Henry Ario Hafitz.

Sometimes I still see you as my little sister and brother but no, you are not. Welcome to the

jungle of life, guys. You two are the best person to fight with and the best person to share

with, thank you so much for being my sibling, I know you love me like I do. Quoted from a

song, I will be your fortress tall and strong. God, please bless and protect my family forever.

A very huge thank you for 2009 batch as the population and samples that allow me to

record your conversations, interfere you with my recorder, and thank you for being my

friends. You guys are awesome! Hey, did I promise to give you a cake? Later, okay?

My 2006 batch, thank you so much for this friendship. My special thanks and

appreciation to you all especially my best friends, Ummi Natsiroh Harahap, Rizki Amalianti,

Maznil Khairi Purba, Ifadatunnisa, Rika Asmah, Saswita Vianty, Ahmad Zainardo Hasibuan,

Mustakim (oh, I want to write all your name here!). Thank you for enlightening my life.

Being your friend is one of the greatest moment in my life, I hope it will stand forever. Dewi

Syahputri and Anggi Bahry Daulay ; these two mankinds really adjust my life. They are not

only a friend for me, they are my another sister and brother. Thank you so much for

everything you have given to me, for forgiving my mistake, for understanding my way, for

every love. My pep-pills; Fauzy Ozi, Nadia Sabrina, Laurentia Cornelia, Noni Faulinda, Qiqi

Hasibuan, Aji Nasution, Haryang Bakti, Icha Lubis and the Garuda Indonesia’s Hajj Flight

Attendant 2010. Thank you for the pep-talks. Remember this line, ‘mungkin di kehidupan

yang lalu kita ini bersahabat?’. I think it is true. Najmah Soraya Wahdani, for your big help,

matur suwun sanget. Andrie Djarot for ‘go skripsi’, maybe you do not remember it (you have

a lot of followers, remember?) but it means a lot to me. Friend is a sibling that we can choose

by our self. Thank you so much. Last but not least, Mr. Samsul Bahri, thank you for all your

help.

Finally, I realize there are still many weaknesses in my thesis. But I hope this thesis

can give a contribution to the others. I am waiting for critics that help me to be better in the

future.

Medan, August 2010 The Writer,

Adisti Aulia Maryam Reg. No. 060705046

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, Adisti Aulia Maryam, declare that Iam the sole author of this thesis except the

references that I use in this thesis are got from some related texts and books. This thesis is not

published yet or extracted in whole or in a part from another thesis.

No other person’s have been used without due acknowledgements in the main text of

this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted yet for the award of another degree in any

tertiary education.

Signed :

Date : August 2010

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : Adisti Aulia Maryam

Title of Thesis : A Brief Description Of Code Switching And Code Mixing In

Informal

Conversation Used By 2009 Batch Students Of English Department

University Of Sumatera Utara

Qualification : S-1/ Sarjana

Departmen : English Literature

I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the

discretion of the Librarian of University of Sumatera Utara, Faculty of

Letters, English Department on the understanding that users are made

aware for their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date : August 2010

ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul an analysis of language choice used by 2009 batch students of English Department University of Sumatera Utara. Skripsi ini membahas masalah pilihan bahasa pada mahasiswa Sastra Inggris stambuk 2009 Universitas Sumatera Utara. Skripsi ini terdiri dari 5 (lima) bab; bab I pendahuluan (introduction) membahas tentang latar belakang, batasan masalah, permasalahan, tujuan penulisan, dan manfaat penulisan. Bab II membahas tentang tinjauan pustaka dan teori-teori tentang sociolinguistics, speech community, bilingualism, language choice, code, code mixing and code switching. Bab III membahas metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis. bab IV berisikan hasil analisis tentang penggunaan pilihan bahasa pada mahasiswa Sastra Inggris stambuk 2009. Bab V berisikan kesimpulan dan saran. Skripsi ini menggunakan Metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan metode penilitian lapangan (field research) dengan cara observasi langsung (participant observation) dengan moderate participation atau dimana penulis menjadi bagian dari sample namun tidak secara keseluruham. Observasi dilakukan dengan teknik merekam dan mencatat hal-hal yang terjadi ketika observasi berlangsung. Sample yang diteliti adalah mahasiswa Sastra Inggris stambuk 2009, proses Penelitian berlangsung selama 1 (satu) bulan terhitung sejak bulan Februari – Maret 2010. Berdasarkan masalah yang dibahas oleh Penulis dalam skripsi in, penulis ingin menemukan tipe alih kode, bentuk campur kode serta alasan yang digunakan oleh sample dalam melakukan alih kode maupun campur kode. Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan penulis, tipe alih kode yang muncul ada 2 jenis, yaitu Intersentensial Switching dan Intra-Sentensial Switching dan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Intrasentensial Switching (82,8%). Bentuk campur kode yang ditemukan terdiri dari word insertion, hybrid insertion, phrase insertion, dan reduplication insertion dan yang paling dominan adalah penyisipan bentuk kata (word insertion (55,7%)) dan alasan yang paling dominan adalah penggunaan istilah-istilah dari bidang tertentu, seperti social networking. Sementara alasan lain yang ditemukan adalah topic comment/relative clauses, reiteration, quotations and hedging.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background of the analysis……………………….………………1

I.2 Scope of the analysis……………………………………………...6

I.3 Problems of the analysis……………………………………….....6

I.4 Objectives of the analysis………………………………………...6

I.5 Significance of the analysis………………………………………7

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

II.1 Related Studies……………………………………….…………8

II.2 Review of the Underlying Theories…………………………..…9

a. Sociolinguistics……………………………………….….9

b. Speech Community……………………………………..11

c. Bilingualism…………………………………………….13

d. Language Choice……………………………………….15

e. Code……………………………………………………16

f. Code Switching and Code Mixing……………………...18

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD

III.1 Population and Sample……………………………………......26

III.2 Location and Time of Observation………………………...….27

III.3 Data collecting Method………………………….....................27

III.4 Data analyzing Method………………………………….........29

CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND ANALYSIS

IV.1 Types of Code Switching……………....………………….....32

a. Intersentensial Switching………………………...…….33

b. Intra-Sentensial Switching………………………...…...37

IV.1.1 Explanation of Frequency of Occurrence

of Types of Code Switching in the Conversations

Between the Students of English Literature

Department 2009 Batch……………………………..38

IV.2 Forms of Code Mixing……..………………………………...39

IV.2.1 Explanation of Frequency of Occurrence

of the Forms of Code Mixing in the Conversations

Between the Students of English Literature

Department 2009 Batch……………………………..51

IV.3 Reasons Why 2009 Batch Students Use

Code Switching And Code Mixing…………………………...52

a. Idiom and Deep-Rooted Cultural Wisdom…………….54

b. Topic-Comment / Relative Clauses………………........55

c. Reiteration……………………………………………..56

d. Quotations……………………………………………..56

e. Hedging………………………………………………..57

f. Interjections………………………………………....…57

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION and SUGGESTION

V.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………….62

V.2 Suggestion………………………………………………….…64

APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIST OF TABLES

Table IV.1 Frequency of Occurrence of Types of Code Switching in the Conversations

Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009

Batch……………………………….…………………………………….………32

Table IV.2 Frequency of Occurrence of Forms of Code Mixing in the Conversations Between

the Students of English Literature Department 2009

Batch……………………………………………………………………….……40

Table IV.3 Frequency of Occurrence of Reasons of Code Mixing and Code Switching in the

Conversations Between the Students of English Literature

Department 2009 Batch……………………………………………….…………53

Table IV.4 The Occurrence of the Reasons of Code Mixing and Code Switching in the

Conversations Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009

Batch…………………………………………………………………….……….58

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background of the Analysis

Language is the first knowledge that humans know because since the first time they

exist, they talk. They talk not like we do now, but they use their own language such as sign

language. By the times, language changed. Human speech is different from the signals that

are used by animals.

Bloomfield (1933 : 4) says that Plato (427- 347 b.c) in his dialogue Cratylus discusses

the origin of words, and particularly the question whether the relation between things and the

words which name them is a natural and necessary relation or merely the result of a human

convention. Keraf (1983 : 2) notes that Dr.Jacob ever did research and concluded that :

“dengan demikian kami berpendapat bahwa bahasa berkembang perlahan-lahan dari system tertutup ke sistem terbuka antara 2 juta hingga ½ tahun yang lalu, tetapi baru dapat dianggap sebagai proto-lingua antara 100.000 hingga 40.000 tahun yang lalu.” “so, we argue that language growing slowly from the close system to the open system between two till half million

ago, but it just considered as proto-lingua between 100.00 till 40.00 years ago”.

From the statements above, it is known that since ancient time people have used

language. Language is not only about talking, but also writing is also part of language. So,

when people write and talk, they use language.

According to Oxford dictionary, language is way of expressing ideas and feelings

using movement, symbol and sounds; particular style of speaking and writing. From this

definition we can see that language is divided into two, spoken language and written

language. Spoken language is a form of communication in which words derived from a large

vocabulary (usually at 10.000) together with a diverse variety of names are uttered through or

with the mouth, while written language is the representation of a language by means of a

writing system. (www.en.wikipedia.org)

Language has two major functions, they are interactional function and transactional

function. Interactional function deals with how humans use language to interact each other

socially or emotionally. Transactional function deals with whereby humans use their

linguistics abilities to communicate knowledge, skills and information ( Yule, 1985 : 5-6).

Nowadays, there are so many experts who study about language that called

linguistics. Linguistics comes from Latin ‘Lingua’ means ‘language’. In general, linguistics is

a scientific study about language. Harimurti Kridalaksana in Kamus Linguistik - 3 rd edition

notes that this term appears for the first time in scientific magazine that is edited by Johann

Severin Vater and Friedrich Justin Bertuch. Then, Chaer ( 2007 : 13 ) says :

“linguistik mendekati bahasa sebagai bahasa , sebagai satu sistem lambang bunyi yang bersifat arbitrer, unik, produktif, dinamis dan bervariasi”. ”linguistics approach language as language, as a sound symbol system that arbitrer, unique, productive, dynamic and has variation”.

Linguistics itself has some branches, that is divided into microlinguistics and

macrolinguistics. In microlinguistics, it can be consisted of descriptive linguistics and

historical and comparative linguistics. Whereas in macrolinguistics we can divide it into two ;

applied linguistics (such as ; lexicography, language pathology, machanolinguistics,

translation and so on) and interdisciplinary (such as ; phonetics, psycholinguistics,

etnolinguistics, sociolinguistics etc).

One of linguistics branches that has a lot of cases to be analyzed is sociolinguistics.

Sociolinguistics is a term including the aspects of linguistics applied toward the connections

between language and society, and the way we use it in different social situations. It ranges

from the study of the wide variety of dialects across a given region down to the analysis

between the way men and women speak one to another. Sociolinguistics often shows us the

humorous realities of human speech and how a dialect of a given language can often describe

the age, sex, and social class of the speaker; it codes the social function of a language.

(www.logos.uoregon.edu)

From the definition above, we know that language and human being as a social man

can not be separated. In the writer’s mind, if human does not have any language, there is no

civilization. But time to time, civilization becomes more developed especially in this

globalization era. This globalization is also blowing the language world. Nowadays, human

being is demanded to be able to speak in international language, such as English. Nowadays,

kindergarten students even have started to learn English. This habit, then, will make people

become bilingualism or multilingualism. Bilingualism is using two languages or two

language codes, in sociolinguistics term bilingualism is using two language by a person in his

/ her activities by turns (Mackey 1962 : 12, Fishman 1975 : 73 in Chaer and Agustina 2004 :

84). Multilingualisme is a condition when people use more than two languages to interact

with other people by turns ( Chaer and Agustina 2004 : 85).

In bilingualism condition, realized or not people usually do a language choice.

Language choice is a variation of language that is used by a person when he / she talks to one

or more other person influenced by some factors such as speaker ( age, sex, ethnic, class

etc ), interaction ( topic, tone, situation etc), code ( source, genre etc ) and realization ( voice,

body, mode etc ) ( Preston and Shuy 1980 : 2-13). In language choice there are some term

exist. Quoted from Sumarsono and Paina (2002 : 200), language choice divided into three.

They are :

1. Variation within the same language. It is applied to a variation in a language, for

example; the variation of informal and formal Frenc in Europe and French in Quebec,

Canada.

2. Code switching. It usually happen when a person can speak two or more language

fluently. For example ; A has Batak language as his B1 and Indonesian as his B2 also

A can speak English. In a trip A meets with D then he starts a conversation with

Indonesian, but when A knows that D can speak Batak too, A sometimes speak in

Batak language. Suddenly, A and D meet with a tourist and he asks them about

something in English. Automatically, A and D speak in English. What A does is a

code switching and what language A uses is depending on some factors such as

participants, topic, setting, etc.

3. Code mixing. Code mixing is similar with intervension from a language to other

language. In code mixing, the speaker insert unsures of another language such as

word or phrase when he / she speaks in a language.

Talking about code mixing and code switching, there are some types of code mixing

and code switching. Tom McArthur in his article proposes four types of code switching, they

are : tag-switching, intra-sentential switching, intersentensial switching and intra-word

switching. While Suwito (1983) in Umar and Napitupulu (1994 : 14) divided code mixing

into two : innercode mixing and outercode mixing. Code mixing also has forms insertion into

a sentence, they are : word, phrase, idioms, hybrid and reduplication insertion (Suwito (1985 :

78) in Maulidini (2007 : 23)). Besides types, people has reasons why they use code mixing

and code switching when they are speaking. Bhatia & Ritchie (2004) in Kim Eunhee’s article

state that there are some factors influence someone do a code mixing or code switching such

as with whom, about what, and when and where a speech act occurs, bilinguals make their

language choice.

In daily conversation, spoken or written language, formal or informal situation,

realized or not, people use code switching and code mixing. For example in the dialogue

below that taken from a Short Message Service’s dialogue between the writer and her

friend.

1. A : yaelah gara-gara itunya, halah halah.. eh btw, thanks ya ceritamu

tadi membuatku tersenyum, I cried just before we are in dialogue.

B : kenapa nangis? your tears is so expensive to throw away.

The underlined sentences are code switching because A first replies what B tells her, then

suddenly the topic is changed though it’s still related and she uses English fully, naturally.

Then B replies the message also use code switching because the situation is influenced by

A.

2. Hah? di remove? kalo aku kalo ada yang kek gitu mending post nya

dia di hide aja, kasian.

The underlined words are code mixing because in one sentence, speaker uses some English

words when she speaks in Indonesian. those words are terms in facebook and the speaker

uses those words because she talks about something that happens in facebook. This code

mixing usually is not realized by the speaker.

From those examples, the writer is interested in doing a research about language

choice because this is a social indication that happens in daily life but just few people concern

with it. If this indication is exist for a long time, it can cause the language shift even the

language death.

I.2 Scope of the Analysis

Based on the fore mentioned background of analysis and facts that the writers finds,

actually there are some interesting cases that can be analyzed but the writer only focuses on

code switching and code mixing of the students of English Literature Department 2009 batch,

between Indonesian Language and English in their daily informal conversation in college

area with observation time about one month.

I.3 Problems of the Analysis

Based on the scope of this thesis, there are three questions appeared, they are :

1. What are the types of code switching found in daily social activities of 2009 batch?

2. What are the forms of code mixing found in daily social activities of 2009 batch?

3. What are the probable reasons why 2009 batch use code switching and code mixing?

I.4 Objectives of the Analysis

Related to the problems above, this research tries to find out and describe these

things:

1. To find out the types of code switching using by 2009 batch.

2. To find out the forms of code mixing using by 2009 batch

3. To find out the reasons why 2009 batch using code mixing and code switching.

I.5 Significance of the Analysis

There are two significances of the analysis of this thesis, they are :

1. Academically, the writer hopes that this thesis can enrich the linguistics and language

research field especially in sociolinguistics area.

2. Practically, this thesis can give more data about language choice that is used by a

group of community, especially from undergraduate students group which can be used

as one of data for language maintenance or language shift.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents theories that underlie the analysis of this thesis and also related

studies that support the analysis.

II.1 Related Studies

There are some scholars who ever did the research about language choice that relates

to the topic. They are :

Greenfield (1972) has done a research about language choice in Puerto Rico Spain

neighborhood that speak two language, Spanish and English. Greenfield limits his research in

three components; participant, setting and topic. (Sumarsono and Paina 2002 : 205).

Simon Herman (1968) has done a research about language choice from psychology

perspective. He sees a bilingual person surely faces three psychological situations when he

speaks to other person ; private necessary, immediate situational and background situation.

(Sumarsono and Paina 2002 : 210).

Yusriadi Usman (2006) has done an analysis of language choice in his thesis entitled

The Use of Vernacular Language Among The Gayo Students At North Sumatera Univeristy.

In his thesis, he finds that most Gayonese students use mixing language (Gayo-Indonesia) in

formal meeting but different from formal occasion, in non-formal meeting, they use different

language for different circumstances.

Najmah Soraya Wahdani (2008) in her thesis entitled Analysis of Code Switching and

Code Mixing in the Novel Macarin Anjing by Christian Simamora, has done an analysis

about code switching and code mixing using Hoffman’s theory of types and reasons of code

switching and code mixing. In addition, she also uses Saville-Troike’s theory of reasons of

code switching and code mixing.

Ratna Maulidini (2007) in her thesis entitled Campur Kode sebagai Strategi

Komunikasi Customer Service (studi kasus Nokia Care Centre Bimasakti Semarang), has

done analysis about the using of code mixing in customer service area. She observes the type,

forms, factors and function of code mixing that found in customer service conversations with

the clients.

II.2 Review of the Underlying Theory

a. Sociolinguistics

Before we have detail description of theory that is related to this thesis, we should

know what sociolinguistics is. Sociolinguistics consists of two knowledge ; sociology and

linguistics. There are some definitions of sociology. David Popenoe in his book Sociology

says sociology is the systematic and objective study of society and social behavior (1986 : 4).

Soerjono Soekanto ( 2006 : 17-18 ) in his book “Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar” also quotes

some scholars about the definition of sociology. The writer uses Pitirim Sorokin and Roucek

and Warren. Pitirim Sorokin says :

“Sosiologi adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari : 1) hubungan dan pengaruh timbal balik antara aneka macam gejala-gejala sosial. 2) hubungan dan pengaruh timbal balik antara gejala social dengan gejala non-sosial. 3) ciri-ciri umum semua jenis gejala-gejala sosial”. “sociology is a scientific study about : 1) the connection and reciprocal influence between the various social indications. 2) the connection and reciprocal influence between social indication and nonsocial indication. 3) the general characteristics of all variation of social indications.”

