Sarah L. Booth, Ph.D. Associate Director and Senior Scientist · people advance into old age.”...
Transcript of Sarah L. Booth, Ph.D. Associate Director and Senior Scientist · people advance into old age.”...
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Sarah L. Booth, Ph.D. Associate Director and Senior Scientist
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30 years ago, the HNRCA came into existence
because the US Congress found that...
“...there is evidence of a relationship between
nutrition and many of the leading causes of death in
the U.S.; that improved nutrition is an integral
component of preventive health care; that there is a
serious need for research on the effects of diet and
degenerative diseases and related disorders.”
The HNRCA’s mission is to find ways that nutrition promotes healthy aging and prevents chronic diseases.
About the HNRCA
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• Cancer--41 billion dollars treatment cost/y (1995)
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Cataract & Macular Degeneration
• Dementia--5.1 M at a cost of $172 billion
• Diabetes--65 billion in health care expense in 2007
• Infection
• Osteoporosis--$19 billion annual cost of falls
• Sarcopenia
Largest research center in the world studying nutrition and healthy & active aging 270 scientists, trainees and staff 17 research labs covering a wide range of nutrition and age-related topics Collaboration between USDA and Tufts University Our research impacts nutritional recommendations and requirements, public policy, and clinical healthcare
About the HNRCA
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20
20002030 (projected)
The increase in the number of Americans over the age of 65
12% 20%
It is estimated that by 2050, there will be 395 million people living to be 80 years old.
US Census Bureau
World Health Organization
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Lab science 14-story research facility in downtown
Boston
Outreach of research
What we do
Volunteer studies
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At least 170 scientific publications yearly
Community engagement
730 media mentions in 2013
Our Impact
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Translating our research to the public...
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Lobby Garden My Plate Fit-4-Life Talk and Taste
Community Outreach
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Issues impacting quality of life in older adults
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• Cancer--41 billion dollars treatment cost/y (1995)
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Cataract & Macular Degeneration
• Dementia--5.1 M at a cost of $172 billion
• Diabetes--65 billion in health care expense in 2007
• Infection
• Osteoporosis--$19 billion annual cost of falls
• Sarcopenia
Annual
health care
spending
Obesity- $147 billion (2008) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity
Falls- $28.2 billion in 2010 dollars. cost of fatal and nonfatal fall injuries ( National Council on Aging)
Eye- At a cost of $139 billion in 2013, eye disorders and vision loss (Prevent Blindness Organization via National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)
Cancer- Total costs $216.6 billion (2009, National Institutes of Health
Diabetes- total costs of diagnosed ($245 billion in 2012, The American Diabetes Association
INfectious Diseases- 34B Infectious Diseases Society of America
CVD- In 2010, the total costs of cardiovascular diseases in the United States were estimated to be $444 billion, CDC
Dementia- monetary cost of dementia in the United States ranges from $157 billion to $215 billion The New England
Journal of Medicine, v. 368, no. 14, Apr. 2013, p. 1326-1334
$216B (2009)
$444B (2010)
$139B (2013)
$215B (2013)
$245B (2012)
$28.8B (fatal and non fatal, 2010)
$147B (2008)
Proper nutrition contributes to deterring these conditions.
$34B (treating) (2012)
125 250 375 500
Cancer
CVD
Eye diseases
Dementia
Diabetes
Infectious Diseases
Falls
Obesity
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A significant portion of older population in USA have nutritional problems exhibited as both under-nutrition (micronutrient deficiencies) and over-nutrition (obesity).
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Compromised micronutrient status/intake observed in older adults in the USA
Vitamin D
Calcium
Vitamin E
B12
B6
Folate
Zinc
Selenium
Iron
bone and muscle strength, etc.
protects cells from free radical damage
nerve and blood health
cell division
immune system
fights infection
oxygen transport
bone and muscle strength
metabolism
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Modification of extrinsic factors
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WEIGHT
The problem
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity
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WEIGHT
When you eat may be as important as what you eat.
Mediterranean diet
Restaurant calorie counts are inaccurate
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Increased fiber intake can decrease appetite
Consuming yogurt can reduce weight gain over time.
(The iDiet)
Effects of sleep on weight loss
WEIGHT
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MUSCLE AND BONE FUNCTION
The problem
National Council on Aging
Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury among older adults.
Falling is not an inevitable result of aging.
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MUSCLE & BONE FUNCTION
Consume neutral or alkaline food for better bone density.
Eat vitamin K.
Importance of vitamin D/calcium in falls and osteoporosis
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Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory
Committee Report, 2008
“Strong consistent observational evidence indicates that mid-life and older adults who participate in regular physical activity have reduced risk of moderate or severe functional limitations and role limitations (disability).”
•“Future research needs to focus on large-scale well-designed trials to ascertain whether physical activity programs can prevent disability and role limitations as people advance into old age.” 2008 US Dept. of Health and Human Services
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MUSCLE & BONE FUNCTION
Female 70 yrs.
BMI = 23.3
Female 85 yrs.
BMI = 24.6
Sarcopenia:
Age-associated loss in
muscle mass and
function
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MUSCLE & BONE FUNCTION
The LIFE STUDY
A structured moderate intensity physical activity program, compared with a health education program, reduced major mobility disability over 2.6 years among older adults at risk of disability
a total of 1,635 recruits included in final study
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MUSCLE & BONE FUNCTION
Weekly: Do150 min. of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity or 75 min of vigorous intensity aerobic activity.
Lift weights (all major muscle groups) at least 2 times a week to retain muscle.
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HEART HEALTH
The problem
National Council on Aging
A common problem related to aging is “hardening of the arteries,” called arteriosclerosis.
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Try eating an oily fish twice a week instead of fish oil pills.
Have plenty of fiber.
HEART HEALTH
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COGNITION
The problem
All aging humans will develop some degree of decline in cognitive capacity as time progresses.
Piperhoff P et al. Deformation field morphometry reveals age-related structural
differences between the brains of adults up to 51 years. J Neurosci. 2008 Jan
23;28(4):828-42.
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The effects of blueberries and strawberries on neurocognition
Concord grape juice may enhance cognitive function.
COGNITION
Increase folate, B6 and B12 consumption to deter dementia.
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VISION
The problem
Most of the aged will confront age related vision problems with compromises to quality of life.
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Lower your glycemic index.
Lutein-rich foods can decrease risk of AMD and cataracts.
VISION
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INFECTION & IMMUNE-RELATED DISEASES
The problem
The immune system is one function of the body profoundly affected by aging.
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Wolfberry or goji berry and possible flu protection
White mushrooms and food-born pathogens
Cranberries prevent UTIs
INFECTION & IMMUNE-RELATED DISEASES
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Things to look for in the future in nutrition and aging...
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developing diets that complement genetic makeup
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Neurobiology of aging
nutritional modification of stem cells to repair the aged brain
leading to possible Alzheimer's cures
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Circadian rhythm of clock genes
basing food intake on a personalized clock to deter obesity and chronic diseases
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Gut microbiome
impacts on cancer, infection,
inflammation, weight control
How diets impact gut microbiota:
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D2d trial
Does vitamin D supplementation
help prevent or delay type 2
diabetes?
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“Eat and sleep and you will live a long time...You have to learn to relax.”
- Misao Okawa, turned 116 in 2014
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Sarah L. Booth, Ph.D. Associate Director and Senior Scientist
Questions?
Thank you