final ebikes project.docx

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Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city A Research project Submitted to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar In partial fulfilment of the requirement of degree of Masters In Business Administration Submitted by:-Anterpreet kaur Roll no-1335802 Department of Business Management Punjab College of Technical Education, Ludhiana 1

Transcript of final ebikes project.docx

Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city

A Research projectSubmitted toPunjab Technical University, Jalandhar

In partial fulfilment of the requirement of degree ofMasters In Business Administration

Submitted by:-Anterpreet kaurRoll no-1335802

Department of Business ManagementPunjab College of Technical Education, LudhianaSession 2013-15

CERTIFICATE I

This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation entitled Project on the consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city submitted for the degree of M.B.A., in the subject of Marketing of the Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, is a bonafide research work carried out by Anterpreet kaur bhangu (university Roll No. 1335804) under my supervision and that no part of this thesis/dissertation has been submitted for any other degree.

Anterpreet kaur bhangu Major Advisor1335802 Mr. Aman Sood Faculty, PCTE

CERTIFICATE-II

This is to certify that the research project report entitled,:- Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city submitted by Anterpreet kaur bhangu(University Roll number- 1335802) to the Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, in the partial fulfilment of MBA has been approved by the students Advisory Committee after the oral examination on the same in the collaboration with the external examiner.

Major Advisor External examinerMr. Aman SoodFaculty, PCTE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the successful completion of this project inspiration and guidance of many people was involved. A mere form of acknowledgement would be demeaning the status of this whole effort, which has had the blessings, and supervision of the eminent person around me.First of all I would like to thank whole-heartedly Almighty God for bestowing me with all favourable circumstances and keeping me in high spirits and I express my sincere thanks to Mr Aman Sood who was there to guide me at every step during the course of this project. He gave me tips for the improvement in project whenever required. Apart from this I feel indebted to all faculty members of PCTE, especially who have helped, developed the right kind of attitude and scholastic excellence in me. Last but not the least; I am very thankful to my parents, friends and all those persons who made this research project possible, for their consistent guidance and constructive criticism.

Anterpreet kaur bhanguMBA 2013-151335802

Title of the project : Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city

Name of the student : Anterpreet kaur bhangu

University roll no : 1335802

Name of the major advisor : Mr.Aman sood

Name of the college : Punjab College of Technical Education

Degree to be awarded : Master of Business Administration

Year of award of degree : 2013-2015

Name of the university : Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar

Total pages of the Report : 68ABSTRACT

The study entitled The consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city:-For doing this major project proper methodology and objectives were set to conduct the survey. The research design is descriptive and data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Various tools were used to analyze the data. The survey was conducted through sampling in the selected city of Punjab. With this study it was analyzed that in Ludhiana people are very much particular about their brand as TV ads also make an impact on buying behaviour

Signature of major advisor Signature of student

Table of ContentsCHAPTERTitlePage Number

1.Introduction I. Introduction to studyII. History of ebikes in IndiaIII. E-bike industry in IndiaIV. Company profile V. Objective of the Study

9-34

2.Research Methodology2.1 Research Design2.2 Data Collection2.3 Sample Design2.2.1 Universe2.2.2 Population2.2.3 Sample Size2.2.5 Sampling Technique

35-37

3Review Of literature38-43

4.Data Interpretation44-59

5.5.1Findings

5.2 Suggestions

5.3 Conclusion

60-61

6.Limitation of study62

7References63

8.Questionnaire64-68

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT

Marketing:It is defined by the American marketing association as the activity, set ofinstitutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market, ass in shopping, or going to a market to sell goods or services.Awareness:It is a term referring to the ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious ofevents, objects or patterns, which does not necessarily imply understanding. Inbiological psychology, awareness comprises a humans or an animalsperception and cognitive reaction to a condition or event.

E-BIKE:An Electric Bike or Scooter is a battery operated vehicle that is very economical with low maintenance cost and zero pollution. Electric two wheelers use the electrical technology of rechargeable battery that converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy. The battery of an EV can be charged easily using apower connection. There are many possible types of electric motorized bicycles with several technologies available, varying in cost and complexity; direct-drive and geared motor units are both used. An electric power-assist system may be added to almost any pedal cycle using chain drive, belt drive, hub motors orfriction drive. The power levels of motors used are influenced by available legal categories and are often limited to fewer than 700 watts. Electric bicycles use rechargeable batteries, electric motors and some form of control. This can be as simple as an on-off switch but is more usually an electronic pulse width modulation control. Electric bicycles developed in Switzerland in the late 1980s for the Tour de Sol solar vehicle race came with solar charging stations but these were later fixed on roofs and connected so as to feed into the electric mains. The bicycles were then charged from the mains, as is common today. Battery systems in use include lead-acid, Ni C d, Ni MH and Li-ion batteries .Electric motorized bicycles can be power-on-demand, where the motor is activated by a handlebar mounted throttle, and/or a peddle (from pedal electric), also known as electric assist, where the electric motor is regulated bypedalling. These have a sensor to detect the pedalling speed, the pedalling force, or both. An electronic controller provides assistance as a function of the sensorinputs, the vehicle speed and the required force. Most controllers also provide for manual adjustment. Range is a key consideration with electric bikes, and is affected by factors such as motor efficiency, battery capacity, efficiency of the driving electronics, aerodynamics, hills and weight of the bike and rider. The range of an electricbike is usually stated as somewhere between 7 km (uphill on electric poweronly) to 70 km (minimum assistance) and is highly dependent on whether or not he bike is tested on flat roads or hills.[14] Some manufacturers, such as the Canadian B ion X or American E+ (manufactured by Electric Motion Systems),have the option of using regenerative braking, the motor acts as a generator to slow the bike down prior to the brake pads engaging.[15] This is useful forextending the range and the life of brake pads and wheel rims. There are also experiments using fuel cells. E .g. the PHB. Some experiments have also been undertaken with super capacitors to supplement or replace batteries for cars and some SUVSThe energy costs of operating electric bicycles are small, but there can be considerable battery replacement costs. Riding an electric bicycle to work or to the store instead of taking a car has long term financial gains. Solar power ispossible when charging an electric bicycle.

WHY E-Bikes:Global warming is a major concern all around and to save Mother Earth, the rare several policies, promises and pledges. With the ever increasing emission ofgreenhouse gases, there is an increased fear of environment pollution at every step. With modern technology and innovation, transportation and communication have undergone a paradigm shift. Along with this, we are also experiencing the negative effects of industrialization in the form of global warming. Under these circumstances, when there are traffic jams, when you need to run an errand at an odd hour of the day, when you need to go to work place quickly, you stumble and fumble as there are so many vehicles emitting soot and CO2 polluting the air incessantly.With increased number offossil-fuel dependent vehicles, they not only add to greater level of pollution but are also leading to depletion of fuel resource. It is here that automobile companies felt the need to innovate motorized vehicle that will get charged through electricity and will not be depending on fossil fuels. This led to expansion of eco-friendly initiatives and many automobile manufacturing companies invested in research and development to bring for the electric bikes that will help people save a few bucks by reducing consumption of already spiralling fuel price, besides fighting global warming.Most electricbikes are emission-free bikes and this is the USP of the companys manufacturing them in these days of global warming. It will not add to urban pollution. The only thing required is to keep this bike charged with a battery Electric bike manufacturing is considered as a grass root movement away from fossil fuels. Definitely, electric bikes are not the only answer to our environment problem,but it definitely will help us to treat environment better. These electric bikes will not make pollution worse and that makes e bikes environmentally safe vehicle .It can be charged with the help of inverter and generator too. In one charge, these electric bikes can go up to 50km and has no tail pipe emissions. It also makes no noise while under operation. The best part of electric vehicles is that they can be run with no registration and license. In the manufacture and production of electric bikes, the main constraint is thebattery in the bumpy roads.Batteries get deteriorated at a fast rate due to excessive current fluctuation. Batteries need frequent replacement and that is the greatest concern for the most Indian companies who manufacture these electric bikes. The replacement cost of the batteries hover around Rs. 5000, but otherwise the maintenance cost of electric bikes is almost negligible .There is a growing market potential of electric bikes in India; however, speed might not be the attractive feature of these e-bikes, they will cater you to run the short distances maybe home to office or home to college; but these are safervehicles with benefit of almost no pollution. So instead of kicking a 100 cc motorbike, just press the start button of electric bike and vroom your way friendly on the roads. It is evident that electric bikes can reduce the air pollution. But there are also some environmental problems caused due to these electric bikes. Disposal ofworn out batteries can be a cause of major concern for environmentalists. If this can be addressed, electric bikes can definitely reduce environment pollution.