While Roucek and Warren say that sociology is “ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan antara

manusia dalam kelompok”. “sociology is the scientific study about the relationship between

humans in society”.

Thio (1986 : I1) also proposes sociology as the scientific of human behavior. It shows

us how people interact with each other, how groups or societies diferr, and how these social

units affect human behavior. From his statement, we can conclude that language is one of the

way to interact with each other and also affect human behavior.

From those definitions we know the object study of sociology is the relationship

between people and the changing of society. The society itself is a highly structured system of

human orgabization for large-scale community living that normally furnishes protection,

continuity, security, and a national identity for its member. (www.dictionary.com)

Like the writer writes above, sociolinguistics consists of two knowledge ; sociology

and linguistics. Bussmann et all ( 2000 : 284 ) proposes linguistics as scientific discipline

with the goal of describing language and speech in all relevant theoretical and practical

aspects and their relation to adjoining disciplines. While Hudson (in Umar and Napitupulu

1994 : 1) say :

“linguistik adalah disiplin yang mempelajari struktur bahasa tanpa mengkaji konteks sosial tempat struktur itu dipelajari atau digunakan”. “ linguistics is a scientific discipline about language structure without examine the social context where the structure is learned or used”.

We can say that sociology talks about human in a society, and in a simple definition,

we can define linguistics as the study of language. There is a relationship between sociology

and linguistics, that formulated as sociolinguistics.

Hudson (1996 : 4) says, sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to

society’, implying (intentionally) that sociolinguistics is part of the study of language.

M. Amrin Siregar also proposes that sociolinguistics is a branch or sub-discipline of

linguistics which studies all aspects of the relationship between language and society ( 2000 :

1 ).

Bussman et all says that sociolinguistics is scientific discipline develop from the co-

operation of linguistics and sociology that investigated the social meaning of the language

system and of language use, and the common set of conditions of linguistics and social

structure ( 2000 : 439 ).

Then, Fishman (in Chaer and Agustina 1995 : 4) says sociolinguistics as the study of

characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their function, and the

characteristics of their speaker as these three constantly interact, change and change one

another within a speech community.

Milroy and Milroy in their article “Language In Society : Sociolinguistics” (in

Collinge (ed.) 1990 : 485) say sociolinguistics is the study of language as it is used by real

speakers in social and situational contexts of use.

So, we can conclude that sociolinguistics is interdisciplinary study which studies

about the relationship between language and social factors in a speech community.

b. Speech Community

Every person comes from a community that has its own characteristic include the way

they talk. The members of community might be to speak the same language, same dialect or

same varieties. A group of this people is known as speech community. Bloomfield (1933 :

42) offers the simple definition of speech community. He says that a speech community is a

group of people who interact by means of speech. In addition, Hudson (1998 : 24) also

defines speech community as all people who speak a single language and so share notions of

what is same or different in phonology or grammar.

Gumperz (1971) says (in Wardhaugh, 1986 : 116) that speech community is :

Any human aggregate characterized by regular and frequent interaction by means of a shared body of verbal signs and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences in language use.

Most groups of any permanence, by they small bands bounded by face-to-face contact, modern nations divisible into smaller subregions, or even occupational associations or neighborhood gangs, may be treated as speech communities, provided they show linguistics peculiarities that warrant special study.

In other words, the member of a speech community not only have to share a set of

grammatical rules, but also there must be regular relationship between language use and

social structure.

Furthermore, Labov (in Wardhaugh 1986 : 115) defines speech community as

follows:

The speech community is not defined by any marked agreement in the use of language elements, so much as by participation in a set of shared norms; these norms may be observed in overt types of evaluative behavior, and by the uniformity of abstract patterns of variation which are invariant in respect to particular levels of usage.

The members of the same speech community should share linguistic norms. That is,

they share understanding and values of attitudes toward language varieties present in their

community. A speech community is not more than some kinds of social group whose speech

characteristics are of interest and can be described in a coherent manner (Wardhaugh, 1986:

113).

In a speech community, for sure there is a speech acts. Chaer and Agustina defines

speech act as terjadinya atau berlangsungnya interaksi linguistic dalam suatu bentuk ujaran

atau lebih yang meilbatkan dua pihak, yaitu penutur dan lawan tutur, dengan satu pokok

tuturan, di dalam waktu, tempat dan situasi tertentu. “ a linguistics interaction in one or

more speech form, involving two person, speaker and listener, with a particylar topic, in a

particular time, place and situation.” (1995 : 46)

c. Bilingualism

Having been mentioned previously, bilingualism is using two languages or two

language codes, in sociolinguistics term bilingualism is using two languages by a person in

his / her activities by turns (Mackey 1962 : 12, Fishman 1975 : 73 in Chaer and Agustina

2004 : 84). And Hudson (1998 : 45) defines bilingual as a person who has some functional

ability in a second language.

Weinreich (1970:1) in Umar and Napitupulu (1994 : 8) limits bilingualism as “praktik

penggunaan dua bahasa secara bergantian”. “bilingualism is using two languages by turns”.

This definition proposed by Weinreich is also valid for multilingualism.

Nababan (1993 : 27) differs bilingualism and bilinguality. According to him,

bilingualism is a habitual to use two languages to interact with other people. Bilinguality is an

ability to use two languages. So, we can conclude that bilingualism is a habitual, bilinguality

is an ability and bilingual is the person.

The bilinguals have a repertoire of domain-related rules of language choice (Spolsky,

1998: 47), means that bilinguals are able to choose which language they are going to use in a

social condition. A bilingual is able to switch or mix their language at a different location,

different role relationship or different topic.

There are some factors why a person can be a bilingual. Such as mobilization,

nationalism, education, culture, or religion. Mobilization can make a bilingualism condition

when an immigrant have to interact with the native, they will learn the native language.

Nationalism movement appears a necessity of a national language to unite a whole nation or a

necessity to have a legal language of a country like Indonesia. Education and culture can also

make a bilingualism situation if those languages and cultures spread to other places, so

persons who want to learn about it have to understand the language first. The religion is

usually written in a language, Arabic in Islam or Latin in Christian. It makes we have to

understand about the language if we want to understand about it. (Umar and Napitupulu 1994

: 9-10)

Spolsky (1998 : 48) divides bilingualism into two : coordinate and compound. While

Weinreich (1970 in Umar and Napitupulu 1994 : 10-11) divides bilingualism into three :

coordinate, compound and subordinate. Spolsky defines coordinate bilingualism as who had

learned each language in separate contexts, and so kept them distinct and compound

bilingualism as whose two languages were assumed to be closely connected, because one

language had been learned after (and so through) the other. Weinreich defines compound and

coordinate bilingualism similar with Spolsky did. While subordinate bilingualism according

to him describes the tendency of bilinguals to interpret the same words in a dominant

language and a weak language based on the meaning in dominant language.

In Indonesia, it is clear that everybody is practically bilingual. In the cities and towns

people speak one vernacular or local language and Indonesian. But nowadays, for some

populations, especially in urban centers, competence in speaking three languages (local

language, Indonesian and foreign language) is common. This happens because official matter,

business and government affair are conducted in urban center. People tend to use formal

Indonesian or foreign language such as English when they have to face official business

matter or government affair, and they usually use their mother tounge when they speak in an

informal situation.

d. Language Choice

In a bilingualism or multilingualism society, there are some codes, such as language,

dialect, variation and style that used in social interaction. With those codes, a person can or

will choose a code according to some factors. This process called language choice. This

language choice depends on some factors such as participants, setting, topic and so on

( Sumarsono and Paina 2002 : 199). Evan-Tripp (1972) in Faturrohman (2009) identified four

main factors in language choice, they are : setting (time and place) and situation, participants

in the interaction, topic of the conversation and interaction functions. The first factor such as

the situation of dinner with family or dinner with client will make a difference in a language

choice. The second factor is something like age, gender, job and so on. The third factor

depends on the topic, like the law case nowadays, family matters. The fourth factor is

interaction function like request, habit, giving an information.

Some scholars have done a research about it and find some reasons why people do a

language choice. Brown-Ford (1961), Sibayan (1984), and Rubin (1972) do it and we can

conclude that in some reasons, they are : intimacy level, social statue, situation (formal or

informal), and location.

Geertz (1960) also does a research about language choice in Javanese community. He

does a research in intradialect bilinguals and finds that not only the qualitative characteristics

of bilingualism such as age, gender, family relations, job, economic level, education, religion

or family background, but also the more general factors like ; social background ( Javanese

will use the highest kind of Java language in a wedding than in a market) , content of the

conversation (Javanese will use the lower kind of Java language when they are talking about

economics and use the highest one when they are talking about faith) , the history of social

relationship between the speakers (Javanese will use the hughest kind of Java language when

they are speaking with someone who ever fought with them) and the attendance of the third

person ( Javanese usually use the highest kind of Java language for all the participant when

there is a third person). (Umar and Napitupulu 1994 : 24-25)

In a language choice, there are three categories. First, choosing one variation from the

same language (intra language variation), for example Ngoko and Kromo in Java Language.

Second, do a code switching. Third, do a code mixing.

e. Code

People use a language as a code to communicate to others. The term ‘code’ is useful

for common people to understand because it is neutral and general. When people open their

mouth to speak, they have to choose a particular code to express their thought or feeling. In

this case, the particular code is a particular language, dialect, style, register or variety. Code

itself is a system used for communication between two or more parties. (Wardhaugh 1986 :

86, 99)

The term ‘code’, as defined by Stephen Littlejohn in Theories of Human

Communication (2002), refers to a set of organizing principles behind the language employed

by members of a social group. (www.zimmer.csufresno.edu)

In code world, Basil Bernstein makes a significant contribution to the study of

Communication with his sociolinguistic theory of language codes. Sociolinguistics theory

developed by him that is based on the premise that different classes within a society are

marked by different types of social relations. From such relations different ‘codes’ arise

which, through a process of linguistics socialization, have a stabilizing effect upon the social

structure. Corresponding to the class divisions of society is the linguistics dichotomy of an

‘elaborated’ (middle-class) code and a ‘restricted’ (lower-class) code (Bussmann et all 2000 :

79). Littlejohn (2002) suggests that Bernstein’s theory shows how the language people use in

daily conversation both reflects and shapes the assumptions of a certain social group.

Furthermore, relationships established within the social group affect the way that group uses

language, and the type of speech that is used. (www.zimmer.csufresno.edu)

Dell Hymes (in Kunjana 2001 : 29-35, in Chaer and Agustina 1995 : 62) in his writing

‘Models of Interaction of language and Social Life’ shows there are some components that

influence in code choice in a speech. He calls it Component of Speech. First, this model has

sixteen components that can be applied to many sorts of discourse, but then Hymes makes it

into eight and constructed the acronym, S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G.

S (settings) refers to time and place of a speech act. In general, it includes the

situation of speech acts.

P (participants) refers to the persons who involve in the speech acts. They can be a

speaker or listener. In code choice, this component of speech involves two social dimension

of human, they are : horizontal dimension (solidarity) it is about the relationship between

speaker and listener, and vertical dimension (power) it is about social factors such as age,

class social, social statue, and etc.

E (ends) refers to the purpose, goal and outcomes of speech act.

A (act sequences) refers to form and order of the event or to the type and the content

of speech act.

K (key) refers to the tone and the manner dealing with how message is delivered.

I (instrumentalities) refers to the channels and form of speech. Channels can be

written or oral language or even symbols. Form of speech can be kind of language such as the

language varieties.

N (norms) divided into two : interaction norms and interpretations norms. Those are

refers to the norm and rules of interacting and interpreting in a speech act. Social rules

governing the event and the participants' actions and reaction.

G (genres) refers to the kind of speech act or event. Such as conversation, telling a

story, speech and so on. If the genre is different, the code that we use is different too.

f. Code Switching and Code Mixing

In bilingual or multilingual society, most of the speakers have more than a language

to speak. Bilinguals can choose what language they are going to use. In this line, Spolsky

(1998:46) says “the bilinguals have a repertoire of domain-relate rules of language choice”.

In other words, bilinguals can vary their choice of language to suit the existing situation and

condition in order to communicate effectively. People then are usually forced to select a

particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to switch from one

code to another or to mix codes (Wardhaugh, 1986: 100). This process usually called code

switching and code mixing.

Code Switching

Haugen (1956) says code switching occurs when a bilingual introduces a completely

unassimilated word from another language into his speech (www.glottopedia.de). Then,

Siregar (2000 : 13) states that code switching is a change by a speaker (or writer) from one

language or language variety to another one.

Suwito (1983) as quoted by Umar and Napitupulu (1994 : 13) divided code switching

into two : intern and extern. Intern occurs interlanguage, interdialect, or interstyle in a

language, for example from Ngoko to Kromo in Java language. Extern is that switching

occurs between foreign language and native language, for example Indonesian to English.

There are another types of code switching that based on the distinction which applies to style

shifting. Situational code switching and Metaphorical code switching. Wardhaugh (1986:

103) states that situational code switching occurs when the languages used change according

to the situation in which the conversants find themselves: they speak one language in one

situation and another in a different one. When a change of topic requires a change in

language used, we have metaphorical code switching. While Tom McArthur in his article

(1998) divided code switching into four major types :

a) Tag-switching, in which tags and certain set phrases in one language are inserted into

an utterance otherwise in another, as when a Panjabi/English bilingual says: It's a nice

day, hana? (Panjabi : hai nā , English : isn't it).

b) Intra-sentential switching, in which switches occur within a clause or sentence

boundary, as when a Yoruba/English bilingual says: Won o arrest a single person

(Yoruba : won o , English : they did not).

c) Intersentential switching, in which a change of language occurs at a clause or sentence

boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or the other, as when a

Spanish/English bilingual says: Sometimes I'll start a sentence in English y termino en

español (Spanish : y termino en español , English : and finish it in Spanish). This last

may also occur as speakers take turns.

d) Intra-word switching, in which a change occurs within a word boundary, such as in

shoppã (English shop with the Panjabi plural ending ã) or kuenjoy (English enjoy with

the Swahili prefix ku, meaning ‘to’).

Code Mixing

The other phenomenon closely related to code switching is code mixing. Code mixing

occurs when a conversation use both languages together to the extent that they change from

one language to the other in the course of a single utterance (Wardhaugh, 1986: 103). It

means that the conversants just change some of the elements in their utterance. Code mixing

can involve various mixing levels of language, such as phonology, morphology or lexical

items.

In his book “sociolinguistics”, R.A.Hudson (1996 : 53) states that in code switching

the point at which the languages change corresponds to a point where the situation changes,

either on its own or precisely because the language changes. There are other cases, however,

where a fluent bilingual talking to another fluent bilingual changes language without any

change at all in the situation. This kind of alternation is called code mixing.

Siregar (2000 : 13) says in code mixing, there is a main code or a basic code which is

used and has function and autonomy, while the other codes involved in a speech event

constitute pieces only without any function or autonomy as a code. Some people said that if

we talk in two languages in a time, it means actually we can not speak in both languages well.

But Wardhaugh (1986 : 104) states :

Conversational code-mixing is not just ahaphazard mixing of two languages brought about by laziness or ignorance or some combination of these. Rather, it quires conversant to have a sophisticated knowledge of both languages and to be acutely aware of community norms. These norms require that both languages be used in this way so that conversants can show their familiarity and solidarity.

Code mixing also has some type. Suwito (1983) in Umar and Napitupulu (1994 : 14)

divided code mixing into two : innercode mixing and outercode mixing. Innercode mixing is

sourced from the native language with all its variations (formal, standard, informal or non-

standard). While outercode mixing is sourced from foreign language. In this thesis, because

the scope is clear that the writer only focus on Indonesian and English language,

automatically the only type of code mixing here is the outercode mixing.

Code mixing is usually occurs in the middle of a sentence. According to Suwito (1985

: 78) in Maulidini (2007 : 23), based on the unsure of language that involve in it, there are

some forms of code mixing, they are1 :

1 All the examples in “forms of code mixing” is taken from Girlfriend Magazine Indonesia – January 2010 issue.

a) Word insertion

The insertion of words here means inserting words from another language into a

dominant language that used in a conversation.

Example : “biar pikiran menjadi fresh sebelum kamu masuk kelas”

b) Phrase insertion

A phrase is a group of words without a verb, especially one that forms part of a

sentence. Phrase insertion here a sequence of words, which used to refer to a sequence

of words functioning as a single unit.

Example : “semua karyanya selalu sukses membangkitkan the feel-good vibe di dalam

diri kita”

c) Idiom or expression insertion

Idiom is a phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its

individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit. While expression is a

word or pharse or term from particular field. It means inserting an idiom or a term

from particular field from another language into the conversation.

Example : “cewek pengagum Biyan ini memproduksi koleksi ready-to-wear dengan

harga terjangkau”

d) Hybrid insertion

Literally, hybrid is a thing made by combining two different elements. In this case,

hybrid is the combination between native and foreign form. Such as, combine the

prefix from one language with a word from another language.

Example : “feature-nya juga makin banyak”

e) Reduplication insertion

Reduplication is a repetition of word.

Example : “barang-barang yang tersedia juga merupakan brand-brand terkenal”

Reasons for code mixing and code switching

Bilinguals often do code mixing and code switching when communicating with

another person who also bilingual. It happens for a number of reasons. Bhatia & Ritchie

(2004) in Kim Eunhee’s article state that there are some factors influence someone do a code

mixing or code switching such as with whom, about what, and when and where a speech act

occurs, bilinguals make their language choice. In depth, they state :

a) Participant Roles and Relationship

Participant roles and relationships play a very critical role in bilinguals’ unconscious

agreement and disagreement on language choice. That is whether bilinguals code-mix

or not, depends on whom they talk to.

b) Situational Factors

Some language are viewed as more suited to particular participant / social groups,

settings or topics to other. They also postulate that social variables such as class,

religion, gender, and age can influence the pattern of language mixing and switching

both qualitatively and quantitatively.

c) Message-Intrinsic Factors

There are some factors which generate code-mixing and code-switching such as :

Quotations : direct quotations usually make a bilingual mix or switch their

language. In Indonesia, most of quotes come from a well-known figures from

some English-speaking countries. So, they usually switch their language when

they have to say a quotation.

Reiteration : when a bilingual wants to clarify her speech to someone, she tries to

find another word that has a same meaning through switch or mix her language

and make the listener understand it.

