SCENARIO DESIGN:6 TIPS FOR

SUCCESS

Session 2

Objectives

Describe the essential components of scenario design

Develop learning objectives that are suitable for simulation

Build a basic scenario to address those objectives

Learning Objectives/

Competencies

Event sets/

Scenario

Synthetic/ immersive environment

Performance measures/dynamic

assessment

Performance diagnosis

Feedback/ instructional strategy

Skill inventory/ historical

performance data

Task analysis data

Anatomy of a Simulation

Adapted from Jan Cannon-Bowers 2005

Anatomy of a Simulation

Learning Objectives/

Competencies

Event sets/Scenario

Synthetic/ immersive environment

Performance measures/

dynamic assessment

Performance diagnosis

Feedback/

instructional strategy

Skill inventory/ historical

performance data

Task analysis data

Adapted from Jan Cannon-Bowers 2005

Scenario Design

Scenario design

The design and implementation of a partially scripted situation in which the learner is challenged to (and has the opportunity to) demonstrate the defined objectives.

IDENTIFY DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOME

Tip #1

DEVELOP LEARNING OBJECTIVES THAT CAN BE ADDRESSED WITH

SIMULATION

Tip #2

Learning objectives

Hint: use strong action verbs

SMART objectives

Specific, measurable, appropriate, realistic, timebound

Centered around desired observable behaviors

Achievable for the learner

Example Objectives By the end of this simulation training, learners will be

able to:

demonstrate effective teamwork behaviors (ie.

communication, information exchange, mutual

support, leadership),

diagnose and manage a clinical condition,

correctly perform a skill (ie.insertion of central venous

catheter, correct placement of an advanced airway) ,

effectively counsel a “standardized patient” about his

or her prognosis, etc

DESIGN THE SCENARIO TO INCLUDE THE

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

Tip #3

Who are your learners?

Identify who and how many learners will be involved in the simulation

Impacts complexity of scenarioInfluences debriefing and assessment plans

What are the Elements of Scenario Design ? Tools

Environment

Script (Story)

Patient “states”

Learner actions

Trigger events

Confederate roles and instructions

Facilitator instructions

Types (tools) of simulation

high fidelity (computerized full body manikin)

task trainer for skills performance mastery

“standardized patient” (learner interacting with a trained actor)

hybrid (combination of these)

Environmental considerations

setting

medical equipment

clinical forms

Props (moulage?)

The story…..

Credible

Beware of medical controversy unless this is the purpose of the scenario

Don’t try to trick the learner

Who is your patient? What has happened to him/her? When does the scenario start and end?

What drives the story forward?

What distractions do you want to build in?

Important definitions “State”

“Triggers”

“Learner Actions”

“Confederate”

Trigger events

Effective building of a scenario requires trigger events.

A trigger event is a condition, action or event within the scenario that

move the “patient” into a different state

This should push the learner toward a specific action, decision or thought process

 

Confederate roles /instructions

Confederates should have a specific purpose within the scenario

Confederates should keep learners on track

Confederates should challenge learners in areas relevant to learning objectives

Confederates don’t lie unless that’s the objective (and why would it be?)

Facilitator instructions

Information necessary for another instructor to run your scenario without you

FAQs

Good questions for debriefing

Content that should be covered in debriefing

REVIEW YOUR SCENARIO AND DO A DRY RUN

Tip #4

Dry Run Objectives Ensure that scenario progresses in a credible

way

Ensure that learner actions move the scenario in the desired direction

Ensure that learner can achieve desired objectives in the scenario

Try to identify possible deviations from anticipated learner actions, and build in ways to redirect learners

Refine scenario as necessary based on dry run

PLAN YOUR PREBRIEF

Tip #5

Prebrief Establish learning climate

Describe relevant features of simulator

Describe learning objectives or expectations

The Basic Assumption

The Fiction Contract

The Promise (Vegas)

Any information about the patient for the learner(s) before the scenario begins

DEVELOP AN ASSESSMENT AND DEBRIEFING PLAN

Tip #6

Sample case scenarioTitle: Cardiac Arrest / PEA

Learning Objectives:

1. Demonstrate effective teamwork behaviors in a code situation

2. Administer effective treatment to the patient in a cardiac arrest

3. Demonstrate the ability to do a critical analysis of the underlying causes of the patients arrest

Case background: 52 yo man with schizophrenia admitted from to general medicine from inpatient psych for evaluation of shortness of breath.  Nurse was going in to take vitals, thought pt looked strange - called for help