Features of Electric Bikes and Scooters:Electric bikes or scooters, light in weight, trendy, efficient and eco-friendly, arebecoming potent alternative to the conventional two-wheelers and the Electric two-wheeler industry in India is developing at rapid speed. Have a look at the unavoidable advantages of Electric Bikes and Scooters :

Licence and registration is not required for E Bikes and Scooters.

Electric two wheelers run on re-chargeable battery and uses electricity as fuel in place of conventional Petrol/Diesel.

E Bikes and Scooters can beat the rising prices of Petrol/Diesel.

Simple design, light weight and economical Electric vehicles are very low in running and maintenance cost.

With the ease of handling, Electric two wheelers save the commuting time in congested roads especially in urban areas.

Electric vehicles are more efficient in terms of generating usable energy from their electric engine's battery in comparison to the regular fuel conversion. In this way E Bikes and Scooters are innovative and efficient mode of personal transport.

Electric bikes or scooters use electricity therefore no emission of harmful gases like Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Major Components of an Electric Bike or Scooter:

ELECTRIC HUB MOTORto drive the rear wheel directly and there are two types of Electric Hub Motor i.e. DC Brush Motor and DC Brush less motorhaving two basic parts namely Permanent Magnet Stator and Wound Rotor.

ELECTRONIC MOTORCONTROLLERis the central controlling unit ofany Electric two wheelers provides electric power to the motor based on inputs from the accelerator.

ELECTRONIC ACCELERATORsends electronic signals to the Electronic Motor Controller to manoeuvre the bike or scooter.

BATTERY PACKis like the fuel tank of E Bike or Scooter. There are different kinds of batteries like Lead Acid, Nickel Metal Hydrate (Ni-MH),Lithium, etc. that are used for supplying energy.

BATTERY CHARGERis used to charge the battery pack of E Bikes orScooters, just like a mobile phone or a laptop. Some battery chargers are in-built and some are separate that carried always on the move. The charger converts an AC supply to DC to store power in the battery and it can be used with any normal domestic AC plug point. This makes charging of battery pack easy and convenient.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY:Most People are not aware of how long electric bicycles have been around you might think its something new since the recent fuel shortage and cost spikes we all hate, or even because of Global Warming and the whole go green awareness. But not true although it might be one reason for their recent surge in popularity also the technology has improved 10 fold. In the 1890s, electric bicycles were documented within various U.S. patents. For example, on 31 December 1895 Ogden Bolton Jr. was granted U.S. Patent 552,271 for a battery-poweredbicycle with 6-pole brush-and-commutator direct current (DC) hub motormounted in the rear wheel. There were no gears and the motor could draw up to 100 amperes (A) from a 10-V battery.Two years later, in 1897, Hosea W. Libbey of Boston invented an electricbicycle (U.S. Patent 596,272) that was propelled by a double electric motor.The motor was designed within the hub of the crankshaft axle. This model was later re-invented and imitated in the late 1990s by Giant La free electric bi cycles. By 1898 a rear wheel drive electric bicycle, which used a driving belt along the outside edge of the wheel was patented by Mathew J. Steffens. Also, the 1899U.S. Patent 627,066 by John Schnepf depicted a rear wheel friction roller-wheel style drive electric bicycle.Schnepf's invention was later re-examined and expanded in 1969 by G.A. Wood Jr. with his U.S. Patent 3,431,994.Woods device used 4 fractional horsepower motors; each rated less than horsepower and connected through a series of gears. Torque sensors and power controls were developed in the late 1990s. Forexample, Takada Yutky of Japan filed a patent in 1997 for such a device. In1992 Vector Services Limited offered and sold an electric bicycle dubbed Zike.The bicycle included Nickel-cadmium batteries that were built into a frame member and included an 850 g permanent-magnet motor. Despite the Zike, in1992 hardly any commercial electric bicycles were available. It wasnt until1998 when there were at least 49 different bikes. Production grew from 1993 to2004 by an estimated 35%. By Contrast, according to Gardner, in 1995 regularbicycle production decreased from its peak 107 million units. Some of the less expensive electric bicycles used bulky lead acid batteries, whereas newermodels generally used NiMH, NiCd and/or Li-ion batteries which offered lighter, denser capacity batteries. The end benefits usually varied from manufacturer; however, in general there was an increase in range and speed. By2004 electric bicycles where manufactured by Currie Technologies, EV Global,Optibike, Giante Lite, Merida, ZAP.Electric bicycles are very common in many cities of eastern China, such asYangzhou; in some areas they may outnumber motorcycles or regular bicyclesBy 2001 the terms, E-Bikes, power bike, pedelec, assisted bicycle and power-assisted bicycle where commonly used to describe electric bicycles. E-bike ,according to Google, is a term that has increased in trend. This term generally referred to an electric bicycle which used a throttle. The terms Electric Motorbike or E-Motorbike have been used to describe more powerful models which attain up to 80 km/h. PEDEGO Electric Bicycles are taking the nation by storm, offering a stylish, and colourful electric bikes that use a throttle control for power.In a parallel hybrid motorized bicycle, such as the aforementioned 1897invention by Hosea W. Libbey, human and motor inputs are mechanically coupled either in the bottom bracket, the rear or the front wheel, whereas in a(mechanical) series hybrid cycle, the human and motor inputs are coupled through differential gearing. In an (electronic) series hybrid cycle, human poweris converted into electricity and is fed directly into the motor and mostly additional electricity is supplied from a battery.Pedelec is a European term that generally referred to an electric bicycle that incorporated a torque and/or a speed sensor and/or a power controller that delivered a proportionate level of assist and only ran when the rider pedalled.On the opposite side, a Noped is a term used by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario for similar type vehicles which do not have pedals or in which thepedals have been removed from their motorized bicycle. Finally, Assist Bicycle is the technical term used to describe such a vehicle and Power-Assisted Bicycle is used in the Canadian Federal Legislation, but is carefully defined to only apply to electric motor assist, and specifically excludes internal combustion engines (though this is not the case in the United States).Today, China is the world's leading producer of electric bicycles. According tothe data of the China Bicycle Association, a government-chartered industry group, in 2004 China's manufacturers sold 7.5 million electric bicycles nationwide, which was almost twice the year 2003 sales; domestic sales reached10 million in 2005, and 16 to 18 million in 2006. By 2007, electric bicycles were thought to make up 10 to 20 percent of all two-wheeled vehicles on the streets of many major cities. A typical unit requires 8 hours to charge thebattery, which provides the range of 2530 miles (4050 km), at the speed ofaround 20 km/h.A large number of such vehicles is exported from China as well (3 million units,worth 40 billion yuan ($5.8 billion), in the year 2006 alone)We are looking at practical and true figures of current Indian markets. Current year 2009-10 will end up with Indian total e-bikes sales at 120K bikes. Every year market is expected to rise initially by 100% and then by 200%. Lots ofbikes we will see on the road in coming 5 years, just like bicycles and petrol scooters. As people started accepting the technology and limitations of e-bikes,a definite positive trends has started now. Due to collective efforts by manufacturers, Ads, PRs, dealership networks hard work, people accepting e-bikes in a middle segment between bicycle and petrol scooter. If you see both ends i.e. bicycles and petrol bikes are showing very attractive sales figures. The middle segment of e-bikes has turned now to enter in the high growth curve .Electric Bikes companies are highly optimistic about the e-bikes future. According to a survey India may surpass china in numbers of e-bikes sale by 6-8 years. Indian manufacturers of electric bikes, or e-bikes, are gearing up for what they call a second wave of growth for these plug and play bikes. They say they are on the verge of launching faster versions of their bikes and this would blunt the edge of traditional two-wheeler bikes in the country. Electric bikes operate on achargeable battery and do not require petrol to operate. All the e-bikes today do not require registration or license. This means they have to follow certain statutory norms that specify that the speed of such two-wheelers should not be more than 25kmph.Some of the e- bikes companies are now all set to launch a new e-bikethat would have an engine of 750 watts, compared with 250 watt engines that existing e-bikes have. It would require registration and license to ride and the average speed would be 35-40 km ph. This would help explode the demand fore-bikes in India, says Avinash Bhandari, director of Ahmedabad-based Electro therm (India) Ltd one of the major Electric bikes manufacturers, He saysThe real game would begin when we launch our high powered engine e-bike tocompete with TVS Scooty Pep+ and Honda Activa. Citing the reason for the new models, Bhandari said that potential buyers were apprehensive as theybelieved that a scooter has to look like a scooter and must carry more weight at higher speeds. To a common user, performance and affordability is important.It does not matter what fuel is being used or no fuel is being used, he added.Ganesh Mahalingam, managing director of Ultra Motors Co., another entity that manufactures e-bike in joint venture with Hero Electric of Hero Cycles group, says that they too are working on a faster electric vehicle that would have a 6speed of about 50-70kmph. It would take us six more months but rememberthat the electric bike market has come of age only in last six months as, un like in the west where e-bike is a lifestyle product and for some an environment friendly technology, in India it is an economical mode of transportation .Primarily it is an aam admi(common man) vehicle as it is 10 times cheaper to operate an electric two-wheeler that the traditional petrol bike, Mahalingam said.Hero Cycles Ltd, like Electro therm, launched its range of Hero electric ultra-powered electric two-wheelers in seven variants of e-bikes and e-scootersbranded as Hero Electric and priced between Rs14,300 and Rs19,000. The e-scooters are in the range of Rs22,000-28,000. With no organized body to represent these manufacturers, industry players guess that there are between 75and 80 players manufacturing e-bikes in India. Still, key hurdles remain for the e-bike industry. One of the major issues is that many small players are flooding the markets with a product that doesnt meet statutory requirements. They are not supposed to have a speed of over 25kmph,but many do as they use a motor of higher capacity. Some of them launch theirvehicle and also give warranty but do not have adequate dealer or service network. They also do not have spare parts. All this creates a very negative image in the minds of people and can badly affect the growth of this industry in the medium and long run, claims Bhandari. Electric bike manufactures are hoping that the creation of a strong dealernetwork and service support will help make a dent in the conventional two-wheeler market.