Topic-comment / Relative clauses : sometimes, people can start a conversation

with a language then comment on it or end it through another language. Nishimura

(1989) found that in Japanese – English bilinguals, sometimes a topic is

introduced in Japanese and the comment is given in English.

Hedging: when bilinguals do not want their speech is understood by other, they

usually mix or switch their language.

Interjections : inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors. People cam

sometimes mark an interjection or sentence connectors. It may happen

unintentionally or intentionally.

idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom : it has same function with direct

quotations, but it is about idioms, a very common words or wisdom words.

d) Language Attitudes, Dominance, and Security

Language Attitudes, Dominance, and Security determine the qualitative and

quantitative properties of language mixing. Attitudes means the frequency of mix and

switch depends on whether a society considers it positively or not. Dominance means

how often people mix or switch their language depends on how much they mastering

those both languages. Security means when people do not feel secure, they tend to

mix language more.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The method of this thesis is qualitative research. As quoted from Sugiyono (2009 :

14), qualitative research is :

“metode penelitian kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah, (sebagai lawannya adalah eksperimen) dimana peneliti adalah sebagai instrument kunci, pengambilan sampel sumber data dilakukan secara purposive dan snowball, tekhnik pengambilan dengan trianggulasi (gabungan), analisis data bersifat induktif / kualitatif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi”. Qualitative research method is a research method that based on posypositivism philoshopy, used to observ in natural object condition where the researcher is the key instrument, the technique of sampling through purposive and snowball, to collect the data using triangulation, the data analysis is inductively / qualitatively, and meaning is the essential of qualitative research.

Bodgan and Biklen (1982) propose five characteristics of qualitative research as quoted from

Sugiyono (2009 : 21), they are :

a. Qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct source of data and researcher

is the key instrument.

b. Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected is in the form of words of

pictures rather than number.

c. Qualitative research are concerns with process rather than simply with outcomes or

products.

d. Qualitative research tends to analyze their data inductively.

e. “meaning” is essential to the qualitative approach.

The design of this research is descriptive qualitative research. Based on the five

characteristics of qualitative research as proposed by Bodgan and Bilken, this research will

show the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the collecting data and will be

collected in words form.

III.1 Population and Sample

To do this research, the writer needs population and sample. The population in this

thesis is the students of English Department 2009 batch, but because the writer will do a

qualitative research then the writer will choose some samples, by purposive sampling

technique. This technique makes the writer can take the sample with a special consideration.

Based on the characteristic that Bodgan and Biklen propose, we can say that

qualitative research is naturalistic research. Lincoln and Guba (1985) say that “naturalistic

sampling is, then, very different from conventional sampling. It is based on informational, not

statistical, considerations. Its purpose is to maximize information, not to facilitate

generalization”. Lincoln and Guba also say special characters of purposive sample are :

1) Emergent sampling design, 2) Serial selection of sample units, 3) continuous adjustment,

4) selection to the point of redundancy. So, the sample is decided when the researcher or the

writer start the research. The writer chooses some people that are considered will give the

data that the writer need. After that, from those samples, the writer will choose more people

to be the sample to give more complete data. But, in purposive sampling, samples are chosen

by information consideration. Further, Lincoln and Guba say “if the purpose is to maximize

information, then sampling is terminated when no new information is forth-coming from

newly samples units; thus redundancy is the primary criterion”. (Sugiyono 2009 : 301-302)

From the technique explained above, the writer has done the first observation to find

out who are the best students who can give the complete data. Those students are students

who speak English active and quite fluently. Then, they are in one group which is one of

reason why people do code mixing and code switching.

The clear amount of the samples is not given yet, because it is still temporary.

III.2 Location and Time of Observation

The observation is located in area of Faculty of Letters University of Sumatera Utara,

Jalan Universitas no.1 Medan when the samples have no class and the observation is held on

February 2010 - March 2010 between 10 am to 2 pm.

III.1.3 Data Collecting Method

Since this research is a descriptive qualitative research, the main instrument of this

research is the writer herself as the key-human-instrument. Quoted from Sugiyono (2009 :

306), Lincoln and Guba (1986) say “ the instrument of choice in naturalistic inquiry is the

human. We shall see that other forms of instrumentation may be used in later phases of the

inquiry, but the human is the initial and continuing mainstay. But if the human instrument has

been used extensively in earlier stages of inquiry, so that an instrument can be constructed

that is grounded in the data that the human instrument has product”. Therefore, the researcher

or the writer as key-human-instrument has functions to decide the focus of research, choosing

the samples, collecting the data, analyzing the data, and making a conclusion of the

research’s result.

In qualitative research, there are some ways in collecting the data, they are :

interview, observation, and documentary (Sugiyono, 2009 : 309). In doing research, data can

be divided into two : primary and secondary data. Primary data is data that directly taken

from the observation time. Whereas secondary data is data that taken from the documentary

of the sample, for example : the history life of samples. In this thesis, the writer will use one

of three ways in collecting data. Observation is done to get the primary data.

Sanafiah Faisal (1990) makes a classification of observation then Spradley in Susan

Stainback (1988) divides participant observation into four ( Sugiyono, 2009 : 310 - 313 ),

they are :

Based on the chart, the writer will do the participant observation with moderate participation.

Moderate participation means that the researcher maintains a balance between being insider

and outsider (Sugiyono 2009 : 312), so the writer then will follow some activities of the

samples but not all of them. To help the writer collects the data, the writer uses another

Observation

participant observation

passive participation

moderate participation

active participation

complete participation

overt and covert observation

unstructured observation

instrument which is camcorder to record the dialogue of the samples in their daily social

activities.

Spradley (1980) in Sugiyono (2009 : 315) say that there are three steps of observation,

they are :

a. Descriptive Observation ; in this step, the researcher or the writer do a general and

complete exploration, describe all the writer see, listen and feel. This observation

usually called grand tour observation.

b. Focused Observation ; usually called mini tour observation, it means this observation

is limited to focus on certain aspects.

c. Selected observation ; in this step, the researcher or the writer has explained the focus

that has found, so the data will be more specific.

In qualitative research, collecting data done in natural setting, primary source data,

and data collecting technique is more done through participant observation. (Sugiyono 2009 :

309).

III.1.4 Data Analyzing Method

After all the data are collected and then transcribe into a good script, the next step is

data analysis, where the collected data are analyzed using the following steps:

a. Coding the data based on the types, forms and the reasons of code switching and code

mixing. The analysis uses the the four types of code switching as proposed by Tom

McArthur, then uses the forms of code mixing as proposed by Suwito. The writer also

uses the reasons for code mixing and code switching as proposed by Kim Eunhee.

b. Discussing and summarizing the findings. In this step, the writer shows how many of

the four types of code switching and the forms of code mixing are found in the

dialogues of the samples in their daily social activities. Also, the researcher shows

how many of the four reasons of language mixing and switching in it.

Because of the design of this thesis is descriptive qualitative research, to analyze the

data, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method. Bungin (2001: 187) states “ analysis

deskriptif terdiri atas tiga, yaitu: a) Frekuensi Distribusi, b) Tendensi Sentral, c) Standard

Deviasi”. Descriptive analysis is divided into three, they are : a) Distributive Frequency. B)

Central Tendency, c) Standard Deviation.

For this research, the writer chooses distribusi Frekuensi in calculating the data.

Bungin (2001 : 188) states distributive frequency is “perhitungan data dengan destribusi

frekuensi ini dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung frekuensi data tersebut kemudian frekuensi

itu dipersentasekan”. Calculating data with distributive frequency is calculating the

frequency of the data then the frequency is percentaged.

From the explanation above, the writer gets the dominant point through the following

formula from Bungin (2005 : 171-172) :

n = F x

N× 100%

Where,

n : total frequency of code mixing or code switching in percent.

FX : total types frequency of the sub-category

N : Total types of all categories.

CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND ANALYSIS

After do the research in February until March, the writer get some conversations from

28 samples. Actually, the population are all of the students of English Department 2009 batch

that number in 55 students. The writer only take 28 students, because these students are they

who allows their conversation is recorded and they are fluently enough in speaking English.

Then the fact is this 28 samples are they are who do language choice during the observation.

After transcribe the data, the writer only focus on 22 conversations that show the code

switching and code mixing. Then the writer analyze it using the theory as shown in chapter II,

and now the writer presents the findings of the research and the discussions of the findings in

this chapter.

Based on the research objections, the discussion in this chapter include : i) the types

of code switching using by 2009 batch, ii) the forms of code mixing using by 2009 batch, iii)

and the reasons why 2009 batch using code mixing and code switching.

In every subtitle, the expressions that contain code switching and code mixing that are

suitable with the subtitle are printed in boldface.

IV.1 The Types of Code Switching Using by 2009 Batch in Daily Social Activities

As presented in chapter II, there are four types of code mixing proposed by Tom

McArthur. Each of the data has been analyzed to find out which of the four types that can be

found in the conversations between the samples. Before going to the explanation, the writer

presents the table which contains the frequency of the occurrence of the types of code

switching.

Table IV.1 Frequency of Occurrence of Types of Code Switching in the Conversations

Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009 Batch.

No. Types of Code Switching Frequency Percentages

1. Intersentensial Switching 58 82,8 %

2. Intra-Sentensial Switching 12 17,2 %

3. Tag-Switching 0 0 %

4. Intra-Word Switching 0 0 %

TOTAL 70 100 %

The table shows that most samples use intersentential switching in their conversation.

This type occurs 58 times (82,8 %). Then, in the second place is intra-sentential switching

which occurs 12 times (17,2 %). Next, tag-switching occurs 0 times (0 %). And the last type,

intra-word switching occurs 0 times (0 %).

a. Intersentensial Switching

This kind of code switching occurs at a clause or sentence boundary, where each

clause or sentence is in one language or the other. This last may also occur as speakers take

turns. There are 34 sentences that belong to intersentensial switching, they are :

Conversation 1 :

Sent. 8 : “iya dia jadinya kok ulang tahun stress kali hari ini kan gitu.. Hallo.. ini

hari ini tanggal 25 ya? Tanggal 25? Bertepatan dengan ulang tahunnya Savrijal,

anak 09, kita lagi rencanain nih.. so we try to make a plan this birthday ya..

pokoknya, give him a surprise, this.. best birthday in her life.

Sent. 9 : Her life?

Sent. 10 : His life his life, jadi kita we try to make aaa…. Little play laa.. jadi

kita lagi nyusun. ikutin aja apa yang bakal kita buat savrijal, jadi savrijal happy

birthday..

Sent. 12 : Pokoknya kita hari ini mau buat kamu menderita, sedih, sumpah

pokoknya mau mati aja. Tapi pokoknya ujungnya ini akan jadi ulang tahun

terindah buat kamu, we love you Jal..

Conversation 2 :

Sent. 14 : According to me, at 5 p.m

Sent. 15 : five thirty..

Sent. 16 : Five thirty…

Sent. 17 : Five thirty p.m ya..

Sent. 19 : At the campus, certainly..

Sent. 20 : In front of sasing...

Sent. 26 : Bukan makan bakso arema... it's not mean that we are eating bakso

arema. noo...

Conversation 4 :

Sent. 6 : Facial, facial…

Sent. 58 : You should introduce yourself in Korea.

Sent. 62 : Ehmm... i am forget..

Conversation 5 :

Sent. 37 : Ha.. you're so beautiful..

Sent. 42 : What are you.. oh no, wait wait... ehmm... okey, do you want to

make what is that? from... what do you want to do with this picture, i mean

that with this video?..

Sent. 55 : Oh iya, i want to tell you that.. what is that? ehm.. hari ini aku lagi

mood dan terus... aaa.... uda kakak...

Conversation 8 :

Sent. 4 : all city, fireflash.. all city fireflash! yang betul la..

Sent. 20 : kayaknya ini uang haram kan, aku ga mungkin berkecimpung didunia

ini terus. Udah saatnya, hey you have to stop, gitu kan. kira-kira apa yang bisa

dijual..

Conversation 9 :

Sent. 3 : where?

Sent. 50 : okay..

Conversation 10 :

Sent. 40 : what's the best place for you?

Sent. 47 : what's the best experience in place?

Conversation 14 :

Sent. 51 : iya.. I ever go to Bali katanya gitu.. 2 kali atau 3 kali hari itu wall

kami.. cakep dia loh..

Sent. 62 : where is my water?

Sent. 67 : erase.. erase..

Sent. 70 : You are so foul.

Sent. 72 : erase.. erase..

Conversation 15 :

Sent. 1 : how about Rini?

Sent. 25 : executive

Sent. 80 : follow-follow.

Sent. 109 : no text?

Sent. 113 : my name is Alfred.

Sent. 114 : can you call Rini?

Sent. 116 : Rini, don't forget about your money. gitu kan?

Conversation 16 :

Sent. 4 : what time?

Sent. 16 : Ade.. Thank you..

Sent. 18 : tankyu so much [m∧t∫]

Conversation 17 :

Sent. 5 : cream..

Sent. 12 : badmood, badmood.

Sent. 13 : badmood have reason

Sent. 44 : if you want to leave me, let me alone.

Conversation 20 :

Sent. 1 : that's my suggestion

Sent. 5 : only for two hundred? three hundred? or..

Sent. 11 : let me see.

Sent. 29 : Siti wins 10 millions

Sent. 30 : billions.

Sent. 31 : from the promotor.

Sent . 32 : billion. in English, billion.

Sent. 34 : billion, bil..lion.

Sent. 35 : have you seen the promotor last night on Trans Tv?

Sent. 39 : mi? how about bi?

Conversation 21 :

Sent. 4 : are you sure?

Sent. 16 : emang sih, tapi aku lebih choose ini gitu kan, i prefer this. cuma

kadang kan berpikir, ih.. cuma pas lagi ga ada uang.

Conversation 22 :

Sent. 6 : so what?

Sent. 20 : hey, wait.

Sent. 77 : versus

Those are the intersentensial switching type. From the pattern, we can conclude that

the speakers switch their language mostly when they are take turns.

b. Intra-Sentensial Switching

This type of code switching occurs within a clause or sentence boundary. There are 11

sentences belong to this type, they are :

Conversation 2 :

Sent. 28 : Just the TKP...

Conversation 7 :

Sent. 17 : ini when you're gone woi..

Sent. 19 : when you're gone ini, tapi versi...

Conversation 11 :

Sent. 1 : wei, ayolah ngumpul di kelas. disuruh mam itu bikin the advantages of

using Facebook, terus didiskusikan. kok ga kau bilang Jal?

Conversation 12 :

Sent. 11 : udah..nah, speakernya bule loh.. gini gini.. speakernya native, segala

macem. Itu kan bagus.. ohh.. speakernya native nih, gitu.. orang kan pasti

tertarik.

Conversation 14 :

Sent. 69 : ish, kakak ini, you are so dirty.

Conversation 15 :

Sent. 31 : kemaren aku log in pake handphone Reza ya kan, terus karena

connection error aku tinggal gitu aja, belum aku log out. mungkin pas

connectionnya balik lagi, tah diapa-apain statusnya.

Sent. 39 : iya, aku gini.. The Ais comment on your status. ku baca lah status nya,

pilih yang banyak bulu nya. apa sih? aku mikir nya gini, tah apa si bodo ini

comment kayak gini. baru ku tengok ke atas, ih.. pilih om Bambang atau om

Burhan? kapan aku bikin status gini?

Conversation 20 :

Sent. 7 : Yamaha present Rolling Stone Live Music on Campus. what campus?

USU?

Conversation 21 :

Sent. 11 : aku bisa jalan-jalan ke Mall, tapi ga keluarin apa-apa. cuman window

shopping, terus cuma makan. udah, that's all.

IV.1.1 Explanation of the Frequency of the Occurrence of the Types of Code Switching

in the Conversations Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009

Batch.

As we seen in Table IV.1, the frequency of occurance the types of code switching in

the conversations between the student of English Literature Department 2009 batch is

different one another. From the four types, only two types occurs in these conversations,

intersentensial switching and intra-sentensial switching. While tag-switching and intra-word

switching is not found. The highest frequency found is intersentensial switching.

Intersentensial switching is a change of language occurs at a clause or sentence boundary,

where each clause or sentence is in one language or the other, it also occur as speakers take

turns. Most of the speakers or the samples usually switch their language in a sentence form

when they are speak or when they are comment on another speaker sentences (statement or

question). Intra-sentensial switching becomes the second highest frequency in the

conversations. Intra-sentensial switching occurs within a clause or sentence boundary. All of

the speakers or the samples switch their language to give a statement or to clarify their

statements.

It may because there are some English words that are familiar to the speakers or the

samples so that they can easily use them in their dialogues (within the sentence) or use them

between sentences.

IV.2 The Forms of Code Mixing Using by 2009 Batch in Daily Social Activities

In chapter II, the writer writes that Suwito divided the forms of code mixing into 5,

they are :

a. Word insertion : The insertion of words here means inserting words from another

language into a dominant language that used in a conversation.

b. Phrase insertion : Phrase insertion here a sequence of words, which used to refer to a

sequence of words functioning as a single unit.

c. Idiom or expression insertion : it means inserting an idiom.

d. Hybrid insersation : hybrid is the combination between native and foreign form. Such

as, combine the prefix from one language with a word from another language.

e. Reduplication insertion : Reduplication is a repetition of word.

Table IV.2 Frequency of Occurrence of Forms of Code Mixing in the Conversations

Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009 Batch.

No. Forms of Code Mixing Frequency Percentages

1. Word Insertion 98 55.7 %

2. Hybrid Insertion 48 27,3 %

3. Phrase Insertion 27 15,3 %

4. Reduplication Insertion 3 1,7 %

5. Idiom or Expression Insertion 0 0 %

TOTAL 176 100 %

From the table above, word insertion is the most form that speakers use in their daily

conversation. This form occurs 98 times (56,6 %). The second place is hybrid insertion

occurs 45 times (26 %). Phrase insertion occurs 27 times (15,6 %), reduplication insertion

with 3 times (1,8 %). The last is idiom or expression insertion with 0 times (0 %).

The writer will show the forms of code mixing one by one within the sentence and the

insertion are printed in boldface.

Conversation 1

6. Iya nanti pas uda sore baru kita happy birthday (a) .. jadi dia kayak dia kayak

10. His life his life. jadi kita we try to make aaa…. Little play laa.. jadi kita lagi nyusun, ikutin aja apa yang bakal kita buat savrijal, jadi savrijal happy birthday (b) ..

(a) phrase insertion.(b) phrase insertion.

