Sapoty Brook

B E Y O N D O I L

Electric Bicycles

Sapoty Brook BSc BEE MSc

Beyond Oil PTY LTD

www.beyond-oil.comSold 1,400 ebikes Australia-wide.

Electric bikes were completely unstable until prescribed lithium, but now they are depressed because the charge is so high..

Show of Hands....

Who has an electric bicycle?

China sells 30 million ebikes a year, about 95% in the Asia Pacific (mostly in China)

The rest of the world sells 4 million ebikes a year

In the Netherlands one in every 3 bikes sold is an ebike.

I’m going talk about conversions, batteries, how ebikes work, and a range prices of ebikes and etrikes.

Who’s ridden an ebike (an electric bicycle)?

Zero Emission Bicycles?

e-bikes are:

● 18 times more energy

efficient than an SUV

● 13 times more energy

efficient than a sedan

● 6 times more energy

efficient than a train

An ebike charged by fossil

electricity has about the same

carbon footprint as the extra

food required to ride an ordinary

push bike.

Want to convert your bike to electric?

Conversion kits sell from as little as $200 with NO

BATTERY.

The battery is generally NOT included in the

conversion kit and is more expensive than the

conversion kit.

Front wheel installation is easiest and does not

interfere with your gears BUT increases the

unsprung weight on the front suspension.

A Rear Wheel kit usually comes with an old

fashioned free wheel cogset.

Conversion Kits can be Messy

Ugly and Vulnerable Exposed

Cables

Accumulation of dirt

Water ingress

Kit with a battery is $450

minimum.

BUT for $250 more...

You can get a neat, purpose

built, ebike from $700

minimum

(higher prices bring higher

quality, of course)

Battery Attachment Styles

BMS

Battery

Management

System

Cell Pack

24, 36, or 48 V

Under Rear Rack: high c of g

On Seat Tube: sturdy On Down Tube: compact In Down Tube: discrete

Care of Lithium

Batteries

● For long-term storage, discharge to 80% full, and top up every 6 months.

● Avoid black bike batteries and park in the shade.

● Exposure to 40oC weather can reduce the cycle life.

● Store batteries in a secure, cool, well ventilated, dry environment, below 25oC.

Types of Lithium Batteries

Safety: Thermal Runaway Temperature

Value: Cycle Life

Currently Established Lithium Battery Types

● LCO Lithium-Cobalt Oxide Battery 150C 500-1000 High Energy

● NMC Lithium-Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Battery (210C 1000-2000) High Energy

● LMO Lithium-Manganese Oxide Battery (250C 300-700) Lower Energy (Common ebike battery)● LFP Lithium-Iron Phosphate Battery (270C 1000-2000) (bit higher failure rate) Lower Energy, Safe Solar.

● LTO Lithium-Titanate Battery (No Runaway 3000-7000), Very fast charge/discharge, Heavy battery.

Prices for a 36 V 11 Ah ebike battery range from $250 to $700.

Battery Pricing

Folding ebike 36 V 11 Ah Pedelec$750-$2000

A Pedelec in Australia is an ebike

which has an electric motor that

is activated by turning the pedals

and the motor does not provide

power over 25 kph.

A walking throttle is allowed for

walking beside the bike, and hill

starts.

City MTB 36 V 11 Ah

Pedelec $1000-$2000

Motor

Mid Drive Motor

Motor power goes through the gears.

$1550-$2800

Motor

$6000 Mid Drive Ebike.

Carbon fiber frame

Speed sensing

Torque sensing

How the Electrics Work

Battery

Controller

Motor &

Hall

Sensors

WheelWheelChain & Gears

Pedals

Brakes

Throttle

(Accelerator)

Speed

Sensor

Pedal

Sensor

Display &

Buttons

Torque

Sensor

Gear Shift

Sensor

WHEEL MOTOR MID DRIVE MOTOR

Full suspension bike

250 W

1 KWh battery

100 km range

Melbourne

Exporting

Full Suspension Mid Drive Fat ebike $3900 minimum

Rear Motor Fat ebike $2000 minimum

Fat eBikes

Upright etrike: Benefit of low

speed stability $1600 minimum

Recumbent Trike Kit $2650

Width of trike is not much more than bike, but has no sway..

● Mid Drive Motor

● Mid frame Suspension

● Optional Dual Battery

● ...my favourite.

Assembled $2950

● low speed, cornering, and wind

buffet stability,

● rough terrain drivability (without

going over the handlebars),

● precise road positioning,

● higher speed with low frontal drag.

My Solar Trike Evolution1996

2012

2015

2016

2015

201

12016

Question:

Why do governments keep 4 wheeled bicycles illegal?

Outdated protectionism of cars?

Could the Climate Emergency justify acceptance of quadricycles with

a width limit (1 m) and speed limit (30 kph)?

I hope that has given you a wider idea of what is available in the world of electric

bicycles.

About

Lithium

Recycling

Lithium recycled from batteries is currently 5x more expensive that new

lithium.

Copper, nickel, and cobalt will be recycled from Lithium batteries in the

future.

There are already a couple of companies doing recycling of lithium

batteries in Australia.

The world’s largest known single lithium reserve is at Greenbushes in

WA and has been operational for over 25 years.

3700 W

Off Road

Speed Pedelec

45 kph max

Licence plate required

$13600 in Germany.

Dave Martin

T R U E W H E E L C Y C L E S