INDUSTRY PROFILE:The face of auto industry that was redefined with the invention of fuel-efficient four-stroke engine technology is all set to see dawn of a new era in two-wheelerindustry. It's not petrol or diesel or any other fuel, but its electricity that have initiated a revolution in two-wheeler industry in India. Indian two-wheeler industry has embraced the new concept of Electric Bikes and Scooters that are very popular mode of personal transport in the developed countries like America, Japan and China. With the rising cost of fuel at International and national level, increasing levels of pollution and congestion in transport system specially in Urban areas, higher running and maintenance cost of vehicle, the electrically charged bikes or scooters have very bright future in area of personal transportation.

It is estimated that Indias fossil fuel dependency on other countries currently from 70% to 82% in 2012. If we can have three laky Electric Vehicles on the roads by 2020, including three-wheelers, cars, and scooters, this could result in a reduction of over 16 laky metric tons of CO, NOx and HC by 2020, savings of over Rs 3,700 crore in foreign exchange and significant health costs savings Economic conditions around the world have been very encouraging. Global growth is increasing year by year .While the Chinese economy is growing at around 10% without any signs of slow down; the Indian economy is also continuing to grow at more than 8%. In the coming years, and Indian economy will be booming owing to the heavy demand on infrastructure. Energy sector is growing by leaps and bounds as it is receiving the highest attention ofboth the State Governments and Central Government. India has moved from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy. The manufacturing sector now contributes around one-fourth of the total GDP and the industrial output has now crossed USD 65 Billion in value. Global steelproduction is continuing its growth. In spite of some control measures adoptedby Chinese Government the crude steel registered an impressive growth and has crossed 450 million tons. India is also witnessing a huge growth in steelproduction and it is expected that steel industry will continue to grow by more than 12% per annum.Sustainable economic growth of India as well as rest of the world will depend on effective energy planning. Nearly 40% of the worlds energy comes from petroleum. Natural gas contributes to another 20% and these two natural resources account for 60% of the worlds energy. The growth in consumption ofoil and natural gas in the past has been such that the consumption has been doubling every 15 years. This trend is likely to continue and will lead to complete depletion of natural resources in next 30 years. It is significant to note that more than 20% of the worlds total primary energy is consumed in transportation. There are more than 410 million cars currently in the world and in another 20 years the automobile population will reach one billion marks. It is also significant to note that after 1970 the new oil discoveries have been very few and any new discoveries will not make any significant contribution to the worlds energy pool.

Transportation sector which consumes a large share of energy resource of the country also contributes significantly towards pollution. So the main mission is to provide vehicles which are emission free, which do not use petroleumproducts and which are inexpensive to acquire and operate. Our launch ofbattery operated Bikes have been highly successful and hero is now developing several new vehicles for the Indian market. Our launch in India has developed interest for our vehicles for international market also and in the future we willbe exporting these vehicles to other countries. It will continue to provide leadership in this segment by delivering innovative, cost effective, practical and environmental friendly electric vehicles. Economic and environmental forces are frequently pitted against each otherand many a times the financial cost of environmentally friendly technologies and goods is so high that one has to strike a balance or look for Government subsidies. Our Electric Vehicles are unique in this aspect as they are not only economical but also environment friendly

COMPANY PROFILE

Hero ElectricA pioneer and Market leader in the Indian Electric Two-Wheeler industry with its state-art-manufacturing facility at Ludhiana and Corporate office at Delhi. HERO Electric entered the Electric two-wheeler segment after 12 years of extensive research in the EV segment with its wide range of electric two-wheelers. HERO Electric is the Market Leader in the category, with a strong network of more than 300 Exclusive Sales and Service outlets across the country and is leading a revolution in Electric Mobility with more than 1 Lac happy customers.HERO Electric has aligned itself with the positioning based on the ecological and a socially responsible platform with the objective of making the country greener and to be the best in Zero pollution transportation in the country through its wide range of Electric Vehicles. HERO Electric is a pioneer and market leader in the Indian Electric Two- Wheeler Industry which provides Eco-friendly and Cost-effective mode of personalized transportation with its diverse range of Electric Two-Wheelers.HERO Electric offers a wide range of High Range and High Speed Electric Two-Wheelers manufactured in its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility at Ludhiana and has a widespread network of Exclusive Sales and Service outlets across the country.

Being a pioneer, HERO Electric has a number of first only initiatives to its credit like: The only Electric Vehicles Manufacturer in India to launch the unique concept of Charging Stations for Anywhere, Everywhere Charging with in-house design and development. Only Electric Vehicle Manufacturer to launch first-of-its kind Electric Bike Door Step Service branded as Electric Bike Assistance (EBA) for Electric 2-Wheelers for Anywhere, Everywhere Service. With an in-house research and design centre for development and invention of New Greener & Innovative Technologies, HERO Electric has introduced first of its kind innovative technologies like the Range Extender, Personal Charger, Charging Stations, Easy Wheels etc. Founded and constituted the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV), the global representative body of Indian EV Industry comprising of members from the Electric Four/ Three/ Two-Wheeler and Auto Components Industry.

