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Saramma Mathew Slide 2 Scientific temper describes an attitude which involves the application of logic and the avoidance of bias and preconceived notions. Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 Yamuna Krishnan Slide 6 India is a traditional society wherein production and development is based on tradition, experience trial & error.. A dynamic society is one in which the benefits of technology is freely available to the entire (nation) society. Scientific temper loosens the bonds of dogmatism and does away with the negative forces in the way of social progress such as superstition, fatalism and passive resignation "To develop scientific temper" is one of the fundamental duties of the Indian citizens, according to the Constitution of India Slide 7 Slide 8 Analysis It is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. Analytical thinking calls for the ability to: Recognize problems, to find workable means for solving those problems Understand the importance of prioritization Gather relevant information Recognize unstated assumptions and values Interpret data, to appraise evidence and evaluate arguments Recognize the existence of logical relationships between propositions Slide 9 Slide 10 Rationality is the exercise of reason. It is the manner in which people derive conclusions when considering things deliberately. It also refers to the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons for belief, or with one's actions with one's reasons for action. A rational decision is one that is not just reasoned, but is also optimal for achieving a goal or solving a problem. Individuals or organizations are called rational if they make optimal decisions in pursuit of their goals, for example, of a rational allocation of resources, or of a rational corporate strategy. Slide 11 Slide 12 Empirical approach: The word empirical denotes information gained by means of observation or experimentation. Empirical data are data produced by an experiment or observation. A central concept in modern science and the scientific method is that all evidence must be empirical, or empirically based, that is, dependent on evidence or consequences that are observable by the senses. Scientific statements are subject to, and derived from, our experiences or observations. Slide 13 Slide 14 Inductive reasoning, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories, also known as induction or inductive logic, it is a kind of reasoning that evaluates observations of individual instances and makes generalizations based on individual instances. In this sense it is often contrasted with deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is also known as hypothesis construction because any conclusions made are based on educated predictions. Slide 15 Slide 16 Problem solving: It is a mental process which is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping. Considered the most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills. Problem solving occurs when an intelligent individual moves from a given state to a desired goal state Slide 17 Slide 18 An Open Mind: It is the willingness to consider or receive new and different ideas. It means being flexible and adaptive to new experiences and ideas. Cultivating an open mind is another valuable outcome of critical thinking and reasoning. People who are open-minded are willing to change their views when presented with new facts and evidence. Those who are not, and are resistant to change and will find life less rewarding and satisfying, not to mention dull. Slide 19