Conversation 2

5. Supaya badmood, badmood (a)..

6. Supaya badmood (b).. terus?

7. Iya, badmood (c).. pokoknya kita bikin hari ini kita bikin Ijal badmood (d) terus sampe sore ya..

23. In front of (e).. apa ya? bakso arema ya? arema bakso..

26. Bukan makan bakso arema... it's not mean that we are eating bakso arema... no (f)...

(a), (b), (c), (d) word insertion

(e) hybrid insertion

(i) phrase insertion

Conversation 3

1. Eh, kalo ada card reader (a) didalam nya ada file (b), ga bisa ya diprint (c)?2. Ooo... kalo yang gitu ya ga bisa la pula di apa.. dicopy (d)..

(a) phrase insertion (b) Word insertion(c) Hybrid insertion(d) Hybrid insertion

Conversation 4

3. Jerawat aku, eh ini bisul aku.. aaaa... ga mau.. no way! (a)

5. Diedit (b) aja nanti.. di ini.. difacial (c)...

59. Shinta-san.. shinta-san.. everybody (d)..

(a) phrase insertion(b) Hybrid insertion(c) Hybrid insertion(d) Word insertion

Conversation 5

14. Kaki kalian pun ga skill (a) wei..

16. Kaki kalian ga skill (b).. haha

38. Ahh.. thank you (c)..

43. Mau dimasukin ke YouTube (d)..!

46. Oh my God (e)..

52. My name is (f) Aprina br Tarigan..

55. Oh iya, i want to tell you that.. what is that? ehm.. hari ini aku lagi mood (g) dan terus... aaa.... uda kakak...

(a) Word insertion(b) Word insertion(c) phrase insertion(d) Word insertion(e) phrase insertion(f) Phrase insertion(g) Word insertion

Conversation 6

1. Mr . Mario? (a)

4. Ga tau.. Mr. Rudi (b) yang nyuruh..

5. Cemana nya Mr.Rudi (c) yang nyuruh lagi...

17. Tapi Mr.Rudi (d) uda bilang sama dia duluan kan?

(a) (b) (c) (d) word insertion

Conversation 7

18. wei,, kalian pasang lagu berapa biji? mana handphone (a) ku?

33. jatuh handphone (b) ku.. jadinya serak..

(a) (b) word insertion

Conversation 8

1. eh, kemaren udah diupload (a) yang itu?

36. enggak, aku ini hanya sebagai second option (b).. jadi kalo tiba-tiba kalian lagi dihutan, eh ngubungin siapa ini sms..

(a) hybrid insertion

(b) phrase insertion

Conversation 9

2. mau ada janji sama Mr.Mario. (a)

9. Mr. Mario... (b)

24. mr.rudi bilang, aku uda bilang kan sama orang ini, udahlah di sun aja, aku ga ngerti ke Yuki itu. datang Mr.Rudi (c) bilang, jangan ganti tempatnya. kalo dia uda bilang disitu, disitu aja..

25. karena itu undangan Mr.Rudi.. (d)

37. iya..37.di Yuki kan ada mcD.. (e)

39. bawa aja mcD.. (f)

49. do your best ya.. (g)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Word insertion(h) Phrase insertion

Conversation 10

26. ga ada cyber sastra (a) disini ya?

37. Mo, orang lihat status (b) ku.. si Omi yang enggak.. Mi, yang kau tanya ke Mr. Mario (c) kemaren..

41. mana the best place (d)?

48. dia bilang place (e)..

51. nah itu.. terus kata nya, dimana kau sekarang? kata nya gitu.. di Indonesia. dimana kau sekarang, itulah yang terbaik.. langsung lah status (f) awak ya kan...

(a) Phrase insertion

(b) Word insertion (c) Word insertion(d) Pharse insertion(e) Word insertion(f) Word insertion

Conversation 11

1. wei, ayolah ngumpul di kelas. disuruh mam (a) itu bikin the advantages of using Facebook, terus didiskusikan. kok ga kau bilang Jal?

(a) Word insertion

Conversation 12

3. SMA-SMA yang berbeda kan? pergi ke SMA-SMA nya itu.. ke SMA-SMA ga perlu bawa proposal (a), bawa brosur aja..

10. aah.. atau 10 orang discount (b) sekian persen, kayak gitu-gitu. Nanti kan orang tertarik tuh, nanti kalian bilang nanti ada ini ini nya.. ada.. ada.. doorprizenya (c), ada snacknya (d), ada sertifikatnya, trus speakernya (f) bule loh.. atau speakernya.. speakernya (g) udah deal (h) bule?

11. udah..nah, speakernya (i) bule loh.. gini gini.. speakernya native, segala macem. Itu kan bagus.. ohh.. speakernya native nih, gitu.. orang kan pasti tertarik.

(a) Word insertion(b) Word insertion(c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Hybrid insertion(h) Word insertion(i) Hybrid insertion

Conversation 13

1. orang itu tu.. strikernya (a) pun..

(a) Hybrid insertion

Conversation 14

20. cepat.. habis minum ku nanti. wei.. kek mana main Twitter (a)? hehe. aku punya Twitter (b), tapi ga pernah aku buka. miko_runa@yahoo.co.id (miko underscore runa at yahoo dot co dot id)..

27. enak main Twitter (c)..

28. enak?

29. follow lah, follow lah (d), kalo gitu..

30. follow (e) balik ya?

31. iya..

32. kayak mana Twitter (f)?

33. enak main nya.. lebih enak daripada Facebook (g).

41. kalo Facebook (h) udahlah, kayak hantu..

42. Facebook (i) tiap hari, tempat curhat..

43. baik Twitter (j), Titi Dj dibalasnya Twitter (k) aku..

47. aku hari itu yang balas Facebook (l) aku, Martin Alejandro Ricapierone. senang kali otak ku.haha, au!

51. iya.. I ever go to Bali katanya gitu.. 2 kali atau 3 kali hari itu wall (m) kami.. cakep dia loh..

54. bisa aja itu fansnya (n)..

58. ku bikin aja, Martin Alejandro Ricapieroni. rupanya Martin Rica yang keluar, kutengok mirip dia, ya udah ku add (o)..

(a) (b) (c)(d) (e) (f) Word insertion(g) (h) (i)(j) (k) (l)(m) Word insertion (n) Hybrid insertion(o) Word insertion

Conversation 15

24. tapi tapi, executive (a) kak.. haha

29. pokoknya ada diedit-edit (b) dia status (c) di Facebook (d) ku..

31. kemaren aku log in (e) pake handphone (f) Reza ya kan, terus karena connection error aku tinggal gitu aja, belum aku log out (g). mungkin pas connectionnya (h) balik lagi, tah diapa-apain statusnya. (i)

37. iya, statusnya (j) masa gini dibikin nya? pilih om Bambang atau om Burhan? masa kek gitu? datang kawan ku comment (k), kawan SD ku, uda.. pilih yang banyak bulu nya, katanya. aku yang Astagfirullahalazdim..

39. iya, aku gini.. The Ais comment on your status. ku baca lah statusnya (l), pilih yang banyak bulu nya. apa sih? aku mikir nya gini, tah apa si bodo ini comment (m) kayak

gini. baru ku tengok ke atas, ih.. pilih om Bambang atau om Burhan? kapan aku bikin status (n) gini?

48. ada baca ya? emosi kali. masalah nya udah sekali dihack (o), udahlah. ini dikerjain lagi. kan emosi..

49. siapa yang ngehack (p) kemaren?

50. ga tau siapa yang ngehack (q), pokoknya fans (r) itu.

52. yang kemaren itu belum tau tah siapa yang menghack (s) itu

53. tapi ga mesti loh, kalo dihack (t) orang ternyata ga mesti gara-gara lupa dilogout (u).

54. iya, kadang dia bisa aja gitu kek mana gitu kan? makanya kadang kalo kita itu di internet, historynya (v) itu didelete (w) aja.

56. iya, makanya mendingan delete (x) aja gitu. nama nya juga hacker (y)..

58. yang iya nya gini, ga usah pake punya Facebook (z). ga akan di hack-hack (aa).

59. yaudah, punya Twitter (bb) aja, punya Twitter (cc) dong..

61. Twitter (dd) nunggu waktu dihack (ee).

63. susah makenya Twitter (ff)..

69. acem? aku punya Twitter (gg), cuma 2 kali lah, 2 kali update status (hh).

71. aku punya Twitter (ii) , 2 kali ku buka, dua kali update status (jj). udah, enough (kk).

76. banyak status (ll) di twitter (mm) ketimbang status (nn) di facebook (oo) ku, rasaku.

77. follow-follow (pp) aja.

81. aku apa ya password (qq) ku?

83. aku aja kalo ga salah, emailnya (rr) pake email (ss) yang pas di Facebook (tt) yang dihack (uu) itu.

89. kalian kenapa ga bisa karaokean (vv)?

98. si Ijal? kan tadi aku kasih free pass nya, terus katanya kenapa ga karaokean (ww)? orang ini ga bisa semua, kata si Bayu.

99. kau mau kemana rupanya Jal? kenapa ga bisa karaokean (xx)?

106. udah 3D, ga ada teks nya, British (yy) pula..

112. British (zz) pula itu.

(a) (c) (d) (f) (k) (m) (n)

(r) (x) (y) (z) (bb) Word insertion

(cc) (dd) (ff) (gg)

(ii) (kk) (ll) (mm) (nn) (oo)

(qq) (ss) (tt) (yy) (zz)

(b) (h) (i)

(j) (l) (o) (p) (q) (s) (t) (u) Hybrid insertion

(v) (w) (aa) (rr) (uu) (vv)

(ww) (xx)

(e) (g) (hh) (jj) Phrase Insertion

(aa) (pp) Reduplication insertion

Conversation 16

23. Jal, kau download (a) dulu apa Jal.. ehm..

(a) Word insertion

Conversation 17

11. si Ade tah kenapa lah, ditanya any problem (a), no (b) katanya.

41. belum ku tag (c), masih di album ku..

71. lantam mode on (d).

72. lantam mode on (e) ini.

(a) Phrase insertion(b) Word insertion(c) Word insertion(d) Phrase insertion(e) Phrase insertion

Conversation 18

4. mau, mau lah copynya. (a)

5. kau Bay, ga mau copy (b)?

(a) Hybrid insertion(b) Word insertion

Conversation 19

13. shock (a) la ya..

31. tau kau Petra? setengah mati aku nyarikan lagu ini. di 4shared (b) ga ada, di Google (c) setengah mati ya kan? terakhir, pas ku bikin status (d) ku itu, kan dicomment (e) bang Gie. "acem lagu nya sayang" katanya gitu kan. "keren bang, tapi ga tau download (f) dari mana, ga dapat-dapat, capek aku nyari nya" ku bilang kan. katanya dia ga download (g), dia punya CD nya.

35. ga tau aku, aku dari Google (h) sampe setengah mati nyari nya.

40. doakan dan hadirilah! haha. ini ada Rock and Roll Roadshow. tanggal 14, di Gema. bintang tamu nya Glenn Fredly sama Endah N Ressa. biaya nya 10 ribu doang, dapet snack (i), dapet sertifikat, dapet majalah. mau ga?

58. ga makan siang? cuma snack (j) doang ya?

59. itu ga makan siang, karena jam 1 mulai nya. pasti snack (k) aja itu.

61. itu snake (l).

95. jadi nanti kita tinggal nengok dari sini aja, open book (m)?

148. CareFour, CareFour (n).

(a) Word insertion(b) Word insertion(c) Word insertion(d) Word insertion (e) Hybrid insertion(f) (g) (h) (i)(j) (k) (l) Word insertion(m) Phrase insertion(n) Word insertion

Conversation 20

2. ya.. for what? (a)

16. eh Pe, semalam yang kau kirim comment (b) bahasa Jerman itu apa?

21. where we bring our relation? itu English Version (c). ya kan? kalo versi Indonesia nya, mau dibawa kemana hubungan kita.. Englishnya (d), where we bring our relation?

26. ih.. so sweet (e)..

33. million (f) longor..

50. alah, sakit hati kan kau Mi, mentang-mentang kau dicut (g). Hiihi

51. mentang-mentang kau dicrop (h).

52. dicut (i)..

53. dicrop (j) itu. Dicut (k)..

54. kenapa? foto nya dicrop (l)? di potong?

55. diedit (m)..

56. aku yang mengcrop (n) dia..

58. dicut (o)..

61. oh.. ya, ya. Ijal kemaren kek gitu, sama si Rini dia. di potong dia, dicrop (p). terakhir di ejek, tah apa gitu..

(a) Phrase insertion(b) Word insertion(c) Phrase insertion(d) Hybrid insertion(e) Phrase insertion(f) Word insertion(g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Hybrid insertion

Conversation 21

1. sometimes (a), berpikiran gini ya. ih, aku pengen jadi tipikal orang yang ga perduli ama penampilan. maksudnya, apa ya, penampilan bukan suatu keperluan kita dalam hidup. ya kan?

11. aku bisa jalan-jalan ke Mall, tapi ga keluarin apa-apa. cuman window shopping (b), terus cuma makan. udah, that's all.

15. ya sih memang, tapi apa ya.. kayak nya aku lebih nyaman yang kayak ginin lah. dengan kita mesti keluarin uang untuk beli perfume (c)..

16. emang sih, tapi aku lebih choose (d) ini gitu kan. i prefer this. cuma kadang kan berpikir, ih.. cuma pas lagi ga ada uang.

(a) Word insertion(b) Phrase insertion(c) Word insertion(d) Word insertion

Conversation 22

37. karena marah kan, rain lah. (a)

44. ga tau apa yang terjadi. dia ngapain aku, sebelumnya. before time (b).

50. eh, kek mana aku mau belain kau? kau nya yang kayak gitu. tadi kau bilang i know, i know. (c)

55. capek-capek download (d), rupanya versi livenya (e).

72. iya, jadi kayak yang Playboy (f) itu. atau yang Jepang kan sering gitu kan?

78. Arsenal. 20 ribu. no point (g) ya.

94. ya, kita kan ga maen aggregate (h). main aggregate? ayok, ga papa.

124. kenapa? Aggregatenya (i) jadi sama.. menang itu MU?

125. harus cetak goal away (j).

131. aggregate (k) itu apa?

137. oh, itu yang nama nya aggregate (l)?

(a) Hybrid insertion(b) Phrase insertion(c) Reduplication insertion(d) Word insertion(e) Hybrid insertion(f) Word insertion(g) Phrase insertion (h) Word insertion(i) Hybrid insertion(j) Phrase insertion (k) Word insertion (l) Word insertion

IV.2 1 Explanation of the Frequency of the Occurrence of the Forms of Code Mixing in

the Conversations Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009 Batch.

First, the writer wants to explain why she only focus on the forms not the type like in

code switching section. From the scope of this research, the writer focus on code switching

and code mixing between Bahasa Indonesia and English. So, it is clear that the type of code

mixing that occurs in the conversations is outercode mixing because Suwito (1983) in Umar

and Napitupulu (1994 : 14) divided code mixing into two : innercode mixing and outercode

mixing. Innercode mixing is sourced from the native language with all its variations (formal,

standard, informal or non-standard). While outercode mixing is sourced from foreign

language. Code mixing usually occurs unintentionally, it becomes usual for people use it in

their speech. It may because there are a lot of words of foreign language, such as English, that

are well-known so they can use it easily. It is the reason why word insertion becomes the

highest frequency of forms of code mixing. The second place is Hybrid insertion. It may

because when the speakers or the samples mix their language with English, they are still

influenced by the structure of bahasa Indonesia, that is, the use of affixes such as se-, -nya, -

mu, etc. Besides, they feel more comfortable using those kinds of affixes rather than using the

original structure of English. Phrase insertion becomes the third place, it may because there

are just a few phrases in English that familiar for Indonesian speakers or perhaps they do not

know which phrases is. The fourth form is reduplication insertion, this type is less frequently

used may because it is heard displeasing by the listener and the speaker as well. The last one

is idiom or expression insertion. this insertion have no number because, there is no idiom that

used by the samples. It may happen because the samples do not know which idiom in English

is and English idiom is not familiar to them.

IV.3 Reasons Why 2009 Batch Use Code Switching And Code Mixing in Their Daily

Social Activities.

After discussing the type of code switching and the forms of code mixing, the writer

now will discuss about the probable reasons why the speakers or the samples mix or switch

their language.

Bathia and Ritchie proposed four reasons why people mix or switch their language, they

are : participants roles and relationship, situasional factors, message-intrinsic factors and

language attitudes, dominance and security. In this research, the writer ignore participants roles

and relationship reason. In this population area, participant is not influence the speaker to mix or

switch their language because all the population and the samples are English Literature

Department students who speak English fluently or at least know about English. It is shown in

some conversations, there is a time when speaker A speaks in English and speaker B reply the

statement or the question in Bahasa Indonesia, for example in conversation 20 line 5-8.

Situational factors also ignored by the writer because setting, class, religion, gender and

age in this observation is not influence the samples about their language choice. Language

attitude, dominance and security is psychological factor that also ignored by the writer. In this

population, another language is accepted to involve in a conversation so the speakers or the

samples can mix or switch their language freely. When the writer do the observation, there is no

situation that makes the samples feel not secure then they mix or switch their language. As the

writer write above, that the samples are the students of English Literature Department who fluent

enough in English, so they can mix or switch their language and accept it well.

So, the writer only focus on message-instrinsic factor.

Table IV.3 The Frequency of the Occurrence of the Reasons of Code Mixing and Code

Switching in the Conversations Between the Students of English Literature Department

2009 Batch.

No. Reasons of Code Mixing and

Code Switching

Frequency Percentages

1. Participants Roles and Relationship 0 0 %

2. Situasional Factors (setting, topic, class,

gender, religiom, age)

0 0 %

3. Message-Intrinsic Factors

Idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom.

Topic-Comment / Relative Clauses

Reiteration

Quotations

Hedging

Interjections

112

49

28

4

1

0

57,7 %

25, 3 %

14,4 %

2,1 %

0,5 %

0 %

4.Language Attitudes, Dominance, Security. 0 0 %

TOTAL 194 100 %

There are 194 reasons why the speakers or the samples mix or switch their language

that divided into 6 parts. Although there are only 187 sentences that including code mixing

and code switching in in. idiom and deep-rooted cultular wisdom is the highest frequency that

the speakers or the samples use in their conversations that occur 112 times ( 57,7 %) but most

of them are common words that familiar to the speakers. The second place is topic-comment /

relative clauses that occurs 49 times ( 25,3 %), it is because sometimes the speakers comment

or continue other speakers speech by mix or switch their language. Reiteration is in the third

place that occurs 28 times ( 14,4 %), it is because sometimes the speakers or the samples

repeat their sentences by mix or switch the language to clarify it, or sometimes they repeat

other’s sentences. Quotations means that the speakers or the samples use a word or a sentence

that this forms is the real word or sentence from other speaker. It occurs 4 times (2,1 %).