MotorBLDC motors are a type of synchronous motor which is assisted by Hall sensor at throttle grip. The powerful Torque generated by these motors is interplay of magnetic field generated by Rare Earth Permanent magnets and electromagnets on the motor.This motor controlled by state-of-the-art embedded system technology coupled with reliable power electronics gives the rider a smooth riding experience with a high starting capability and ability to climb high gradients.Features - Simple construction - Ease of control - High dynamic response - High efficiency - High reliability - Noiseless operation - Better speed Vs Torque characteristicsBatterySealed Lead Acid Batteries are basically the same as flooded cell batteries. In these batteries electrolyte is in gelatine form and is absorbed into the plates. The battery is then sealed with epoxy. They are exceptionally leak resistant .These batteries which are utilized for wide variety of applications including UPS, Computer systems and Industrial equipment.Specifications - The battery type is a Sealed Lead Acid Battery - 36-volt (3 x 12) and 48-volt (4 x 12) Battery Packs - 15 , 20 & 24 Amp-Hour capacity - Maximum Operating Voltage: 39.6 V (36 V system), 52.8 V (48 Volt System) - Low Voltage Cut-Off (LVCO): 31.5 (36 V system), 42 V (48 Volt System) - Claimed Cycle Life: 300 charge/discharge cycles

AdvantageEvery Hero Electric bike reduces more than 1 ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (compared to a petrol 2-wheeler) in its lifetime.

Battery technologyThe company possess Patents for Plastic grid Bi-Polar Batteries which are designed to get charged to 90% of its capacity in about 20 minutes.

Charger TechnologyThe float cum boost technology has been used in our chargers so that when the charger is connected to the battery the output first goes to the boost charging mode and thus the battery will charge faster unlike that in a plain float charger.

Mechanics and Mechanical designThe world patented product Rear Guard prevents a vehicle from rolling backon slope. The concept of this patent is used in drive mechanism of our electric vehicles. A four stroke IC engine without piston and cylinders is also developed for the hybrid model of our EvSMEV is the perfect platform to learn, share and experience as we move forward into an age where alternative energy efficient modes of transportation would be in demand. Electric Vehicle Technology is gaining ground and popularity rapidly. This segment has tremendous potential as it is an environmentfriendly, non-polluting means of transportation.The SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (SMEV) is based at New Delhi, India and comprises of the members from the following category: Electric- Four /Three Wheeler Manufacturers Electric- Two Wheeler Manufacturers Electric Vehicle -Auto Components Manufacturers

AVONGroup HistoryThe beginnings were small offering classic example of the enterprising Punjabi spirit. In the early days of the countrys independence post partition in 1947, the legendary Pahwa Brothers dreamt of providing the common man an affordable means of mobility.They started with a bicycle saddles and brakes manufacturing unit in 1948 and set off on a long and arduous journey. Soon, it was time for an ambitious take-off. To realize their cherished dream, the business was incorporated in 1951. To produce bicycles, the company Avon Cycles came into being. A beginning was made when the first batch, perhaps 250 bicycles, rolled out of the plant.

The quality was excellent, the price was economical and the business dealings ethical. That earned the promoters instant acceptability. Holding such values dear, the Pahwas built trust, brick by brick. The numbers kept growing and in the pioneers league, AVON thus remained in the top performers position ever since. The promoters abiding faith in human values and fairness, likewise built enduring business bonds with a vast network of dealers in India and abroad. High-class technology, consistent quality and effective after-sales service made a perfect proposition.Over the years the business expanded and it saw the birth of more companies doing various components needed to complete bicycle assembly. The Group grew to own facilities making almost all such parts.And to meet their expanding requirement of raw materials, they set up facilities to make their own special purpose steel strips and steel tubes, even Hot Rolled Steel. Today, AVON is the only group anywhere in the world claiming full backward integration unique position, unmatched and unequalled.In 1997, the family business was reorganized. Control of the company Avon Cycles Limited, the subject of this profile, exclusively passed to the family of Mr Onkar Singh Pahwa. The organisation combines the simplicity and speed of a family business and the broad-based features of corporate functioning. The former inspires trust and the latter confidence in its ability to perform continually and consistently.And the marketing strategies: wide choice, updated quality, affordable price, streamlined distribution and an appealing messageOverview:Decades of trust-building makes AVON the household name it is. Brands AVON, APSARA and BUKE have become synonymous with dependable quality at competitive price.Quality at affordable price is the companys USP. Quality Management System ISO 9001: 2000 (E) certified by TUV Cert is in place. The bicycle facility is spread over a land site 145,000 square meters, producing two million numbers annually; most modern plants and machinery systems, comparable to the best in the world, are employed. The product range includes a hundred plus descriptions of pedal bicycles, half a dozen odd models of battery-powered bikes and the more recently introduced hi-power series of luxury bicycles and the keep-fit series of home workout solutionsMarketingPhilosophy:For every AVON product to be an excellent Value for Money (VFM) proposition, the company adopts a proactive role to determine level of satisfaction and understand the changing consumer aspirations.Distribution:Inland, through a well-established network of about 1,600 AVON authorised dealers in cities and towns of India. A dedicated resource of more than 12,000 sub-dealers supports operations of the dealership. Overseas operations are conducted through Representatives in respective countries / regions. The companys executives are regularly visiting overseas markets, Trade Fairs and Exhibitions.Logistics:For safe and speedy delivery to the dealership points spread across the length and breadth of the country, the company employs a number of reputed transporters and haulers on a sub-contracting basis. For multiple delivery point trips, the companys accompanying attendants ensure correct and proper delivery.Visibility:At home in 85 countries worldwide, the companys products are regularly showcased in International Trade Fairs and Exhibitions.Loyalty:The companys dealers have been with it all through. Many of them have grown into the second, even third generation of owners. Their hopes and aspirations are inseparably linked to the companys prosperity. This has fostered enduring relationships.

LOHIAAbout Lohia GroupLOHIA GROUP, promoted by a well known business family of North India, diversified from traditional business and ventured into manufacture of high-tech machines way back in mid '70s. Lohia Group, has a long tradition of excellence is currently active in machinery, mechanical sub-contracting, textiles and engineering plastics. Few of their mastered domains include Extrusion Plants for polypropylene filament yarns, Weaving, Winding and Slitting Machinery. The Group enjoys tremendous amount of goodwill and reputation on account of its quality standards.Lohia Engineering Works, a firm belonging to Lohia Group, began with the manufacture of Schweiter type cone-winding machines, to handle a variety of yarns. Presently, the GROUP is primarily engaged in engineering sector with LOHIA CORP LIMITED as its flagship Company, under the leadership of its Chairman Mr. Raj Kumar Lohia.LOHIA CORP LIMITED formerly known as Lohia Starlinger Limited incorporated in 1981 is engaged in manufacture of complete range of machines required by Plastic Woven Fabric Industry and is an undisputed leader amongst machine manufacturers of this industry. At present, it is not only enjoying over 60% of market share in India but has also earned a reputation of world's leading manufacturer of such equipments. Its projects are running successfully in over 60 countries around the world and this accomplishment has been possible due to the GROUP's continuous emphasis on quality and innovation. The Company has an outstanding track record to its credit as it enjoys the status of 'Trading House' and is accredited ISO: 9001:2008 CERTIFICATE BY DNV NETHERLANDS.

