Science and Engineering. Science founds Engineering Every scientific discovery can potentially be...
-
Upload
solomon-mccoy -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Science and Engineering. Science founds Engineering Every scientific discovery can potentially be...
Science and Engineering
Science founds Engineering Every scientific discovery can potentially be
used in engineering
Engineers use the scientific laws to: Invent and design tools and products Estimate the time and amount of materials
needed Organize the process of construction Estimate the durability, performance and lifetime
of their inventions
Ex.1: Photovoltaic Effect and Solar panels The Photoelectric Effect (or
photoelectric phenomemon) was first observed by Alexandre Becquerel (1839)
It was later recorded by Heinrich Hertz (1887) The effect is also known as the
Hertz Effect Albert Einstein was first to explain
the workings of the effect and describe it mathematically
Bell Labs were first to produce a photovoltaic semiconductor (1954)
Ex.2. Semiconduction effect and digital electronic circuits Elements such as carbon
and silicon are known as semiconductors current will pass through
these materials but under resistance.
A semiconductor diode consists of two layers of material (and a gap between them) A material with empty
electron holes A material with almost free
electrons This technology replaced
triode bulbs
Ex.3: thermodynamics and refrigeration Thermodynamics was
revolutionized in the late 19th century succeeding a revolution in
laws of gasses The theory defined
thermodynamic processes The processes could be
combined to form cycles P-V diagrams
This made possible the design of Internal combustion engines Vapor-compression
refrigerators
Ex.4: thermodynamics and absorption-based refrigeration Absorption refrigeration is
based on two important phenomena Some hydrophile gases such
as ammonia can be separated from the water-based solution by heating up the solution
The same gases (ammonia) cool down (absorb heat) when they are recombined with the water
Absorption cycle You let the gas ammonia
“condense”, i.e. cool off by the environment