Hedging occurs 1 time (0,5 %) while interjections get nothing in the observation.

a. Idiom and Deep-Rooted Cultural Wisdom

Most of the code switching and code mixing that occur in these conversations are the

familiar words using by the speakers or the samples in their community group. For examples:

conversation 1, line 6 : “iya nanti pas uda sore baru kita happy birthday (a) .. jadi dia

kayak dia kayak”

In this example, the speaker try to explain his friends about their plan to make a

surprise party for their birthday friend. The pharse happy birthday is a familiar one to

Indonesian speakers. This has been frequently used by people rather than ’selamat ulang

tahun’. So, when the speaker mix his language, the listeners are understand about it well.

Conversation 2, line 5 : “supaya badmood, badmood..”

In this example, the speaker explaining the detail of their plan to their birthday friend.

They want to make their friend feels upset and sad. He uses the word ‘badmood’ rather than

‘perasaan yang buruk’ to express what will happen to their birthday friend. This ‘badmood’

word is a very common word in youth community to use that refer to their upset, sad, or

bored feeling.

b. Topic-Comment / Relative Clauses

When a speaker knows that someone can speaks a language fluently, sometimes they

will talk to them in that language. It occurs to continue the utterance of the previous speaker.

The listener can comment on it by using the same language or not. The other situation is

when a speaker speaks in Bahasa Indonesia, it could be that the listener will responds it in

English or the way aroumd. For examples :

conversation 5, line 51-52 : “mbak mbak, namanya siapa mbak?

“my name is Aprina br Tarigan”

In this example, the first speaker asks the second speaker about her name although,

the first speaker has know it, but it shows clearly that the first speaker asks her in Bahasa

Indonesia, but the second speaker answers it in English. it is because the second speaker

knows that the first speaker is fluently enough in English yet her sentence is a simple

sentence.

Conversation 17, line 11-13 : “ si Ade ini tah kenapa lah, ditanya any problem, no

katanya.”

“badmood, badmood”

“badmood have reason”.

In this example, the first speaker wonder why her friend being so queer today. She is

so quite and looks angry. She asks her through a statement “ditanya any problem, no

katanya”. Then the other speaker comments on it “badmood,badmood”. And the speaker

comments with “badmood have reason”. This examples is clearly a topic-comment because

they are comment on other speaker sentence by the same language.

c. Reiteration

When a bilingual wants to clarify his/her speech so that it will be understood more by

the listener, he/she can sometimes use both of the languages that he masters saying the same

utterance (the utterance is said repeatedly). This case also happens in the conversation, for

examples :

conversation 14, line 69-70 : a : “ish, kakak ini, you are so dirty”

b : “you are so foul”

In this example, there are two speakers. They are protest for what a girl that they called

‘kakak’ do. The first speaker says that she is so dirty and the second speaker repeat what the first

speaker means by using other word ‘foul’. It has the same meaning with dirty, so the second

speaker says that to clarify their dislikeness.

Conversation 2, line 26 : “bukan makan bakso Arema.. it is not mean that we are eating bakso

Arema. No….”

This example shows that the speaker try to clarify his speech by using a word ‘no’ to

change the utterance ‘it is not mean’. Although it is a different form and contain, but it has a same

meaning.

d. Quotations

Quotations usually make a bilingual mix or switch their language. Because we can not

change the form and the contain of the quotations. In these conversations, there are some

quotations. For example :

conversation 17, line 44 : “if you want to leave me, let me alone”

this sentence is actually someone’s sentence. The speaker says that to insinuate her friend.

Because, after that one of the sample says “kena.. siapa dulu yang ngomong gitu?”.

e. Hedging

In some cases, people can also find that code mixing and switching can also soften a

speech. For Indonesian people, mixing and switching bahasa Indonesia into English can also

soften a request because English is not their native tongue so it does not sound as direct as

bahasa Indonesia. The only example in this research is :

conversation 8, line 20 : “ kayaknya ini uang haram kan, aku ga mungkin berkecimpung di

dunia ini terus. Udah saatnya, hey you have to stop, gitu kan. Kira-

kira apa yang bisa dijual..”

In this example, the speaker explains why he sells mobile phone account to his

friends. The sentence “kayaknya ini uang haram” is just a joke. That is why he uses the

sentence “hey you have to stop” to soften his speech because in Bahasa Indonesia, ‘have to’

means ‘harus’ that sounds very strong and people can think that what he says is true. In

English, have to is more soft that must that means ‘harus’ in Bahasa Indonesia as well.

f. Interjections

Language switching and language mixing among bilingual or multilingual people can

sometimes mark an interjection or sentence connector. It may happen unintentionally or

intentionally. Yet, there is no data from the novel which contains this kind of reason. So,

there will be no more explanation about this reason.

Table IV.4 The Occurrence of the Reasons of Code Mixing and Code Switching in the

Conversations Between the Students of English Literature Department 2009 Batch.

Conversation Line Reason2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

6891012

5, 6, 7, 131415, 16, 171920, 2326, 28

1, 2

356585962

14, 16373842434652,55

1, 4, 5, 17

17, 1918, 33

14

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomReiterationTopic-comment / relative clausesReiterationIdioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom

Idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / relative clausesReiterationTopic-comment / relative clausesReiterationReiteration

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related with computer)

ReiterationIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomReiterartionTopic-comment / relative clausesReiterationTopic-comment / relative clauses

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / relative clausesIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / relative clausesIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a website)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / relative clauses

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (Mr.Mario is an expatriate, that is why the speakers called him as MR.)

QuotationsIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to website)Quotations

2 Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom that contain “related to..” means the word is a common word or term that used by the speakers or the samples often enough.

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

2036239, 24, 2537, 394950

26, 3740, 41, 474851

1 – a1 - b

3, 10, 11

1

20, 27, 3233, 41, 4243, 4729, 3051 – a 51- b

545862, 67, 697072

1, 242529 –a29-b31, 37, 39

48, 4950, 5253-a53-b54, 5658 –a58-b59

HedgingReiterationIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / relative clausesIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a place)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / relative clauses

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomTopic-comment / realative clausesReiterationIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook)

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (mam)Topic-comment / relative clauses (the advantages of using Facebook)

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to football)

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of social networking) Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Twitter)Topic-comment / relative clauses (I ever go to Bali)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (wall : related to Facebook)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook)Topic-comment / relative clausesReiterationTopic-comment / relative clauses

Topic-comment / relative clausesReiterationTopic-comment / relative clausesIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Internet and Facebook) Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a social networking)

16

17

18

19

61-a

61-b63

69-a

69-b71-a

71-b71-c76

77, 8081, 8389, 98106109, 112113,114,116

4161823

5, 1112

13414471, 72

4,5

1331-a

31-b

31-c

3540, 5859, 60

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a social networking)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a social networking)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a social networking)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Twitter)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a social networking)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to twitter)ReiterationIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to social networking)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Twitter)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomReiterationTopic-comment / relative clauses

Topic-comment / relative clausesIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomReiterationsIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom

Topic-comment / relative clausesTopic-comment / relative clauses + Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom3

Topic-comment / relative clausesIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook)QuotationsIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (mode on is a popular word lately in youth community refer to what they feel or do now)

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom

Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdomIdiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a website ; 4sharted and Google)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to Facebook ; status, dicomment)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (related to internet ; download)Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom (name of a website) Idiom and deep-rooted cultural wisdom Topic-comment / relative clause

3 This line has two reasons, topic-comment because the speaker comment on previous speaker sentence and badmood is a common word to use in their community.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

V.1 Conclusion

After do a research and analyze it, the writer gets some conclusions about this

research. Through this thesis, the writer finds that nowadays code switching and code mixing

is normal. The conversations between the speakers or the samples are the reflection of the

way people speak now. This research has three questions that are elaborated into three

research problems, they are, the types of code switching use by the speakers or the samples,

the forms of code mixing use by the speakers or the samples, and the reasons why the

speakers or the samples do it. Therefore, the following conclusions are based on the three

research problems.

a. Types of Code Switching

As the writer writes in chapter II, there are four types of code switching. In this

research there are only two types can be found, intersentensial switching and intra-sentensial

switching. Most of the speakers or the samples use intersentensial switching. It is because

most of them switch their language in a sentence form when they are speak or when they are

comment on another speakers sentence (question or statement). For example in conversation

4 sentence 58 ; “you should introduce yourself in Korea”. While inter-sentence switching

occurs when the speakers or the samples give an additional statement in their sentence or

clarify their statement. For example in conversation 2 sentence 28 ; “Just the TKP”

The intersentensial switching occurs 58 times and inter-sentential switching occurs 12

times.

b. Forms of Code Mixing

There are five forms of code switching as proposed by Suwito (1985), they are : word

insertion, idiom or expression insertion, phrase insertion, hybrid insertion and reduplication

insertion. In the analysis, the writer finds that all the forms are exist in the data, except idiom

insertion. The highest one is word insertion, it is because nowadays there are many English

word that familiar to Indonesian speakers so they can use it easily. For example in

conversation 14 sentence 30; “follow balik ya?” This insertion occurs 98 times. The second

place is hybrid insertion, it occurs because of when the speakers or the samples mix or switch

their language, they still influenced by the structure of Bahasa Indonesia. For example in

conversation 8 sentence 1; “eh, kemaren udah diupload yang itu?” It occurs 48 times. Phrase

insertion occurs 27 times in the conversations between the speakers or the samples. For

example in conversation 9 sentence 49; “do your best ya..” . Reduplication insertion occurs 3

times, for example in conversation 15 sentence 77; “follow-follow aja”

a. The Reasons For Code Switching and Code Mixing

In chapter II, the writer write four reasons why bilinguals switch or mix their

language, but the writer only focus on the third reason, message-intrinsic factors. Message-

intrinsic factors divided into six parts; quotations, reiteration, topic-comment/relative clauses,

hedging, interjections and idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom. From this six factors,

idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom get the highest rank with 112 times. It is because of

the speakers or the samples usually mix or switch their language with a familiar words or

phrases or terms from a particular field. Followed by topic-comment / relative clauses

because they sometimes comment the previous speaker’s speech in the same way, it occurs

49t times. Then reiteration to clarify their speech occurs 28 times, quotations occurs 4 times,

and hedging is the lowest one with 1 times. On the other hands, interjections get no point

because none of the speakers or the samples mix or switch their language only with sentence

fillers or sentence connectors.

V.2 Suggestion

The globalization era also influence people to mix or switch their language since most

of code that they use is terms from a particular field that popular lately such as social

networking. So it will stand up-to-date from time to time. The writer hopes that other

sociolinguistics students can find other area to do a research about this field. There are so

many aspects that we can observe about language and something that is inside it.

I realize that my thesis is not perfect especially about sociolinguistics theories. The

write hopes, this research can influence another researcher to do a research with other

theories, another subject, and with a deeper analysis. Finally, the writer wishes that this thesis

can be worth reading and useful for anyone who concern in this field.

APPENDIX

Conversation 1

Time : 24th February 2010 11.30

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : most of them are male, only one female

1. Nanti pas sore nya kita beli kue tart kecil-kecil gitu aja, baru dah mau selesai dah pulang dia kan..

2. Uda kalau enggak beli aja sekarang..3. Iya makanya sekarang masalahnya..4. Orang ini yang beli… nti dia..5. Ohh kalo ga pas sore nya6. Iya nanti pas uda sore baru kita happy birthday.. jadi dia kayak dia kayak7. Oh.. kakak ini dokumentasinya, rekam kak rekam kak..8. Iya dia jadinya kok ulang tahun stress kali hari ini kan gitu.. hallo.. ini hari ini tanggal

25 ya tanggal 25? Bertepatan ulang tahunnya savrijal,anak 09, kita lagi rencanain nih.. so we try to make a plan to make this birthday yaa.. pokoknya give him a surprise, this.. best birthday in her life.

9. Her life?10. His life his life, jadi kita we try to make aaa…. Little play laa.. jadi kita lagi nyusun,

ikutin aja apa yang bakal kita buat savrijal, jadi savrijal happy birthday..11. Aha

12. Pokoknya kita hari ini mau buat kamu menderita, sedih, sumpah pokoknya mau mati aja. Tapi pokoknya ujungnya ini akan jadi ulang tahun terindah buat kamu.. we love you jal…

13. Ini ulang tahun yg keberapa ya bo?14. Ini ulang tahun yang ke 20 kali ya15. Tanggal berapa?16. 25.. oh 2417. Ulang tahunnya yang ke 4218. Ini dia temen-temen savrijal yang mau ngerjain dia juga19. Kak, aku mau marah ama ijal kak, masa dia pigi di hari ultahnya.. awas ya kau jal..20. Ini tas nya nya.. tas nya ijal..21. Ha ini, ijal melarikan diri ni, kayaknya dia tau kami ada indikasi mau ngerjan dia,

mau ngelemparin dia.. tapi kita akan buat sesuatu yang berbeda.22. Ini ini.. shin shin… ini mantan kekasihnya..23. Astagfirullahalazim…

Conversation 2

Time : 24th February 2010, 12.00

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : two males and one female

1. Apa ulang lagi?2. Jadi kita mau coba mancing gimana caranya Ijal itu dimakikan sama anak 05..3. Dimakikan?4. He eh.. di maki.. dimarah-marahin..5. Supaya badmood, badmood..6. Supaya badmood.. terus?7. Iya, badmood.. pokoknya kita bikin hari ini kita bikin Ijal badmood terus sampe sore

ya..8. Hmm,,, terus abis itu..9. Acaranya jam berapa?10. He... jam berapa?11. Puncaknya jam berapa kira-kira?12. Sore-sore gitu...13. Doorprizenya.. doorprizenya...14. According to me, at 5 p.m15. Five thirty..16. Five thirty...17. Five thirty p.m ya..18. Dimana? tempatnya? kira-kira? tkp nya dimana?

19. At the campus, certainly..20. In front of sasing...21. Yaa...22. Oohh....23. In front of.. apa ya? bakso arema ya? arema bakso..24. Ahh.. cetek kali.. masak makan bakso arema.. 25. Hahhaha....26. Bukan makan bakso Arema... it is not mean that we are eating bakso Arema... noo...27. Yailaahhh....28. Just the TKP... 29. TKP... hihihi30. Lebay.. leba i... hihih

Conversation 3

Time : 1st March 2010, 12.21

Location : Faculty of Letters’ yard

Participant : two males, two females

4. Eh, kalo ada card reader didalam nya ada file, ga bisa ya di print?5. Ooo... kalo yang gitu ya ga bisa la pula di apa.. di copy..6. Tapi biasanya bisa.. sebetulnya bisa..7. Iya iya ada yang bisa..8. Tapi kalo di apa bisa.. uda mati ini?9. Uda...

Conversation 4

Time : 2nd March 2010, 11.41

Location : In Front of Language Laboratorium, Faculty of Letters

Participant : most of them are females and three males

1. Kakak ini lah..2. Ya direkam mukanya, tapi nanti kan suaranya..

3. Jerawat aku, eh ini bisul aku.. aaaa... ga mau.. no way!4. Gak papa, mukanya aja..5. Diedit aja nanti.. di ini.. difacial...6. Facial facial...7. Ngomong aja terus..8. Ih, jangan kak.. malu kak, jangan lah kak.. 9. Mukanya ga direkam.. nah, mukanya ga direkam.. cuma diambil suaranya aja nanti..

uda ngomong aja terus.. kalian lagi ngomomgin symposium kan? o mak pas kali, cepet.. hallo..

10. Kami lagi ngomongin rektor baru..11. Ngomongin apa?12. Rektor baru..13. Rektor baru.. ih, kalian omongannya berat berat kali, kami aja ga tau rektor baru

siapa..14. Aku aja baru tau...15. Ha..16. Soalnya tadi kan ada ini, suara usu..17. Enggak.. aku baca koran...18. Sieee... esegede makboy..19. Cari lowongan kerja...20. Laris laris laris?21. Nih kalo yang ini, sadar kamera kak, sadar kamera.. ga bisa ngomong lagi.. saking

sadarnya ga ini lagi kan ya22. Eh Shita, semalam siapa nama cowok mu yang ngerjain itu?23. Banyak.. bang eja, eh ini bang harun, bang eja..24. Terus?25. Entah, pokoknya yang duduk semalam disitu lah..26. Ga tau pastinya ya?27. Hahahah.... (tertawa)28. Kakak stambuk berapa?29. 200630. Berarti tahun ini da mau tamat ya? 31. Hihi, iya..32. Kakak kok ga pernah PN sama kami? kan seru senior sama junior..33. Kan pernah kemaren, sebentar di kelas membaca, di kelas reading. tapi kan kakak

uda PKRS, jadi uda ga kuliah lagi,haha.34. Sastra inggris emang ga ada pkl nya kan? magang? jadi almamater menurut kakak

penting ga? 35. Jaketnya?36. Ha ah (iya)37. Hmm... enggak.38. Jadi kalo gitu kakak punya aja?39. Kakak punya?40. Punya.

41. Tapi ga dipake?42. Enggak. kalian uda dapet?43. Belum kak, lama kali..44. Belum..45. Iya emang agak lambreta sih..46. Katanya bayar..47. Ah, masa? kayaknya kami dulu gratis lah..48. Iya kak, bayar..49. Berapa? 50. 85..51. Kak, lagi aktif ya?52. Iya53. Kan terbuka itunya..54. Eh, annyong haseyo (bahasa korea)55. Annyong haseyo..56. Komapta (berbahasa korea)57. Komapta... ish.. kakak lebay lah..58. You should introduce yourself in Korea59. Shinta-san.. shinta-san.. everybody..60. (berbahasa korea)61. Satu lagi, ada tiga...62. Ehmm... i am forget..63. (berbahasa korea)64. Ehh... ada semut..!65. (seseorang masuk) eh, penuh lah itu kameranya..66. Haha67. Ehm, kami nanti rencananya mau menggila ama kajol, ama dewi.. kalo disty mau

bareng, nanti..68. Ha? kalian ga ajak-ajak aku...69. Ya, dikau kan ga tau dimana..70. Terus terus terus, mau ngapain?71. Rencananya sih mau (bergaya bernyanyi)72. Apa? karoke? koro-koro? ikutt....73. Makanya, jadi nanti abis kita listening, kumpul disana tuh... sana sana sana...