Vision To enlarge our product portfolio and production capacities in each of our businesses leveraging our domain knowledge, expertise and resources by fostering global partnerships and alliances to become leading global player with dominant market share. To be the partner of choice for our customers by providing technology based world class products and performance enhancing services tailored to meet their requirements. To develop bench mark innovations and technologies to suit the changing requirements of the customers & the industry by continuous investments in updating our manufacturing & human resources. To provide total customer satisfaction through quality products and services at competitive costs. To attain the leadership in technology, quality, services and costs with integrity and stability.Mission To follow the best practices as a responsible corporate and contribute in sustainable development of the society including employees. To preserve and enhance the integrity in all our business dealings by continuous monitoring, control and interventions without any compromises and concessions. To achieve leading position in each of our business sector by sustainable and profitable growth creating long term wealth for the shareholders To provide total customer satisfaction through quality products and services at competitive costs. To make continuous up gradation in our products through innovation anticipating the needs of our markets and customers. To maximize the exports of our all products by offering quality products and services at competitive costs combining with our intellectual and traderesources.

Ace motor bikes Peter Grimaldi is the inventor and founder of Ace Electric Motorbikes based out of Monmouth County, New Jersey. His unique patented designs, reminiscent of the classic American Board Track Racers, separate his electrically powered machines from other bikes in todays marketplaceAce American LLC uses the incredible Phoenix II 3640 Motor System standard on all ACE Motorbikes. Ituses a dependable, powerful 36 volt 40 amp controller. These kits have been known to exceed 35,000 miles!It includes a light-weight motor, sensor less technology, a lighted power indicator, a twist-grip throttle, andcontroller all with incredible reliability and power. While you can pedal with Phoenix II systems, they areNOT pedal-assist. Phoenix II systems will power themselves without help from the rider, even up hills.Phoenix II 3640 Motor System 36V 25A 900W 26mphPhoenix II 4840 Motor System 48V 40A 1920W 34mph

How it Works:The major components of the system consist of a battery pack, a controller, a Motor Cycle Type Twist Throttle with Lighted Power Indicator, and a hub motor. All major components are connected to the controller, the brain of the system. The controllers basic operation is similar to an electric light dimmer. It adjusts the amount of power going to the motor based on the throttle setting. Brushless hub motors are very efficient.Inside, there are three separate windings. Each winding is responsible for turning the wheel one-third of the way around. While there used to be sensors inside the motor to tell the controller which winding to apply power to, now the controller does all the work! There is nothing inside the motor that can be damaged, other than bearings! This allows the energy to be more focused, and changing windings is all electronic done completely by the controller. There is no physical connection between the stationary part of the motor and the moving part of the motor, so there is no theoretical limit to their life.Brushed motors work differently. Power is transferred to the motor by brushes making contact with the moving part of the motor. This means that brushes must be replaced periodically, which can be expensive and can cause down-time.All Phoenix II motors are brushless, so the only fixed cost of owning one is battery replacement and the occasional tire, tube, and brake replacement. Yes, you will go through more brake pads with a power system installed on a bike with rim brakes, but all Phoenix II motors are available with optional disc brakes! Disc brakes require less adjustment, and less brake pad replacements.Ace Electric Motorbikes works with the worlds leading manufacturers of the highest-quality Lithium Iron Phosphate or LiFePO4 battery products.What exactly is LiFePO4?A lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery, also called a LFP battery, is a type of rechargeable battery, specifically a lithium-ion battery, which uses the LiFePO4 chemistry as a cathode material. With using phosphate as a cathode material, LiFePO4 is the safest and the most environ-friendly chemistry make-up oflithium-ion batteries.The safety characteristics of using phosphate as the cathode material makes them far more advanced than other cathode materials such as nickel cobalt, polymer, and cobalt oxide. LiFePO4, batteries are able to withstand high temperatures without deteriorating, and if they are abused, LiFePO4 is notprone to thermal runaway and will not burn as other Lithium-ion batteries will.Along with paramount safety characteristics, LiFePO4 batteries have a long cycle life (2000+ cycles) which actually lowers the cost of ownership, and they are only 1/3 the weight of Lead-Acid (Pb or LA) and less than 2/3 the weight of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. More great characteristics of these batteries are that they do not have a memory. Thats right, no memory effect!

YO BIKES With the hike in fuel prices & rising concerns for Global Warming, today there is a latent need for an alternative technology which can offer an affordable and pollution free transportation. Globally Electric Vehicles have emerged as the most practical, reliable & commercially viable option. YObykes is Indias largest selling and the most trusted Electric Scooter Brand. YObykes is powered with Electric Drive Train where BLDC Motor & Rechargeable Batteries replaces the conventional Engine. YObykes offers the most Economical, Eco-friendly and Easy personal mobility solutionIn 2006 ELECTROTHERM (INDIA) LTD, was the 1st to introduce Electric Scooter in an organized manner on a pan India basis with brand name of YObykes. In 2006 ELECTROTHERM (INDIA) LTD, was the 1st to introduce Electric Scooter in an organized manner on a pan India basis with brand name of YObykes.

YOBYKES LEADING THE EV CATEGORY IN INDIA YObykes has the largest customer base of more than100,000 satisfied users Only EV brand having In-house R&D and Manufacturing facility for complete power train i.e. Motor, Controllers, Chargers & Converters Only EV brand with High speed models like YOEXL (1000W) & YOSpark (900W)motor power Founder member of Society of Manufactures of Electric Vehicles (SMEV) Core Member : National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP 2020) A strong & well known brand YObykes has brought ET more close to common man of India Largest Pan India network of exclusive YOWorld & YOPoint (sales, service & spares outlets) 1st and Only EV brand to offer 24 * 7 On Road Assistance (selected citiesIdeal City Two Wheeler YObykes has been designed & developed keeping the travel needs & city riding conditions in mind, which makes YObykes the most convenient & most suitable scooter for within city mobility YObykes city-zippy speed offers safe & convenient ride in the citys traffic condition For full charge, YObykes offers long range up to 70 km/charge; while an avg daily travel requirement is approximately 25 to 30km/dayRecharge Anywhere No need to visit fuel station anymore, as YObykes can be charged easily at home or wherever normal power supply is available. Just charge and enjoy safe & convenient reid without being worried about running cost/km Charging YObykes is as simple as charging mobile phone. YObykes can be charged easily at home or wherever normal power supply is available Those who residing in high rise building can charge YObykes at the parking area easily. Required assistance shall be provided by YOWORLD teamHassel Free & Low Maintenance YObykes do not have any wear and tear parts like Clutch Plates, Gear Box, Air Filters, Oil Filters & Spark plug which requires regular maintenance & lubrication. YObykes drive train comprises of electronic parts like BLDC motor & controllers which do not require lubrication or any regular maintenance. Maintaining YObykes is easy and absolutely hassle free.Service

While YObykes do not have any major mechanical moving components (engine, gear box, etc.), service support requirements is much lesser than the conventional petrol vehicle. However, we are committed to provide prompt after-sales service and genuine spares for your YObykes, if required, through our wide spread dealer network being developed across India. .

Battery Charging Battery is like a fuel tank for the YObykes and requires refilling by the means of charging. Before riding YObyke for the first time it is essential to charge the batteries for 6-8 hours using the supplied charger. To charge, please remove the protective cover from the charging socket. Then plug in the charger into the charging socket, before plugging the charger into a wall power socket. There is an indicator light provided on the charger body which will turn Red while charging. This will become Green when the charging is complete. In case the battery charging light is not indicating, please check the fuse provided on the battery pack. The charger has been provided with a safety feature to avoid overcharging of batteries and thereby enhance the battery life. Generally recharging time will be around 6 to 8 hours. The YObykes have been powered by four 12V, 12Ah or 12V, 20Ah, 24Ah, 33Ah & 40Ah batteries wired in series to provide 48 volts. All batteries charge simultaneously.

