SAT Spelling Tips 10-11 The Spelling Rules. What We Will Be Covering 8/4 Spelling rules, esp. the...

SAT Spelling Tips 10-11

The Spelling Rules

What We Will Be Covering 8/4

• Spelling rules, esp. the most common errors.• Almost right words (or commonly confused

words).

Spelling Rules

There is no getting around it, there are just some rules that you need to know:

Spelling Rules 10/11

1. “I” before “E” except after “C” or when said as “Ä” as in “neighbor” and “weigh.” I believe I will receive a blanket from my neighbor.

Spelling Rules 10/12

2. There are many exceptions to the “I” before “E” rule and here they are: weird, height, seize, leisure, either, neither, and protein.

Spelling Rules – 10/15

3. The only English word ending in –sede is supersede. The only English words ending in –ceed are exceed, proceed, and succeed. All other words that end in this sound will be spelled with –cede.


4. When adding the suffix –ness or –ly to a word, do not change the spelling of the word itself

• sudden + ness = suddenness• truthful + ly = truthfully.


5. When adding a prefix to a word, do not change the spelling of the word itself:

• il + logical = illogical• mis + spell = misspell• un + natural = unnatural.


6. Drop the final silent “e” before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel:

• nice + est = nicest• love + ing = loving


7. You do not drop the silent “e” in words ending in “ce” and “ge” before a suffix beginning with “a” or “o”:

• notice + able = noticeable• courage + ous = courageous


8. You need to keep the final silent “e” adding a suffix that begins with a consonant:

• care + less = careless• false + hood = falsehood


9. When words end in “y” that is preceded by a consonant, change the “y” to “i” when adding a suffix unless the suffix begins with an “i”:

• beauty + ful = beautiful• carry + ing = carrying• envy + able = enviable


10. Please remember if the word ends in “y” preceding a vowel does not change when you add a suffix:

• pay + ment = payment• buy + er = buyer


11. Always remember to double the final consonant before adding the suffixes

-ing, -ed, -er, or –est to a one syllable word that ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel:

• hit + er = hitter• quiz + es = quizzes


12. The exception to the double consonant rule is when words end with “w” or “x”:

• mow + ed = mowed• wax + ing = waxing


13. Remember when forming plural nouns ending in “o” that precedes a vowel, just add “-s”: video + s = videos and ratio + s = ratios. For musical terms just add an “-s” if the word ends in “o”: piano = pianos, alto = altos, and trio = trios


14. Remember when forming plural nouns ending in “o” that precedes a consonant, you need to add an “-es”:

• hero = heroes• tomato = tomatoes• potato = potatoes • The only exception is silo = silos


15. Some words that end in “o” can be spelled with either “-es” or “s”:

• banjos/banjoes• flamingos/flamingoes


16. Some nouns change their spelling completely to form the plural version:

• ox = oxen• mouse = mice• octopus = octopi


17. Some nouns have the same spelling for both the singular form and plural form:

• fish = fish• tuna = tuna• salmon = salmon• Chinese = Chinese• moose = moose


18. This is also true for irregular verbs. They have the same spelling for both the present and past tense:

• Hit• Burst• Hurt• Put• Let

Almost Right Words

You need to know the differences between these commonly confused words:

Almost Right Words 11/5

Affect & Effect• Affect = influence (verb). What affect does

that medicine have?• Effect = result (noun) or to bring about (verb).

You need to write a cause and effect essay.

Almost Right Words – 11/6

Continuous & Continual• Continuous = something that never stops

(adj.). His talking was continuous.• Continual = something that starts and stops

over and over (adj.). We will begin our continual coverage of the election in ½ hr.


Except & Accept• Except = to exclude or leave out (verb). I will

allow everyone to turn in late work, except Kalani.

• Accept = to receive (verb). I will gladly accept this award.

Almost Right Words - 11/8

Farther & Further• Farther = means distance. How much farther

do we have to go?• Further = talks about time and intensity.

Without further hesitation, Harry leapt onto the dragon’s scaly back.


Fewer & Less• Fewer = describes items that you can count

(i.e. books, flowers, and boats). You need to make fewer mistakes.

• Less = describes items that you measure (i.e. ability, intensity, and headaches). I want less talking, please.


Good & Well• Good = describes nouns and pronouns (adj.).

That’s a good job.• Well = describes how you are doing or how

you did on something (adv.). I did well on my test.

• Well = also describes how you are physically feeling. I feel well today.


Lie & Lay• Lie = means to recline. I like to lie down and

take a nap. • Lay = means to place something down.

Please lay the book on the table.• Lay = can also be past tense for lie. I had to

lay down for awhile.


May & Can• May = asking for permission. May I go to the

bathroom? • Can = you have the physical ability to do

something. I can give my impromptu speech now.


Bad & Badly• Bad = adjective and modifies either a noun or

pronoun. The bad kitty tore up the sofa.• Badly = adverb and will explain how

something is doing. I did badly on my test today.


Earth & earth• Earth = capitalized, it is referring to the planet.

The planet Earth is third from the sun. • When “earth” is in lower case, it is referring to

the ground. The earth was parched from a lack of rain water.

Sounds Alike – 11/21

Stationary & Stationery• Stationary = adjective and means to be in a

fixed position. Is that a stationary bike? • Stationery = noun and is a piece of writing

paper. That is beautiful stationery.


Formally & Formerly• Formally = dignity or following strict rules and

procedures. As beneficiaries of Ke Ali’i Pauahi’s legacy, you must always carry yourself formally when representing the school.

• Formerly = something that occurred at an earlier date; previously. Formerly, people thought the sun revolved around the Earth.


Council & Counsel• Council = group called together to accomplish

a job. The council advised the virtuoso to go to Julliard.

• Counsel = noun means advice. He needs legal counsel in the matter. As a verb, counsel means to give advice. He was counseled not to make glib remarks to the teacher.


Capital & Capitol• Capital = city or the location of government.

The capital of Hawai’i is on O’ahu. • Capitol = building or statehouse. The capitol

has a golden dome on the top.


Already & All ready• Already = previously and is a prep. We have

already digressed from the topic.• All ready = adjective and means all prepared

or in readiness. The muse is all ready to go on stage.

Almost Right (but not quite…) – 11/30

• No such thing as irregardless; it’s regardless.• Never say, “The reason is because…”; instead

say, “The reason is that…”• Could of/Should of/Would of is wrong; replace

“of” with “have.”


Eminent & Imminent• Eminent = distinguished or lofty• Imminent = will happen in any minute


Reign & Rein• Rein = something worn by an animal (i.e.

horse)• Reign = this means to rule


All right & Alright• All right = as an adj. it means safe & sound as

an adv. it means yes & very well• Alright = is actually incorrect and shouldn’t be

used in formal writing


Whole & Hole• Whole = is the total of something• Hole = something you did in the ground.

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