(menunjukkan arah), kumpul dikantin mam, kita rencananya karoke dimana gt, jam berapa sampe jam berapa..

74. Abang ini status selebritis, status selebritis..75. Hahahha...

Conversation 5

Time : 5th March 2010, 09.30

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : most of them are males, only one female

1. Ngantuk kali, aku sumpah is..2. Kau ga tidur, aku tidur jam 2..3. Kalian mau ke Glugur jam berapa?4. Jam berapa rif?5. Jam... 126. Maunya sekarang, biar aku bisa tidur..7. Haduh..8. Eits...9. Minta maaf dulu..10. Maaf ya kak..11. Geser dulu pohon ini...12. Apa apa adek bilang? geser dulu pohon ini?13. Ni gara-gara ini kak..14. Kaki kalian pun ga skill wei..15. Ini dalang nya..16. Kaki kalian ga skill.. haha17. Ini uda kena ni kan?18. Kenain Hadi, kaca, besar pula ya kan..19. Eh.. yok temani aku..20. Kemana?21. Temani aku ke toilet..22. Wei bi, kawanin la dia ke toilet bi.. kau bi.. kawani dia, pegangi dia..23. Tar kalo aku kepleset gimana kan ya? kan sakit kalau jatuh..24. Pegangi dia supaya ga jatuh..25. (berbisik)26. Es.. kau.. direkam ini.. kakak itu ngerekam..27. Hahahah28. Gak apa, nanti disensor..29. Nanti kata-katanya disensor..30. Minta maaf..31. Nanti kata-katanya disensor..32. Mohon maaf.. ini terpaksa saya lakukan karena saya jihad.. hahaha33. Kau uda anter absen keatas?34. Yaudah, ayoklah sekarang..35. Udah, udah aku antar..36. Kak, itu kak ada penampakan..37. Ha.. you're so beautiful..38. Ahh.. thank you.. 39. Minta dong kue bakul nya...

40. Haaa... ga mau... aku baru dikasi...41. Kakak ini ngapain sih? oh, ada acara fashion show..42. What are you.. oh no, wait wait... ehmm... okey, do you want to make what is that?

from... what do you want to do with this picture, i mean that with this video?.. 43. Mau dimasukin ke YouTube..!44. aaa.... 45. Kak, aku kak, aku kak,,46. Oh my God..47. Aku kak.. selamat pagi pemirsa semuanya, selamat datang di USU. hari ini ada

kejadian aneh sekali loh pemirsa, coba lihat kamera, kita disini ada pemandangan anak SD tersasar di USU.

48. aa.. a...49. Mari kita wawancara sebentar..50. aaa...51. Mbak mbak, namanya siapa mbak?52. My name is Aprina br Tarigan..53. Sol sepatu.. sol sepatu..54. Mbak Aprina ini kenapa pakaian nya SD tapi kesasar di USU mbak?55. Oh iya, i want to tell you that.. what is that? ehm.. hari ini aku lagi mood dan terus...

aaa.... uda kakak...56. Aprina....57. kue bakul....58. Uda kakak, ga mau kak,,,59. Enggak kok, tenang aja...

Conversation 6

Time : 5th March 2010, 10.25

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : all of them are females

1. Mr. mario?2. 085..3. Dia uda tau kalo kita mau nelpon dia? iya? dia uda tau kalo kita mau nelpon dia?4. Ga tau.. Mr.rudi yang nyuruh..5. Cemana nya Mr.rudi yang nyuruh lagi...6. Kan uda dibilangnya kian.. pertama..7. Aku mau lah nomornya.. 8. Untuk apamu?.. sms, lagi ngapain?9. Sore ini aku telepon?

10. 085..11. Kok mesti aku yang nelpon kan?12. Karena kau juga anak acara kan?13. Oh.. kurang ajar juga kau.. kau ketua acara ya Petra ya.. 14. 0858..15. Jadi cuma bilang... kalo..16. Kalo misalnya dia ada waktu, ketemu dulu... biar kita kasih tau temanya...17. Tapi Mr.rudi uda bilang sama dia duluan kan?18. Uda..19. Apanya, tanggal berapa pembahasan ini nya.. 20. Terus dia juga tau kalo... pembicaraan kita disadap.. hahha21. Terus dia juga tau kalo kita mau nelpon dia? pak rudi uda bilang?22. Uda tau la dia...23. Uda tau la.. namanya udah diundang ama pak rudi.. dia bilang iya, cuma kan harus

ditelpon dulu.. konfirmasi penjelasan lebih lanjut..

Conversation 7

Time : 8th March 2010, 10.15

Location : canteen area of faculty of letters

Participant : all of them are females

1. kalian bilang ada, mana ada..2. apa?3. Amplop4. siapa yang bilang ada disini? 5. hahaha...6. dikantin arab sana..7. waktu itu ada tukang jualan amplop disana..8. ayok ayok temani aku, temani lah aku..9. si omi itu, baik dia itu..10. ayok dek.. 11. terakhir keluar tandukku bang, tadi uda kukawanin kau pipis ya bang, masa aku lagi..12. ini ini, jual amplop.. dua ribu katanya..13. pande memang akal kau ya, dua ribu kau jual, di ikaido aja cuma lima ratus, ya kan

pe, di ikaido lima ratus amplop?14. mana tau aku..15. ah, nanti aku pulang ke sibolga, kubawain lah amplop, bapakku banyak kali yang

kayak gini.16. (orang menyanyi)

17. ini when you're gone woi..18. wei,, kalian pasang lagu berapa biji? mana handphone ku?19. when you're gone ini, tapi versi...20. berapa?21. Udahlah22. gratis? bagus..23. dua ribu..24. cih, cemana nya kau?25. (orang menyanyi)26. woi lagi direkan woi lagi direkam..27. hahha28. ah, kau mengalahkan laguku..29. aku juga nyari lah yang mengalahkan30. (orang menyanyi)31. ini lagu-lagu nya wei..32. heng gara-gara tadi ya?33. jatuh handphone ku.. jadinya serak..34. serak pula..35. suruh minum obat lah dia.. haha36. (lewat seseorang)37. jadi cuma lewat aja bang?38. iyalah..

Conversation 8

Time : 8th March 2010, 10.30

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : all of them are males

1. eh, kemaren udah diupload yang itu?2. Belum3. yahh.. padahal aku kan keren disitu4. all city, fireflash.. all city fireflash! yang betul la..5. emang bener6. emm.. yaudah7. yang lain mana?8. yang lain nya pulang9. hah? kalian ga ada pelajaran lagi?10. ada, jam kedua kosong11. oo.. nanti jam ketiga masuk lagi ya?

12. iya..13. eh, kami main jula-jula14. kau main jula-jula ga ajak-ajak aku..15. emm, tengok tuh.. kalo udah di sms..16. eh, kau sekarang jualan pulsa ya?17. iya.. daripada jual tubuh aku, dah ga mungkin lagi kan..18. dah tua gitu yee..19. emang laku? emang ada yang mau beli?20. kayaknya ini uang haram kan, aku ga mungkin berkecimpung didunia ini terus. Udah

saatnya, hey you have to stop, gitu kan. kira-kira apa yang bisa dijual..21. emang ada yang beli?22. ada..23. enam setengah boleh ngutang?24. maksudnya enam setengah boleh ngutang?25. 6500 bisa ngutang? beli pulsa goceng26. kurang lima ratus gitu?27. goceng berapa?28. tujuh ribu aja..29. mahal kali.. gila kau ya 7000 ya 5000..30. di sumber 6000..31. heh, mahal kali itu..32. ha? itu kan biaya 1000 ke sumber nya..33. ga ada ga ada.. deket rumahku juga ada kok jualnya 5000, 6000 kok.. mendingan aku

deket rumahku aja..34. ya kan makanya kan maksudnya tu gini ...35. yaudah, inti nya mau beli, beli.. ga, enggak..36. enggak, aku ini hanya sebagai second option.. jadi kalo tiba-tiba kalian lagi dihutan,

eh ngubungin siapa ini sms.. 37. eh, dihutan ga ada sinyal..38. ya misalnya gitu kan..39. hehhehehe....

Conversation 9

Time : 8th March 2010, 11.45

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : they are four. two of them are males, the rest are females.

1. kalian mau kemana Yov?2. mau ada janji sama Mr.Mario.

3. where?4. Yuki5. diajak makan siang lah..6. iya, tapi ga mungkin dia yang bayar kan?7. kami lah yang bayar, karena kita yang butuh kan?8. (datang seseorang)9. Mr. Mario...10. oh iya? Mario Teguh tadi kukira.. haha11. jadi kan untuk menemui dia, perlu menjamu minuman lah atau apalah.. jadi masa' dari

uang orang ini? jadi kayak mana tuh? Freddy..12. ketemuan dimana sih?13. Yuki..14. jangan nawarin sih..15. masa dia datang ga kasih minum atau apa..16. kan ga mungkin kami ketemu di Yuki, berdiri berdiri gitu..17. iya pasti duduk kan..18. di Yuki ada..19. Yuki Simpang Raya..20. naik apa ke sana?21. entah, ga tau.. tah 68..22. bagusan ketemu di Sun.23. dia yang bilang lo Fred..24. mr.rudi bilang, aku uda bilang kan sama orang ini, udahlah di sun aja, aku ga ngerti ke

Yuki itu. datang Mr.Rudi bilang, jangan ganti tempatnya. kalo dia uda bilang disitu, disitu aja..

25. karena itu undangan Mr.Rudi..26. iya..27. kalo enggak, aku pun maunya di Sun juga nya.. jauh kali ke Yuki, ga tau aku

jalannya..28. eh, yuki.. tau angkot berapa?29. ga tau, katanya 41..30. iya 41 emang... langsung ke Yuki..31. iya?32. iya emang? emang 41, Yuki yang arah sana kan?33. yuki simpang raya yang deket Mesjid Raya kan?34. iya..35. jadi di Yuki ada apa?36. aku ga tau sih..37. di Yuki kan ada mcD..38. bawa aja 50.. balik itu..39. bawa aja mcD.. 40. 50? 41. tapi minum aja lah..42. cukup itu?

43. untuk dia aja..44. beneran?45. kalo lebih paling nanti kami balikin.. hehe46. Dewi mana..47. Cim, kau bawa uang?48. aku belum dapat uang bulanan,,49. do your best ya..50. okay..51. si Dewi mana? udah pulang dia ya?52. biasanya masih di kantin dia sama Erna..53. udah, kalian minta aja, nanti aku telpon..54. yok Pet, minta yok..

Conversation 10

Time : 9th March 2010, 10.00

Location : canteen area of faculty of letters

Participant : all of them are females

1. dia bukan muka Jepang kan? dia campuran apa sebenarnya?2. siapa? Miyabi?3. iya.. Miyabi..4. miayam..5. nanti simposium kita undang Miyabi kan?6. kok ngundang Miyabi?7. ga nyambung kalian ku tengok, ah..8. kemaren kan Miyabi ada.. aku, hehe9. si Edo?10. he eh, iya kan..11. iihh..12. udahlah, telponin lah mi, dikerjain kau nanti..13. ga enak rasanya kan Mo? jadi ga usah kau suruh aku bolak-balik kantin..14. ga ada hubungan nya pun.. kasian kali,,15. geser-geser..16. eits eits..17. banyak kali yang memperebutkan aku ya..18. hueeekk..

19. tangan aku jorok deket-deket kalian..20. cie... abang baca koran dia..21. baca atau lihat gambar nya aja dia..22. Mo, yang Miyabi Mo..23. alah.. mentel.. mentel..24. Miyabi cari dirumah ku..25. itu Mo..26. ga ada cyber sastra disini ya?27. ada..28. ga tau..29. ga hidup..30. ke depan lah..31. keren celana nya kan?32. siapa?33. itu dia, abang itu..34. enggak.35. iya kan aja lah bah... 36. bah!37. Mo, orang lihat status ku.. si Omi yang enggak.. Mi, yang kau tanya ke Mr. Mario

kemaren..38. ha?39. mana itu sebenernya bahasa Inggris nya.. 40. what's the best place for you?41. mana the best place?42. iya lah.. iya kan?43. aku mana nanya itu..44. jadi apa yang kau tanya?45. itu aku yang nanya..46. oh kau yang nanya..47. what's the best experience in place?48. dia bilang place..49. tempat mana yang paling kau sukai itu?50. oh.. iya ya..51. nah itu.. terus kata nya, dimana kau sekarang? kata nya gitu.. di Indonesia. dimana

kau sekarang, itulah yang terbaik.. langsung lah status awak ya kan...

Conversation 11

Time : 9th March 2010, 10.30

Location : canteen area of faculty of letters

Participant : there were more than three person there, but only three was speak. Two

males and one female.

1. wei, ayolah ngumpul di kelas. disuruh mam itu bikin the advantages of using Facebook, terus didiskusikan. kok ga kau bilang Jal?

2. aku baru siap makan Bi, sabar la. wei, wei, ayo lah..3. jangan marah-marah lah..4. bukan marah-marah, tapi ini kan amanah..5. ciehh...6. yaudah, ayo ayo lah..

Conversation 12

Time : 10th March 2010, 11.45

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : three females.

1. gini deh, kalo misalnya cari sekolah, cari apa namanya.. peserta ke SMA-SMA, kalian semua dari SMA-SMA kan?

2. iya..3. SMA-SMA yang berbeda kan? pergi ke SMA-SMA nya itu.. ke SMA-SMA ga perlu

bawa proposal, bawa brosur aja.. makanya brosurnya harus segera diselesaikan.. bawa brosur, bawa surat permohonan pengiriman peserta, kalian bilang sama guru bahasa Inggris nya atau sama Kepala Sekolahnya, bilang.. Pak, kami ada ini ini ini ini, gitu-gitu.. ehm.. kalian berapa biaya nya satu orang?

4. 20 ribu..5. 50 ribu?! 20?6. apa nya yang 20?biaya pesertanya..7. oh, 25.8. ah, 25 kan? biaya nya 25 pak, nanti kalo misalnya yang dikirim misalnya... Kalian ga

ada potongan kalo misalnya dikirim... Kalo kami dulu kan 20 ribu, kalo 10 orang sekali mendaftar dipotong 10 %. Gitu.. kalian ga ada gitu-gitu?

9. ooo.. gitu aja lah kami buat nanti. Kami nanti buat gini aja kak, kalo ada 10 orang gratis 1.

10. aah.. atau 10 orang discount sekian persen, kayak gitu-gitu. Nanti kan orang tertarik tuh, nanti kalian bilang nanti ada ini ini nya.. ada.. ada.. doorprizenya, ada snacknya, ada sertifikatnya, trus speakernya bule loh.. atau speakernya.. speakernya udah deal bule?

11. udah..nah, speakernya bule loh.. gini gini.. speakernya native, segala macem. Itu kan bagus.. ohh.. speakernya native nih, gitu.. orang kan pasti tertarik.

Conversation 13

Time : 11th March 2010, 09.45

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : all males.

1. orang itu tu.. strikernya pun..2. bantut..3. bantut.. 4. Ronaldhino ga main?5. Ronaldhino main..6. Ronaldhino pasti main dia.. dia uda keluar..7. salah si apa.. Leonardo..8. si Jope ga main, Beckham ga main.. babak pertama ga ada yang main.. 9. penyerangnya siapa?10. Zambrotta.. Burillo ama Ontra, itu aja.. 11. Burillo.. 12. Hehe13. udah itu yang mati-matian Pirlo la tadi malam.. sendiri dia babak pertama, sama

Ronaldhino.

Conversation 14

Time : 11th March 2010, 10.00

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 3 dominant females, 2 undominnat females, 1 male.

1. tadi kan aku megang mi ama megang aqua, terus ga muat, yaudah terpaksa aku buang.2. kertas ku ya? biar aku tokok..3. mianyeo.. (bahasa Korea)

4. kau tengoklah di tas ku, ada apa enggak?5. ku tokok kau nanti Shinta ya.. yang betul la Shinta..6. ga ada, udah aku buang..7. heh! kau ga ada izin dari aku..8. bilang dulu..9. ga sopan kau..10. bilang dulu dimana?!11. mungkin tadi tinggal di tempat Ibu itu..12. ga tau aku, ga mau, sama si Shinta pun..13. gitu kau sekali lagi..14. bilang dulu dimana novel nya?15. dimana-mana diatas dunia banyak kok..16. banyak orang..17. hahhah18. cepat..! habis minum mu nanti..19. (berbahasa Korea)20. cepat.. habis minum ku nanti. wei.. kek mana main Twitter? hehe. aku punya Twitter,

tapi ga pernah aku buka. miko_runa@yahoo.co.id (miko underscore runa at yahoo dot co dot id)..

21. bukanya ga kayak gitu..22. jadi?23. dia @anandaanugrah (at ananda anugrah)..24. mikoruna. runamiko, runamiko..25. ha?26. runamiko..27. enak main Twitter..28. enak?29. follow lah, follow lah kalo gitu..30. follow balik ya? 31. iya..32. kayak mana Twitter?33. enak main nya.. lebih enak daripada Facebook.34. iya.. 35. cara nya kayak mana? aku ga pande..36. tinggal buat aja..37. aku pun ga pande, tapi ku pande-pande kan dulu..38. hihihi39. aku pun kemaren udah buat, daftar kan, uda masuk cuma ga pernah aku pake, ga suka

aku. ga ngerti soalnya..40. iya Ina juga ga ngerti..41. kalo Facebook udahlah, kayak hantu..42. Facebook tiap hari, tempat curhat..43. baik Twitter, Titi Dj dibalasnya Twitter aku..44. he eh?

45. iya, dibalasnya. 2 kali dibalasnya..46. gila Titi DJ anak ini, sejak jumpa di Polonia..47. aku hari itu yang balas Facebook aku, Martin Alejandro Ricapierone. senang kali otak

ku.haha, au!48. betul nya tu?49. iya.. yang Amigos.. oya? dia tau aku dari Indonesia. dari Indonesia ya? saya suka

Indonesia.. dia pernah hari itu kesini, ke Bali dia..50. iya dia suka di Bali, tapi ga suka di Medan.. 51. iya.. I ever go to Bali katanya gitu.. 2 kali atau 3 kali hari itu wall kami.. cakep dia

loh..52. ya cakep la, kalo ga cakep ga jadi artis..53. fotonya ini, fotonya tau, fotonya waktu cuma berdiri di depan rumahnya gitu..54. bisa aja itu fansnya..55. enggak, emang dia sendiri.. hihi56. kok tau?57. kau kok bisa dapet?58. ku bikin aja, Martin Alejandro Ricapieroni. rupanya Martin Rica yang keluar,

kutengok mirip dia, ya udah ku add..59. Erna.. Erna... Erna ada seribu lima?60. ga..61. novelnya mana??!!62. where is my water?63. novel nya dulu..64. (berbahasa Korea)65. aku.. aku dah pande nulis nulis huruf nya.. yee.. udah hafal. tapi tadi malam sampe

jam 12 aku belajar.. haha66. kak Shinta, abu nya lah kak..67. erase.. erase..68. kak Shinta..!69. ish, kakak ini, you are so dirty.70. You are so foul.71. Jangan gitu lah kak, ku tokok nanti.72. Eraser.. eraser..