The key points to improve the Battery Life It is recommended to charge the YObyke as and when you get an opportunity to charge & avoid complete discharge in use You should charge the YObyke if it has not been used for 3-4 weeks or more. Always charge the battery in dry and ventilated place to clear the gases emitted from the batteries. Battery should not be stored in discharged condition for any length of time. Always use ET supplied / approved charge

CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

NEEDWith increase in air pollution in urban areas and scarcity of fuels, Electric Bikes is in great demand but it is not used by most of the people because of lackof awareness. Thus the purpose of the study is to study the awareness level ofconsumers towards E-Bikes and also the perception of the users. So by creating awareness we can enhance the sales of Electric Bikes.

The objectives of the study are-

To find out the awareness of consumer about the electric bikes.To find out the factor influencing the sales of electric bike.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Research Design Research Design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of various operations thereby making research as effective as possible yielding maximum information with minimum efforts. The research design is a pattern or an outline of a research projects workings. The present study followed a descriptive design, as it is required to analysis the consumer behavior towards green tea. The study was designed to provide for the collection of this information. Design of research methodology is descriptive3.2 Data Collection MethodsCollection of dataIn this study the data will be collected through two sources:Primary data - The source of primary data was collected from the respondents and also through questionnaires, discussions etc.Secondary data Apart from primary data, the data was collected through various published forms such as journals, research papers, articles, various online sites.3.3 Sampling PlanA sample plan is a definite plan for obtaining sample from a given population. Sampling is an effective step in the collection of primary data and has great influence on the quality of results. The sampling plan includes the universe/population, sample size and sampling design.3.3.1 Universe/ PopulationIt comprised of all the people who know about e-bikes or those who use them. This study is based on the all the people who use two wheelers in Ludhiana city.

3.3.2 Sampling UnitQuestionnaire will be administered to urban residents of Ludhiana (Punjab). Any person who is the user of two wheelers whether they are using e-bikes or not in Ludhiana city is the sample unit. The area which was covered is Sarabha nagar, model town, new professor colony, BRS Nagar.Sample size -In this study the sample size will be of 100 respondents.Sampling technique -Convenience method of sampling will be used to collect the data from the respondents. For the convenience of the respondents questionnaire method has been used.Sampling unit Persons of Ludhiana who use two wheelers

CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF LITERATUREREVIEW OF LITERATUREBENJAMIN (2015) this article tells that the e-bike business in USA is much more then it was accepted by the companies. Main reason cited behind the sales of e-bikes is that people dont have enough money to buy other automobiles and to travel in the heavy traffics of Boston it is easy for people to travel on e-bikes.

OORTWIJN (2015) this article tells that LG is about to enter into the e-bike battery business as it is growth area. After Samsung, Bosch and Panasonic it is worlds next electronic player who is going to entre in the e-bikes battery business.

WALKER (2014) in this article walker talks about the rise of e-bikes in foreign countries like USA and China. It also tells that it is century old technology that is being used. These days, e-bikes are booming in popularity in Europe and China where theyre revered for their low impact on the environment. According to ZIV, a German industry organization, e-bike sales represented 10 percent of all bike sales at the close of 2012, a 15 percent rise over 2011 numbers. Because the motors used in e-bikes are electric and not internal combustion, these contraptions dont emit any carbon dioxide directly (the source of their electricity, however, has an environmental impact, albeit one drastically smaller than a motorcycle or moped engine).it also tells that USA lags behind the world in e-bikes sales. It is expected that e-bike sales will reach 350000 in 2018.

BORA (2014) this is mainly article which talks about the launch of the e-cycles and bikes of hero. Hero launched as two variants Avior AMX and Avior AFX for both male and female riders respectively, the e-cycles will be available at a price of Rs 19,290 (on-road Delhi) for the Avior AMX and Rs 18,990 (on-road Delhi) for the Avior AFX.The e-cycles will be available at all five metros initially but prices may be Rs 3000-4000 more expensive in other cities since the Delhi government has provided 15 per cent subsidy and 0 per cent VAT on the environment friendly bicycles.

ELLIOT(2014) this articles tells how Harley-Davidson, Energica, Zero and other green machine manufacturers are battling to become the Tesla of motorcycles. Harley-Davidson is hardly alone in the e-bike wars, where several companies are seeking to become the Tesla of motorcycles. And not just because its good for the environment. Last year, the major motorcycle brandsincluding BMW, Harley-Davidson, Honda, Kawasaki, KTM, Piaggio, Suzuki, Triumph and Yamahasold 561,000 bikes in the US, up from 557,000 in 2012 but down a staggering 53 percent from the 1.2 million sold in 2006. This year, motorcycle sales remained relatively unchanged, according to the Motorcycle Industry Council, which tallied 139,922 new units sold in Q1, 17 units higher than the same period in 2013.

OLMSTED(2013) This article talks about new trends and technology in the bikes sector as e- bikes has came people are buying bikes for weight loss and riding bycycles at the charity events. Many technological changes have come in the bikes as they are having disc brakes now is one of the examples. The comfort while riding bikes is the person looks for now many companies have come up with the idea of selling bikes on the basis of comfort.

LONGCHAR (2013) this article tells that AVON CYCLES had set up their new industry of e-bikes in Nagaland. In the North East region to assemble and market its e-bikes (electric bikes) which is gaining popularity as pollution free, eco-friendly replacement of fossil fuel powered two wheelers.Under the initiative of North East Naga Traders Pvt Ltd (NENT), Avon Cycles has established a manufacturing and assembly unit at Notun Basti in Dimapur, the only one in the northeast.NENT is an agro based company established by entrepreneur Kathi Chishi and deals with products related to agriculture activities and environmental friendly products. It has been trying to establish itself for the market for the past three years.

TREW(2013) this article deals with the launch of Rimacs Greyp G12 e-bike which has the top speed of 40m/ph and it also has the pedal free range of 75 miles . It also has other neat tricks include fingerprint activated ignition that allows different digits to trigger the bike's two modes -- street or speed -- with profiles for up to 50 users available.It also has a less alleged charge time of 80 minutes (from zero).

PHILIPS(2013) this article talks about the attempts of electronic shifting from mechanical shifting first attempt was made in 1990s. but it didnt work as early adopter figure it out thatwhen they rode to close to lose to power lines or their local radio station and their bike started shifting with a mind of its own.Throughout the early 2000s, both Campagnolo and Shimano used Mavics pioneering ideas to develop electronic groups for their pro teams. In 2009, the world finally had a new electronic group in the Shimano Dura Ace Di2 and boy was it good. The entire system was wired, and only one inconspicuous lithium ion battery powered the whole thing. Servos in the derailleurs were small, and front shifting was not only electric, but powerful. Not content to rest on their reviews, the latest update to the Di2 took the group from 10 to 11 speeds, dropped weight and improved ergonomics. The biggest criticisms to the Di2 have consistently been its astronomical cost ($4,125 for the group) and lack of feel (a connection to the bike almost as vague as a records warmth or a film cameras grain).

BERA (2013) this article gives the detail of the top 5 e- bike manufacturers in India and tells something about it. Top 5 manufacturers of e-bikes are as follows1) Ampere Vehicles,2) Hero Ultra,3) You Bikes, ACE Motors4) Eko Vehicles5) Ace motorsjjjjj

ECO WHEELS (2013) this articles tells about the pros and cons of the e-bikes that are a new trend in the markets following are the pros

1) Much Cheaper than Gas2) Extended Range / Reduced Stress3) Exercise is Optional4) Safe and Easy to OperateFollowing are the cons of the e-bikes1) Lost luxuries2) Limited speed and range3) Less Protection and security

DAS(2012) In this article the slumping e-bikes market is discussed and what strategies does the companies are using to cope up with the difficult environment and it also tells that Mr. Munjal head of hero electric has shifted his focus from selling it Indian market to the exports of the e-bikes.

CUSICK AND WIRE (2012) in this article it is discussed that can e- bikes displace cars. It is also discussed that Electric bicycles could offer cleaner air and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in countries like China. He is discussing that the e-bikes can lead to future of cleaner environment but it is suitable for only the young and strong people but still over 1 million e-bikes are being sold in china and its limited speed is a bit tough for them to displace cars but somehow they are displacing cars.

MAY(2012) this article tells that the Audi had planned to launch its new e bike and may tells about its all features that the bike has and a video is also shown how comfortable the bike is and how easy it is to drive. All the design details and advantages of the design are given.

WIESE (2011) this article tells about why to buy the e-bikes and it tells the e-bikes are way affordable then other bikes it also tells about his confusion about buying the bike that why should he buy an e-bike in his prime young age when he should drive other bikes. It also talks about the by Navigant Research, a market analysis firm that wrote up a recent 73-page report on the e-bike market, the reason that electric bikes have absolutely taken off in markets like China and Europe is because those markets view them as a mode of transportation, not just a piece of sports or fitness gear.Times are changing, though, and 2015 looks like it could be the year of the cheap e-bike. Were only two months into the year, and more than one crowd funding campaign has written a tale of wild success by marketing a sub-$500 electric bike. That type of price makes the electric bike much more competitive with the pedal bike in terms of price vs. reward.

STONE (2010) in this article the idea of e- bikes is discussed how e-bikes are popular in china that every year around 10 million e-bikes are sold in the market. It also tells that technology is upgrading and touching new heights every year and e-bikes are the part of the technology. It also talks about the travelling of us people are around 5 to 7 miles of day and how e-bikes can solve their problem of controlling pollution.

GOODMAN (2010) this article tells that e-bikes market has grown at a rapid pace in foreign market but where as in India it has shown no signs of growth. Whereas everywhere there is boom in the e-bikes market. It all started in chinawhere an estimated 120 million electric bicycles now hum along the roads, up from a few thousand in the 1990s. They are replacing traditional bikes and motorcycles at a rapid clip and, in many cases, allowing people to put off the switch to cars.In turn, the booming Chinese electric-bike industry is spurring worldwide interest and impressive sales in India, Europe and the United States. China is exporting many bikes, and western manufacturers are also copying the Chinese trend to produce models of their own. From virtually nothing a decade ago, electric bikes have become an $11 billion global industry.

PATHAK (2010) in this article it is discussed that Electric bikes or e-bikes are environment-friendly but in India they are yet to prove themselves user-friendly; and this despite the fact that there is a huge market for these two-wheelers. Most of the e-bikes sold in India are manufactured using Chinese technology and their main drawback in Indian 'conditions' is their poor pick-up. Experts say e-bikes made with Chinese technology do not support the weight of Indian users who are usually heavier than their Chinese counterparts. It also tells that its poor pick up is main reason for low sales and also the weights of Indian people is concern for the bikes as bikes made with Chinese technology is not able to carry weights of their Indian counterparts.

UTTKARSH (2010) Hero Electric is ascending the path to the top of the electric bikes industry in an aggressive manner. The company, which is the pioneer and market leader in the IndianElectricTwo- Wheeler Industry, recently launched its E-bike in India named Photon. It then observed the electric bikes industry in India and acted accordingly. To lure in customers the company had offered great services and offers in the past. Now, Hero Electric has introduced a service for not only its customers but also for all the electric bike owners of the country. There had been other companies in the electric bikes segment in India but due to poor response from the people and unpopularity of the electric bikes, these companies completely withdrew their business.

CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

ANALYLIS AND INTERPRETATIONThis chapter deals with analysis of data collected on different aspect related to the satisfaction level and the awareness about the green tea among population (ref. Appendix). The result and analysis pertaining to various objectives of the study have been presented in this chapter.

Demographics :

Figure-4.1

INTERPRETATION: Out of 100 sample unit, 48 were female respondents and 52 were male respondentsFigure 4.2

INTERPRETATION-Out of 100 respondents, 66% of them were of age group 15-25 years, 22% were of age group 25 to 35 years, 6% were of age group 35-45 years, only 3% were of age group 35-45 and above 55 age group .Major respondents were youth.Table4.1- Are you aware of E-bikesAre You aware of E-bikesNo. Of RespondentsPercentage

Yes8383%

No1717%

Figure 4.3

INTERPRETATION-From the above chart it is evident that: 83% respondents were aware of e-bikes 17% respondents were not aware of e-bikesThis shows that most of the people are aware of electronic bikes. Very few are unaware.

Table 4.2How did you come to know about electronic bikes.How did you come to know about Electric Bikes?No. Of RespondentsPercentage

News paper/magazine2020

Television2424

Internet4343

Friends1313

Figure 4.4

INTERPRETATION:From the above graph it is evident that 43% of respondents came to know about electric bikes through internet, 24% through television, 20% through newspapers/magazines,13% came to know through friendsINFERENCE: From the above it is evident that internet is the main source of awareness, next is through television advertisements and awareness. There is not much ofawareness created through word of mouth from friends and family and print media such as newspaper and magazine.

Table 4.3 Does brands influence your buying decision?

brandsNo. Of respondentsPercentage

9090

Yes

1010

No

Figure 4.5

INTERPRETATION Above table shows that majority that means 90% people consider brands while purchasing an electronic bike ,while only a few of them are not considering e-bikes brands .

Table 4.4 Which Brands are you aware of in electric bikes?BrandsNo. Of RespondentsPercentage

Hero2929

Avon1616

Lohia1414

Ace Motor Bikes1818

You Bikes2323

Figure 4.6

INTERPRETATIONAbove figure shows that 29% respondents are aware of Hero ,29% know about Yo bikes ,followed by Avon which stands at 16%.only 18% know about Ace motor bikes and only 14% people know about lohia ebikes.INFERENCE From the above figure it is evident that Hero and Yo bikes are more popular amongst people .others brands are not very much known to the people .

Table 4.5Which factors you consider while choosing amongst e-bike and conventional bike ?Price:PriceNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Strongly Agree2323

Agree1919

Neutral3737

Disagree1616

Strongly Disagree55

INTERPRETATIONAbove table shows that 23% strongly agree that price is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .only 5% disagree that cost is one important factor.INFERENCE:It is clearly evident from the above graph that maximum numbers of consumers feel the price of electric bikes to be high as compared to its features which are not that great compared to conventional bikes. Very few consumers feel theprice to be in the moderate and low range. Thus the price of electric bikes needs to be lowered in case to increase the sales

Table 4.6Weight:WeightNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Strongly Agree2727

Agree1818

Neutral3939

Disagree88

Strongly Disagree88

INTERPRETATIONAbove table shows that 27% strongly agree that Weight is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .18% agree to it and 39% gave a neutral comment on weight while comparing e-bike and conventional bike . Only 8% disagree that weight is one important factor.

Table 4.7Appearance:

AppearanceNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Strongly Agree3131

Agree2525

Neutral2828

Disagree1010

Strongly Disagree66

INTERPRETATION-Above table shows that 31% strongly agree that Appearance is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .25% agree to it and 28% gave a neutral comment on appearance while comparing e-bike and conventional bike . Only 6% strongly disagree that appearance is one important factor.

Table 4.8-Safety:SafetyNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Strongly Agree3535

Agree3232

Neutral2323

Disagree44

Strongly Disagree66

INTERPRETATION :Above table shows that 35% strongly agree that Safety is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .32% agree to it and 23% gave a neutral comment on safety while comparing e-bike and conventional bike .4% disagree and Only 6% strongly disagree that safety is one important factor.

Table 4.9-Advertisement:

AdvertisementNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Strongly Agree2222

Agree3838

Neutral2626

Disagree99

Strongly Disagree55

INTERPRETATIONAbove table shows that 22% strongly agree that advertisement is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .38% agree to it and 26% gave a neutral comment on advertisement while comparing e-bike and conventional bike .9% disagree and Only 5% strongly disagree that safety is one important factor.INFERENCE:It is evident from the graph that maximum numbers of E-Bike users were influenced to buying through advertisements. Hence more of advertisements need to be taken up in order to influence the potential customers.