Conversation 15

Time : 12th March 2010, 09.45

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 3 females, 4 males.

1. how about Rini?2. dia ga duit, duit dia ma aku. aku ga ada duit..3. senin katanya..4. yah, itu urusan Rin ke kau nya kan? ini kan urusan kami ke Rini gitu kan?5. pokoknya narik..6. pokoknya jangan ada alasan, a' uang ku sama Rini eh sama Ade.7. aku udah bayar, kalo boleh kek gitu, ku minta lagi duit ku 25 ribu lagi..8. ehm.. ga bisa kek gitu.9. makanya itu.. bayar 30 ribu. Rini...10. berapa sih uang jula-jula nya?11. 30 ribu aja.12. sebulan?13. 1 minggu.14. ha? 30 ribu seminggu?15. ah, kenapa?16. wah, hebat kalian.17. IMSI..18. berarti, sebulan 120 ribu?19. pokoknya 1 minggu 300 ribu.20. pokoknya seminggu, narik..21. kami juga narik 330 ribu dulu, tapi..22. tapi seminggu sekali narik kami.23. oh.. enak kali ya Allah.. banyak duit.. hihi24. tapi tapi, executive kak.. haha25. executive.26. tunggu tunggu bentar..27. (kalimat tidak ditulis, karena mengandung kata-kata tidak sopan)28. emang kenapa?29. pokoknya ada diedit-edit dia status di fb ku..30. kok bisa?31. kemaren aku log in pake handphone Reza ya kan, terus karena connection error aku

tinggal gitu aja, belum aku log out. mungkin pas connectionnya balik lagi, tah diapa-apain statusnya.

32. sama si?33. sama si Adi itu lah..34. hati-hati sekarang..35. (kata-kata tidak ditulis karena tidak sopan)36. orang Facebook awak, nanti di bajak-bajak.. tah apa-apa..37. iya, status nya masa gini dibikin nya? pilih om Bambang atau om Burhan? masa kek

gitu? datang kawan ku comment, kawan SD ku, uda.. pilih yang banyak bulu nya, katanya. aku yang Astagfirullahalazdim..

38. dipikir kau betul-betulan ini..39. iya, aku gini.. The Ais comment on your status. ku baca lah status nya, pilih yang

banyak bulu nya. apa sih? aku mikir nya gini, tah apa si bodo ini comment kayak gini.

baru ku tengok ke atas, ih.. pilih om Bambang atau om Burhan? kapan aku bikin status gini?

40. hahaha...41. orang Ijal kemana nih?42. udah lah, makanya emosi kali aku..43. berapa tuh?44. uang setoran. Rini, setoran angkot. 45. Rini, setoran Rini.. semalam..46. makanya kalo kau baca status ku, aku lagi maki maki orang..47. kejam kali..48. ada baca ya? emosi kali. masalah nya udah sekali di hack, udahlah. ini dikerjain lagi.

kan emosi..49. siapa yang ngehack kemaren?50. ga tau siapa yang ngehack, pokoknya fans itu.51. belum ketauan juga?52. yang kemaren itu belum tau tah siapa yang menghack itu.53. tapi ga mesti loh, kalo dihack orang ternyata ga mesti gara-gara lupa di logout.54. iya, kadang dia bisa aja gitu kek mana gitu kan? makanya kadang kalo kita itu di

internet, historynya itu didelete aja.55. ha? iya? bisa kek gitu?56. iya, makanya mendingan delete aja gitu. nama nya juga hacker..57. kalo ga gini aja lah, kalo ga kita ga usah ke warnet-warnet aja lagi..58. yang iya nya gini, ga usah pake punya Facebook. ga akan di hack-hack.59. yaudah, punya Twitter aja, punya Twitter dong..60. susah makenya..61. Twitter nunggu waktu dihack.62. Hahah63. susah makenya Twitter..64. engga, ga susah.65. ga asik..66. asik asik asik..67. aplikasi-aplikasi yang lain, ga gimana gitu..68. aku gara-gara ga ku pake-pake, punya Twitter tapi gara-gara ga ku pake-pake lupa

aku..69. acem? aku punya Twitter, cuma 2 kali lah, 2 kali update status.70. sekali.71. aku punya Twitter, 2 kali ku buka, dua kali update status. udah, enough.72. udah, tanya aku. 73. ehm, kalo kau?74. aku uda 3700 sekian-sekian..75. hahaha..76. banyak status di twitter ketimbang status di facebook ku, rasaku.77. follow-follow aja.78. enak lo.. lebih seru.

79. emang sih, cuma ya gimana?80. follow-follow.81. aku apa ya password ku?82. aku lupa Bay, iya gara-gara dibuat sekali, ga dibuka-buka, eh lupa.83. aku aja kalo ga salah, emailnya pake email yang pas di fb yang dihack itu.84. Yuda.. bayar lah!85. aku udah bayar.86. si Rini mana?87. kak Noni, ada emak disitu?88. kak Noni, say hi..89. kalian kenapa ga bisa karaokean?90. aku di Gajah Mada belum ambil absen.91. kau mau kemana?92. kusuk.93. kusuk lagi?94. Arif?95. pulang kampung.96. cabut?97. pulang kampung yuk Rif, aku mau pulang kampung.98. si Ijal? kan tadi aku kasih free pass nya, terus katanya kenapa ga karaokean? orang ini

ga bisa semua, kata si Bayu.99. kau mau kemana rupanya Jal? kenapa ga bisa karaokean?100. ma kak Kiki, nonton ma kak Kiki.101. nonton apa lagi kalian?102. The Wolfman.103. The Wolfman? kemaren Alice nya bagus?104. 3D, ga ada teks nya.105. apa?106. udah 3D, ga ada teks nya, British pula..107. serius?108. kalo di Sun kan yang ada kan yang 3D aja.109. no text?110. iya lah. yang 3D ga ada teks nya memang.111. ohya?112. British pula itu.113. my name is Alfred.114. can you call Rini?115. Rini...116. Rini, don't forget about your money. gitu kan?117. ih.. soak kali lah itu.

Conversation 16

Time : 17th March 2010, 09.30

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 3 females, 4 males.

1. Sam... Sam...2. jadi? jadi?3. eh, nanti main futsal kan? main futsal kau Bayu.4. what time?5. jam 3.6. kakak kenapa kak? sering kali ngerekam-rekam?7. kakak kan lagi penelitian.8. penelitian apa?9. skripsi.10. iya, maksudnya tentang apa?11. sosiolinguistik.12. Ai tuh cerita-cerita, gosip-gosip.13. padahal enggak kan kak.14. Ai.. Ai.. tadi cerita Ijal.15. haha, ada objek nya disini.16. Ade.. thank you.17. tankyu..18. tankyu so much [m∧t∫].19. so much [much], tankyu so much [much].20. cemana ya kalo ga ada aku lagi?21. ga masalah kalo aku, Ijal itu nya.22. ya, makanya aku bingung ini. senyawa udah.23. Jal, kau download dulu apa Jal.. ehm..24. lama.. maunya tadi pagi.25. telephone, telephone.. cepat telephone.26. harus pagi rupanya?27. iya, dia kalo dari jam 8 sampai jam 10, cepet.28. lagu telephone, video klip.29. iya, video klip Lady..30. he eh, Lady Gagap.31. Lady Gagah. gagah dia kan?32. Lady Gegeh.33. wangi kali apa nih?34. awas Din..35. kena aja lah, awas kau.36. awas kau Rip, kau jorok-jorokin sepatu aku aja kau.37. ehm.. makanya.. aduh aduh..

38. ehm.. lasak kali pun.

Conversation 17

Time : 17th March 2010, 09.45

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 3 females, 4 males.

1. kakak ini bau ini loh, bau bahan-bahan kue itu, apa.2. pantes siapa yang wangi, kakak ini rupanya.3. kenapa sih dek? hehe.4. tiap hari diolesin apa dalem nya.5. cream.6. iya, krim kue.7. oh.. mungkin pengembang kue ga kak?8. oh, Ade cocok nya.9. kak Shita uda pake itu.10. iya iya, si Ade, biar kembang..11. si Ade tah kenapa lah, ditanya any problem, no katanya.12. badmood, badmood.13. badmood have reason.14. keluar siluman nya, siluman Ade.15. siluman Ade. kak, jangan dekat kali lah kak, malu juga. nampak hidung awak yang

besar.16. eh.. keluar semua semut nya Yuda..17. Yuda.. semut Yuda..18. bikin gado aja kau lah!19. dari tadi, dari pagi. manggil-manggil..20. semut api ini udah.21. entah, ku masukkan pula nanti itu ke baju kau.22. iya, masukkan. enak loh..23. kerjaan itu loh, satu-satu.24. hahaha...25. eh, mirip ya? ngapain jilbab nya itu satu..26. eh, diam kau! ga usah cari emosi orang kau.27. iya kan? ngapain jilbab nya itu satu.28. hilang akal si Ade.29. dimana mau nyari emosi?30. iya ya? aku pun bingung, dimana emosi dicari?31. ada toko nya?

32. uang mungkin lah bisa dicari.33. di warnet ada ga ya? haha. macam mana bentuk barang nya emosi itu? dimana itu De?34. ketawa aja De.. kau kasi tau dulu, dimana cari emosi. dia nyari loh, uda berapa tahun

dia nyari ga bisa-bisa, ga dapet-dapet.. dah berapa puluh tahun dia nyari emosi, pening udah otaknya. udah nyumbat dia.

35. udah dimasukin foto nya Jal?36. kalian jangan jahat kek gitu, tengok nih mukanya, tar lagi nangis nih. sayang lah..37. sorot kak, kasian dia kak.. kepengen terkenal. De, De, ngadap ke kamera De. hitung

ya, tiga, dua, sa..38. hahaha, ketawa dia..39. De, De.. ngadap kamera hey.. sekali dapat apa, muka di kamera dua ratus ribu De..40. mana Jal?41. belum ku tag, masih di album ku..42. udah ngantuk kali ni..43. ya tidur lah.44. if you want to leave me, let me alone.45. kena.. siapa tu ya dulu yang ngomong gitu?46. apa? ngomong apa?47. eh eh, itu kakak mu.48. hehe, kakak mu. mirip kali..49. sorot, sorot.50. oh itu..51. haha, sorot kak.52. iya sih emang, hihi.53. cari berantam..54. enggak loh, tapi emang iya loh, di setiap stambuk itu ada yang mirip-mirip sama

stambuk tua nya.55. iya, satu lagi kak Win.56. aku ga ada tuh.57. aku mirip siapa?58. ga ada, kau makhluk langka.59. terus gaya! ga, ga, ga. makhluk langka, ga lah. siapa makhluk langka.60. Ai ga ada.61. siapa bilang ga ada, banyak yang kecil disini.62. pantes ga nampak, ga ada rupanya.63. biarpun kecil, dia berguna. biar tau..64. tunjukkan dulu gunanya, kutip dulu sampah-sampah disini.65. Hehehe66. maju kali si Ade ni..67. giliran diejek marah, ngejek orang bisa.68. ada rupanya aku marah? kalo marah, udah pihi aku dari sini!69. apa katanya? apa katanya? jangan mentang-mentang senior ya!70. esh, mantap.71. lantam mode on.

72. lantam mode on ini.73. udah.. nanti kan udah tau kalo OEP siapa jadi korlap nya.74. calon ini..75. ehm, kalo aku senior nya, masukkan ke danau duluan ini.76. ku tarik bajumu.77. Hhahah78. koyak!79. ku lepas bajuku, bilang gitu lah.80. untung senior kita bukan dia De.81. ga tertarik ya nyiksa-nyiksa orang.82. eh.. ga tertarik juga.83. ga tertarik apa karena kemaren ga ikut?84. ikut OEP?85. iya..86. he, ga ikut katanya..87. waktu tahun dia kan, lari dia, ga ikut.88. iya..

Conversation 18

Time : 25th March 2010, 11.00

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 2 males.

1. eh, berapa?2. 6003. eh, ga mau fotokopi? ini dari pak Parlin.4. mau, mau lah copynya.5. kau Bay, ga mau copy?6. mau lah..

Conversation 19

Time : 29th March 2010, 10.00

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 4 females.

1. PW katanya.2. apa PW, kubilang?3. pendamping wisuda, katanya.4. pendamping wisuda? apa pendamping wisuda?5. ya kalo misalnya pacarnya, pasangan gitu.6. ah, ada-ada aja.7. sii hii..8. hihihi...9. ih, aku ga terbayang kalo sempet aku disitu, dilihat orang mamak nya, orang

bapaknya ya kan. 10. udah, langsung lah ya kan? ke pelaminan ya kan?11. apa? apanya ke pelaminan?12. ga, baru si itu, siapa nama nya? Samuel ya?13. shock la ya..14. apa ga mati, sepupu orang ini.15. sepupu orang ini, sepupu kandung. datang adek nya, adek nya Samuel, katanya mau

nembak adek aku. gila ya kan?16. siapa?17. adek nya Samuel. tapi baik sih adek nya itu, dewasa.18. jadi sempat adek nya sama adek mu, kau sama Samuel, udah lah..19. yaudahlah..20. sekeluarga jadian.21. aku pun ga mau sama Samuel..22. boleh gitu? ga boleh kan?23. ga boleh?24. kemaren pas.. ga boleh.25. ga boleh, tapi boleh nya ma kami..26. tapi di Khabi Kushi Kabhi Gem, bisa ya kan. tapi itu ga kandung.27. itu Kabhi Kushi Kabhi Gem..28. tapi ga kandung lagian.29. mana orang si apa? Rini? biar ku dagangkan dulu.30. kalo bisa Cim, bayar itu nya sekarang. ga tau diri ya kan? aku bayar utang dulu lah.31. tau kau Petra? setengah mati aku nyarikan lagu ini. di 4shared ga ada, di Google

setengah mati ya kan? terakhir, pas ku bikin status ku itu, kan dicomment bang Gie. "acem lagu nya sayang" katanya gitu kan. "keren bang, tapi ga tau download dari mana, ga dapat-dapat, capek aku nyari nya" ku bilang kan. katanya dia ga download, dia punya CD nya.

32. terus kau dapat darimana ini?33. terakhir ku cari-cari, dapat juga. dari pagi sampe sore, sore baru dapat. Haha34. cemana kau dapat?35. ga tau aku, aku dari Google sampe setengah mati nyari nya.36. kakak ku, "kalo aku punya senior kayak gini dek, malu aku dek". orang depan rumah

Bowu ya kan, kupu-kupu.. hehe.37. Rini.. Rini.. sini lah.

38. Ai, Rini, sini deh. Ai ketakutan dia.39. apa?40. doakan dan hadirilah! haha. ini ada Rock and Roll Roadshow. tanggal 14, di Gema.

bintang tamu nya Glenn Fredly sama Endah N Ressa. biaya nya 10 ribu doang, dapet snack, dapet sertifikat, dapet majalah. mau ga?

41. mau dong.42. mau? betul?43. iya.44. bayar nya?45. kalo bisa sekarang, sekarang. biar aku catat nama nya. sekalian ajak-ajak orang itu ya.46. oya.. di Gema?47. iya, tanggal 14. jam 1 sampe tah jam berapa gitu, jam 6 lah paling lama. paling

lama.hari?48. rabu.49. rabu, oh oke.50. rabu kapan?51. tanggal 14.52. terserah kan mau bawa siapa?53. iya. tapi bilangin aja ama aku, biar ku kasih tiket nya ama mu.54. oke, oke.55. seh.. Alfariz ga sama Roni lagi ya. 56. ihiyy.. ngambek dia.57. ajak orang itu ya.. Ai.58. ga makan siang? cuma snack doang ya?59. itu ga makan siang, karena jam 1 mulai nya. pasti snack aja itu. 60. snack (sambil memperagakan gaya ular)61. itu snake.62. snake..63. pe pe mir mir sa. susah kali pake rok.64. sok cantik.65. sok cantik.66. belum kering celana ku. kemaren basah terus, ujan. yaudah, terpaksa lah. males pake

ini, kiri, kanan, kiri, kanan. haha. ga ada lagi, mau nya kayak Aprina, biasa aja.67. aku ga ada pula rok item.68. aku ga nanya pula, cemana lah mau aku bilang.69. Mi, minggu depan ke Halat yuk.70. ke Halat?71. sama si Ruth, dia mau beli rosario.72. kami sekarang ga disana, udah di Marelan.73. udah? dari kapan?74. semalam.75. luluh lantak juga ya, pertahanan selama ini. jadi, rumah yang sana?76. di mobil ya kan, "ehehh eheehh" (memperagakan orang sedang menangis). duduk

paling belakang. gitu lah..

77. tau kau? nanti aku kan pigi naek 63..78. ehm ehm.. udah ga usah ngomong.79. pulang nya kek mana tuh ya?80. pulang nya naek 63 sampe..81. ke sini kan?82. emang nya kau..83. aku hari ini daftar langsung les.. jam 2 les nya.84. nomor... baru ke Gatot Subroto itu yang ga tau aku naek apa ya kan..85. naek 63 turun di simpang kampus.86. iya, maksud aku dari sana aku langsung ke Gatot subroto.87. ini dek..88. ya, ada apa?89. ini ada seminar tentang aliran.. hehe90. ga ku baca nya ni.91. udah lah, niat ku baik kali nya ngopi kan ini.92. karena..93. ikhlas ini ngopikan ini?94. iya lah..95. jadi nanti kita tinggal nengok dari sini aja, open book?96. iya.. 97. serius rupanya.98. kalo nyasar aku kek mana ya? naek becak lah ya? Bang, Gatot Subroto..99. kek gitu lah Tan.100. kalo nyasar, kau bikin status, aku nyasar. help.101. iya ya..102. iya ya? iya iya?103. aku nyasar. kek kemaren bunda ya kan sama Mora. aku udah kesana, hari

sabtu itu sama mamak ku, cuma lupa aku jalan nya.104. ke Menteng? aku juga hari sabtu ke Menteng, tapi ke rumah sodara ku.105. ga nanya ya..106. aku cuma mau inget jalan nya aja tau kau? tapi lupa, banyak kali belok-belok

nya.107. udah makanya kau naek angkot 63 aja udah. nyampe langsung.108. pulang nya Gatot Subroto naek apa coba?109. naek 63 nyambung lagi, eh..110. ke sini kan?111. enggak.. 63 tu sampe ke apa tau kau? ke Kapten Muslim.112. oya?113. tinggal, kau tau, kau tinggal naek angkot lurus doang lah.114. maksud nya gini..115. ga usah nyebrang-nyebrang gitu?116. kalo aku naek 63 dari depan LPJ itu, bukannya nyampe disini aku? aku ke

Gatot Subroto masalah nya..