Table 4.10 Are you convinced about Electric Bike benefits?benefitsNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Yes5757

No4343

Figure4.6

INTERPRETATION:From the above graph it is evident that 57% of the electric bike consumers are convinced about the benefits of electric bikes whereas 43% are not convinced about the benefits.

INFERENCE:From the above graph it can be analysed that Almost equal of the Electric bike users are convinced about the bike benefits whereas only few of them are not convinced.

Table 4.11Would you like to suggest electric bike to your friends?No. Of respondentsPercentage

Yes5353

No4747

Figure 4.7

INTERPRETATION:It can be interpreted from the above figure that 53% users recommend e- bikes to their friends while 47% would not recommend.

INFERENCE:It is evident from the graph that almost equal no. of the users of electric bike are willing to refer it to their friends than those who dont.

Table 4.12

Which of the factors do you think that prevents you from making the decision of purchasing the electric bikes?

decisionNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Expensive1919

Unaware1010

Not convinced1616

Non availability.1616

Appearance1010

Speed1414

Battery life1010

Uncertainty of electric bike technology55

Figure 4.8

INTERPRETATION:From the above graph it can be interpreted that 16% of respondents are not convinced, 19% feel expensive,10% are unaware,16% feel non-availability, and14% feel that speed is not satisfying,10% dont like their battery life , which prevents them from making the decision of purchasing the electric bikes.

INFERENCE:From the above graph it is evident that most of the respondents do not purchase the E-Bikes because they are not convinced about the electric bike technology or the benefits, and also because it is expensive. Awareness need to be created& the product need to be made available to maximum no of places.

Table 4.9 is after sales service availability affecting your purchasing decision of electric bikes.

0After sales serviceNo. Of respondentsPercentage

Yes6666

No3434

Figure 4.9

INTERPRETATION:From the above graph it can be interpreted that 66% of respondents feel that after sales service availability affects their purchasing decision while 34% ofrespondents say it does not affect.

INFERENCE:It is evident from the above graph that maximum no of respondents did not go for buying the electric bike due to the non availability of proper after sales service. Hence the after sales service need to be improved and service centre needs to be operated in major cities to overcome this problemCHAPTER5 FINDINGS,SUGGESTIONS,CONCLUSION,LIMITATIONSSummary of findings:1.It was found that most of the respondents are aware about the Electric Bikes and their benefits.

2.It was found that majority of the consumers came to know about electricbikes through internet and there are only few through friends and peers

It was found that maximum numbers of customers were influenced by internet while making their buying decisions.

It was found that most of the customers are not much satisfied with theprice of the product, and Price quoted by the companies has affected the customer satisfaction to a great deal.

It was found that most of the customers were satisfied with the mileage ofthe Electric bikes and are convinced about the electric bike benefits and were willing to refer it to their friends.

It was found that most of the customers are not satisfied with after sales service. It shows that customers are dissatisfied about after sale service.

It was found that maximum number of the customers feel the speed ofthe Electric bikes to be very low and were not satisfied with the current speed of the bikes.

It was found that expensiveness and non-availability of Electric bikes is also a reason forlower market share and consumers not purchasing it.

It was found that most of the respondents feel that the promotional activities for electric bikes are not sufficient to make the purchasing decision.

It was found that most of the respondents feel that the factors such as speed & power, battery life and appearance of Electric Bikes are the main reasons for its lower market share.

SuggestionsAwareness needs to be created among the consumers regarding the Electric Bikes and their benefit.

There are only few advertisements in newspapers and TVs. Thus maximum advertisements need to be put up in these Medias as they reach wider audiences.

The price of the electric bikes need to be decreased it can be done by adopting sophisticated technologies and carrying out mass productions orsome discounts on price or offers should be given in order to increase the sales.

More number of service centres need to be opened at least in major areas to cater to the problems & needs of the customers when needed.

As most of the people prefer high speed the speed of the electric bikes need to be improved so as to increase the sales of the E-Bike

We need to have more number of dealers covering major urban areas and the distribution network should be made strong.

Promotional activities should be increased to create awareness and increase the sales. Like it should be displayed in auto shows and to attract more youths demonstrations and special offers should be given to college students.As appearance plays a major role for most of the customers while making purchasing decisions so the Electric Bikes need to be made more attractive.

LIMITATIONS TO THE STUDY:Some of the limitations of the study may be summarised as follows An underlying assumption for entire project is that the details and feedback received from population are true. It was difficult to find respondents as they were busy in theirschedules and collection of data was very difficult. Therefore study had to be carried out based on availability of respondents. Some of the respondents were not ready to fill the questionnaire and some of them not ready to come out openly. Also the sample size of 100 may not truly represent wholepopulation

References

1.http://aceelectricmotorbikes.com/about-the-bikes2.http://www.lohiagroup.com/welcome-lohia-group3.http://www.avoncycles.com/marketing/4.http://yobykes.in/global_business.aspx?pg=gb5.http://heroelectric.in/corporate/about-hero-electric-2/6. http://www.wlivenews.com/top-5-best-electric-bike-brands-and-leading-models-in-india.html7. http://www.peopleforbikes.org/blog/entry/the-rise-of-the-e-bike8. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-ebikes-displace-cars/9. http://in.askmen.com/guy-gear/1102699/article/affordable-e-bikes10. http://www.levassociation.com/light-electric-vehicle-association/the-ebike-trend-for-201111. http://www.fischen.de/en/ebike-the-new-trend-in-cycling12. http://www.bike-eu.com/sales-trends/nieuws/2014/4/lg-about-to-step-in-e-bike-battery-market-101923413. https://www.electricbike.com/audi-ebike/14. http://gearpatrol.com/2013/06/18/point-and-click-everything-you-need-to-know-about-electronic-shifting/15. http://in.askmen.com/guy-gear/1102699/article/affordable-e-bikes16. http://electricbikereview.com/

Chapter 8 QUESTIONNAIREQuestionnaire:Personal Details:Name:............................................................................................GENDER-.Age group- A) 15-25 yrs B) 25-35yrs C) 35-45yrs D) 45-55 yrs E) Above 55yrs

1.Are you aware of Electric Bikes?Yes No

2. How did you come to know about Electric Bikes?a. News paper/magazineb. Televisionc. Internetd. Friendse. Others (specify)..........................................

3.Which brand are you aware of in electric bikes ?a. Herob. Avonc.Lohiad.Ace motor bikese.Yo bikesf. others.............................

4.Does brand influence your buying decision?YesNo

5. What factors you consider while choosing amongst e-bike and conventional bike ?i. Weighta. Strongly agreeb. Agreec. Neutrald. Disagreee. Strongly disagree

ii. Appearancea. Strongly agreeb. Agreec. Neutrald. Disagreee. Strongly disagree

iii. Safetya. Strongly agreeb. Agreec. Neutrald. Disagreee. Strongly disagree

iv. Costa. Strongly agreeb. Agreec. Neutrald. Disagreee. Strongly disagree

6. Does advertisement influence your buying decision?a. Strongly agreeb. Agreec. Neutrald. Disagreee. Strongly disagree

7. What is your opinion towards mileage of Electric Bikes as compared to conventionalbikes?a. Very goodb. Goodc. Averaged. Bade. Very bad

8. Is the promotional activity about Electric bike sufficient enough for you to make the purchasing decision?Yes No

9. Which of the factors do you think that prevents you from making the decision ofpurchasing the electric bikes?a. Expensiveb. Unawarec. Not convincedd. Non availability.f. Appearanceg. Speedh. Battery lifei. Uncertainty of electric bike technologyj. Others (specify)

10. Are you convinced about Electric Bike benefits?YesNo

11. Is after sales service availability affecting your purchasing decision of electric bikes?YesNo

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