117. masalah nya bos, dari sini ke apa dia, ke Kaptem Muslim pun, lewat. soalnya aku semalam ke Kapten Muslim.

118. berarti dia lewat sini, cuman lurus lagi ke apa, nyambung lagi ke Kapten Muslim dia? 63 itu?

119. enggak. dia maksud nya dari sini ke Menteng baru Kapten Muslim lewat, gitu?120. enggak. dari Menteng, kampus..121. tunggu lah dulu, aku dari sini naek 63..122. bukan dari sini, dari pasar 1 eh pintu 1.123. bukan pasar 1?124. bukan sumber, ga ada dari sumber.125. ga ada, pintu 1.126. pintu 1? aku berarti nyebrang lah ya? bukan yang..127. kok nyebrang Yo?128. iya nyebrang.129. ya kan? pasar 1 nyebrang kan?130. nyebrang ke arah Imanuel, ke arah sekolah yang ada..131. hahhaa132. oh, berarti nyebrang..133. air mancur.134. terus pulang nya? pulang nya dari depan LPJ naek apa? naek 63 juga?135. 63 juga bos.. nyebrang kan wei? nyebrang.136. nyebrang lah.. 137. 63 itu tau, KFC Walikota, pintu 1.. 138. orang kami berenti di ini kok, Sumber.139. 63? 63 ga lewat sumber kan?140. ga tau pula aku.141. Sumber. kemaren kami turun..142. 63 itu angkot kawan aku, sering kali aku naek itu dulu waktu SMP.143. 43 itu sayang, 43 sayang.144. berarti kalo naek 63 dari depan LPJ, bisa lah berarti aku berenti di Gatot

Subroto ya?145. Kapten Muslim lah.146. aku mau Gatot Subroto nya, mau les aku.147. Gatot Subroto dimana nya?148. CareFour, CareFour.149. oh.. ga lewat dia.150. dia yang lewat sampe ini..151. Vidia, Tan?152. ha?153. Vidia?154. bukan, Hardcourt. dia Gatot Subroto masuk dalam-dalam lagi.155. pasar Sei Kambing pun lewat. 156. Sei Kambing jauh kali.157. aku, aku di apa.. oh, berarti dia..

158. Yo kalo lagi nganggur, pinjem lah Yo. (sambil mengambil Handphone)159. aku mau dengar lagu, eh batre.. batre.160. kau 135 lewat?161. ha?162. 135 lewat?163. lewat mana? Gatot Subroto?164. tempat les mu? angkot yang lewat tempat les mu apa?165. 108, hehe166. yaudah, kau berenti di ini aja lah..167. dimana?168. di pintu 1.169. nyambung berkali-kali?170. enggak, pintu 1.171. naek apa aku ke pintu 1?172. 10.. naek 63, baru naek 108. 108 lewat situ kan?173. kata dia lewat..174. lewat pintu 1, 108 kan?175. enggak, lewat Sumber.176. yaudah, berarti kau turun di simpang USU ini, kau agak jalan dikit di sini

nunggu 108 nya.177. sampe situ, ngerti nya?178. ngerti..179. aku ga ngerti.180. aku curiga.181. pokoknya, dari depan LPJ naek 63..182. ya, kau berenti nya di simpang kampus.183. berenti simpang pasar 1 sana kan? eh, simpang kampus.. ehehe184. tau ga simpang kampus yang mana?185. tau, yang sana.186. sebelum pintu 1.187. sebelum pintu 1 yang mana?188. kakak ini udah bingung.. haha.189. ini sebelum kampus, simpang 3 itu.190. iya.191. yang ada polisi-polisi nya.192. yang lampu merah?193. iya, lampu merah.. polisi-polisi itu.194. yang kemaren aku jemput kau ke rumah.. siapa yang aku jemput kemaren ke

rumah Mora naek kereta?195. aku.196. kau. yang di situ kan? yang di lampu merah?197. berarti kita ngelewatin pintu 2 kan?198. ha?199. ngelewatin pintu 2 lah itu, berarti ngelewatin pintu 1 lah simpang nya.

200. aduh..201. kalo dari yang aku jemput kau biasa?202. iya, lewat pintu 1. dari sini lurus belok ke kanan. 203. pokoknya simpang kampus ini.204. lurusan Sumber itu, sayang. 205. entah.206. ujung lurusan Sumber dapat jalan ini.207. Hahaha208. kakak ini senyum-senyum aja. kasian kali kita, simpang kampus aja ga tau.209. yaudah, berarti kek gitu lah.

Conversation 20

Time : 29th March 2010, 10.20

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 5 females, 2 males.

1. that's my suggestion.2. ya.. for what?3. audio? atau video?4. dua-dua.5. only for two hundred? three hundred? or..6. oh, oh.. 500.7. Yamaha present Rolling Stone Live Music on Campus. what campus? USU?8. ya.9. Gema, Gema.10. Gema.. ohh..11. let me see.12. itu loh..13. gema, apa gema yang sering salah bang Fikar bilang?14. GEMAPALA.15. hahhaha.16. eh Pe, semalam yang kau kirim comment bahasa Jerman itu apa?17. mati aku. kita masuk jam 8.18. keren.19. apa, apa? apa, cemana?20. (berbahasa Jerman).

21. where we bring our relation? itu English Version. ya kan? kalo versi Indonesia nya, mau dibawa kemana hubungan kita.. Englishnya, where we bring our relation?

22. Hahhaa23. Ical..24. ihiyy.. ihiy..25. Ical Ical di dinding..26. ih.. so sweet..27. si Ijal deketin Siti, kemaren dapet 10 juta kan?28. oh, iya iya.29. Siti wins 10 millions.30. billions.31. from the promotor.32. billion. in English, billion.33. million longor..34. billion, bil..lion.35. have you seen the promotor last night on Trans Tv?36. kak, juta apa bahasa Inggris nya?37. juta? million.38. million, not billion.39. mi? how about bi?40. billion untuk milyar kan?41. million, juta..42. kebalik loh..43. dia ada peraturan baru. billion jadi trullion.44. trillion, ah..45. trullion, suka-suka aku lah..46. hahha47. Yo, kalo kau foto situ Yo, pasti keren. karena ada efek daun nya.48. nah..49. udah, biasa aja Tan. biasa aja Tan. ga usah mau Tan.50. alah, sakit hati kan kau Mi, mentang-mentang kau dicut. Hiihi51. mentang-mentang kau dicrop.52. dicut..53. dicrop itu. dicut..54. kenapa? foto nya dicrop? di potong?55. di edit..56. aku yang mengcrop dia..57. kau potong gitu ya?58. dicut..59. foto nya setengah.. misalnya gini.. (bergaya, mencontohkan)60. padahal udah bergaya ya kan, kurang ajar.61. oh.. ya, ya. Ijal kemaren kek gitu, sama si Rini dia. di potong dia, dicrop. terakhir di

ejek, tah apa gitu..

Conversation 21

Time : 30th March 2010, 11.40

Location : Language Laboratorium area

Participant : 1 female, 1 male.

1. sometimes, berpikiran gini ya. ih, aku pengen jadi tipikal orang yang ga perduli ama penampilan. maksudnya, apa ya, penampilan bukan suatu keperluan kita dalam hidup. ya kan?

2. he eh..3. tapi komunitas kita yang menuntut kita seperti itu ya kan? yang menuntut kita, pengen

kita wangi. terus pengen kita yang berpakaian, kan gitu kan? aku jadi mikir, ish kenapa perlu gitu? kan jadi perlu biaya banyak ya kan. karena aku liat, kek mana ya, bukan sok merendahkan atau gimana. kalo misalnya kita liat lah, anak-anak kantin Mam, kan gitu kan. orang itu kan ga menentukan, ih bau kali kau, kan ga seperti itu kan komunitas mereka. jadi enak kan, pasti orang ini bisa nabung banyak.. uang jajan nya jadi lebih banyak.

4. are you sure?5. maksud nya?6. menurut aku enggak.7. enggak. misalnya aku seperti itu ya kan, dengan income yang aku dapat terus aku

seperti mereka gitu, ih pasti uang ku jadi banyak gitu. karena kan dengan income aku ini, ah kepengen beli parfum lah, pengen beli baju lah.

8. ah, aku yakin uang mereka juga ga ada yang bisa ditabung.9. mungkin abis ke rokok juga ya.10. ga, misalnya aku dengan kondisi aku, dengan uang yang aku terima tapi pergaulan

aku seperti mereka gitu kan, orang itu mungkin suka yang di kampus, jalan sama kawan. awak, ya ampun.. yang harus ke Mall lah, kalo mau jalan-jalan. hebring-hebring ga jelas. uang nya ga ada yang bisa ditabung.

11. aku bisa jalan-jalan ke Mall, tapi ga keluarin apa-apa. cuman window shopping, terus cuma makan. udah, that's all.

12. ya tapi karena pergaulan kita kayak gitu, jadi ada perlu biaya buat itu. ya kan?13. ya..14. ya, anggaran gitu kan?15. ya sih memang, tapi apa ya.. kayak nya aku lebih nyaman yang kayak ginin lah.

dengan kita mesti keluarin uang untuk beli perfume..16. emang sih, tapi aku lebih choose ini gitu kan. i prefer this. cuma kadang kan berpikir,

ih.. cuma pas lagi ga ada uang.17. kayak sekarang, hahha.

18. iya, pasti aku mikir. ish, ga ada uang abis nya aku kemaren jalan-jalan ke sini, ke sini. cuma beli.. kadang kita pikir, parfum juga terlalu penting kan? kadang gitu kan, untuk kebutuhan standart kita udah cukup kan? semua uda kita, udah ada gitu. itu kalo bisa dibilang, faktor tambahan. tersier lah gitu, kebutuhan tersier. ga ada itu juga gak apa-apa kan.

19. Hehehe20. ya misalnya gitu kan?21. yah, gimana yah..22. tapi itu aku mikir-mikir itu pas lagi masa paceklik. ga ada uang, ya Allah tadi boros

makan ke Mall, gini gini gini. ish, ya ampun ngapain lah tadi beli parfum, walaupun yang isi ulang itu yang cuma 10 ribu tapi kan uang nya bisa ditabung, ish, ngapain lah beli baju, padahal baju masih ada. ya kan?

Conversation 22

Time : 31th March 2010, 12.00

Location : area of English department classes

Participant : 3 females, 3 males.

1. iya, kami mau ambil spanduk ga di kasi.2. aku di suruh ambil helm, enak aja.3. mintakan tolong ma orang ini.4. suruh dia ambil sendiri.5. untuk kita loh ini.6. so what?7. ayok lah Yuda, tolong.8. nah, nah ambilkan.9. ya ampun..10. woi, kasikan napa helm kalian.11. kasikan kenapa helm kalian?12. nah, ni di kereta nempel. ambil tuh!13. ya ambil la.14. aku ambilkan, sini.15. balikkan lagi ya.16. semoga.17. ih, sini lagi. sini lagi.18. maju kali.19. sini, sini, sini.20. hey, wait.21. Rini mana?

22. wangi apa roti itu lah. tiap ada kakak ini..23. iya, wangi apa.. coklat.24. oh, pake vanila itu ya?25. banyakan makan vanila itu.26. parfum nya udah habis, pakein itu. mak, minta itu lah.. haha.27. ih, lucu kali Ade.28. Hahhahaa29. ih, selop ku lah..30. pasti mahal, katanya.31. enggak, aku mau selop ku aja.32. kak Kajol jam berapa pulang dari rumah bang Gulit?33. kapan? tadi malam?34. iya, kan ujan itu.35. kan dia yang ujan itu.36. nangis.37. karena marah kan, rain lah.38. eh, sini lah kau balikkan kunci nya. gini gini pula dia.39. sini..40. kalian, udah ga ngantarkan ambil spanduk.. ambil kunci kereta aja, ga bisa kalian.41. ya ampun..42. coba kalian bayangkan, kalo kalian itu di posisi kami.43. kondisi kalian kayak mana rupanya?44. ga tau apa yang terjadi. dia ngapain aku, sebelumnya. before time.45. nonton silet tiap hari.46. Hahaha47. di apai kau rupanya?48. eh, ga tau dia.49. oalah..50. eh, kek mana aku mau belain kau? kau nya yang kayak gitu. tadi kau bilang i know, i

know.51. dipikirnya kek gitu makin imut, makin jijik.52. emang aku heran kali nengok cowok, eh cewek Rudi ini. 53. siapa?54. itu si..55. capek-capek download, rupanya versi live nya.56. apa? lagu apa?57. Dinda, kapan?58. besok.59. besok. Ade, besok. ku catat. Ijal, mamak mu kapan?60. THR.61. lebaran apa itu?62. lebaran umat Islam.63. hari raya, hari raya apa? hari raya monyet kah?64. dia hari raya Natal.

65. eh, selamat ya hari Jumat. bagi ya telur nya, awas kau ga kau kasih.66. Paskah..67. Hahhaha68. Ijal nanti dirumah begini-begini, mengukir-ngukir dia.69. sambil pake baju kelinci.70. sambil pake baju kelinci. Hehe71. pake baju yang tipis itu.72. iya, jadi kayak yang Playboy itu. atau yang Jepang kan sering gitu kan?73. ini udah bisa pulang?74. ya pulang lah, nyemak De.75. Arsenal-Barcelona, siapa yang berani main sama aku?76. ayok, Barcelona.77. versus?78. Arsenal. 20 ribu. no point ya.79. betul ya? betul 20 ribu?80. iya.81. nanti.82. ah..83. nanti lah, bentar. ku panggil dulu si Arif. tah mau dia 30 ribu, jadi pas kan 50.84. trus aku kasi 30 ribu? maksudnya, kau mau nya 50? Arif pegang Barcelona?85. iya.86. oh.. kandang mana nih? kandang Barca ya?87. enggak. eh, tunggu dulu lah. Fabegras tah main tah enggak.88. ah, kau. ga aci lah kek gitu, masa nunggu Fabegras main atau enggak.89. maka ku lihat dulu bentar sini.90. dah nanti di kandang Barca kita maen kan? sah kan?91. doain aku sikit.92. Haha93. kalo udah misalnya menang Barca 5-0, itu pasti di kandang Barca buat apa main?

sama aja bohong kan?94. ya, kita kan ga maen aggregate. main aggregate? ayok, ga papa.95. enggak lah.96. iya lah ya, maksud nya siapa yang masuk ke apa kan?97. enggak lah, siapa yang menang main ini aja lah.98. beuh..99. ini liga Champions ya?100. iya, liga Champions. di RCTI nanti malam ya?101. yok.102. yang Inter sama CSKA?103. Inter kemaren, ga tau aku.104. aku pegang Inter, hehe.105. eh, Bayern tadi malam siapa menang?106. Bayern apa nih?107. Bayern Muenchen lawan apa..

108. ama MU itu ya?109. iya.110. oh, Muenchen dong..111. 2-1.112. Muenchen menang? ihiyy...113. haahaahhha.114. menang 2-1. padahal pertamanya udah kalah 1-0. baru menit kedua.115. ga jadi maen ya semalam ya?116. baru menit kedua.117. Muenchen dong, Jerman.. dilawan sama Inggris.118. jadi.. ini liga Champions kan? kemaren di kandang siapa maen?119. apa?120. yang kemaren?121. kandang Muenchen.122. di kandang Meunchen? oke, nanti di kandang MU kita kasih berapa ya? 1-0

lah ya? kan kalo 3-1 kan telak kali.123. kalo menang 1-0 MU dikandangnya, ya kalah Muenchen.124. kenapa? aggregate nya jadi sama.. menang itu MU?125. harus cetak goal away.126. jadi harus jarak 2 gitu? 3-1?127. kalo 2-0..128. kalo 2-0, menang kan?129. kalo 1-0 MU, menang MU.130. oh, menang MU gitu.. ah, tapi kalo 0-0 tetap menang Muenchen kan?131. aggregate itu apa?132. jarak gol. misalnya gini lah, kau menang di kandang dia 2-0.133. aku siapa, dia siapa?134. kita, Jerman lah. kita kan kemaren menang 2-1. skor kita, gol kita berapa? 2

kan? terus, oh mungkin

135. kemaren udah ada nilai-nilai berapa, dia berarti masih gol nya 1. berarti, kita menang berapa kali?

136. sekali.. terus rupanya, pas dikandang dia, dia menang. menang berapa? seri kan? sama-sama 1 kan? nah, dihitung gol nya.. gitu loh. jadi, mungkin sebelum-sebelumnya gol nya udah seimbang mungkin. tapi menurut kemenangan, Muenchen udah menang 2 kali.. MU baru sekali. jadi kalo MU menang, 1-0 aja, kan menang nya sama-sama 2 tapi jumlah gol nya sebelum nya udah sama kan? tambah 1, menang lah MU. gitu.. jadi nyari seri aja gitu loh. jadi mempertahankan nilai dari menang, jangan sampe dinilai lagi gol nya gitu.

137. oh, itu yang nama nya aggregate?138. ya, seperti itu. jadi kalo menang nya beda, jadi mau apa.. mau sebelumnya 8-0,

ga penting juga gitu. tapi karena kemenangan nya sama gitu kan, ya.. jadi dari skor nya gitu lah. makanya 0-0 aja gitu kan?

139. jadi kapan Inter sama CSKA?140. jadi rasaku, kalo aku jadi pelatihnya itu Muenchen..141. kalah langsung, didepak langsung.142. enggak, sebelas-sebelas pemainnya itu ku berdirikan aja disini.143. terus?144. di apa, di gawang. yang penting kan, seri aja udah menang itu Muenchen.

yaudah, ga gol-gol. Hahahha.

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