8/6/2019 SAP and its Concepts overview

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Ravinder Puranam SAP:

SAP (Systems Applications and Products for data processing) is a ERP software. It wasdeveloped by five former IBM employees in Germany by the company named SAP

SAP R/3 system is to provide a suite of tightly integrated, large scale business

applications. Following are the standard set of applications or functional module in R/3system:

- PP (Production Planning)

- SD (Sales and Distribution)

- MM (Material Management)- FICO (Finance and Controlling)

- AM (Fixed Asset Management)- PS (Project System)

- WF (Work Flow)- IS (Industry Solution)

- HR (Human Resource)

- PM (Plant Maintenance)

- QM (Quality Management)

SAP based on the architecture of R/3 on a three-tier client/server

1. Presentation Server (GUI)

2. Application Server

3. Database Server

SAP allows the IT supported processing of a multitude of tasks, accruing in a typical

company or bank. SAP ERP is differing from R/3 mainly because it is based on SAPNetWeaver: core components can be implemented in ABAP and in Java and new functionalareas are mostly no longer created as part of the previous ERP system, with closely

interconnected constituents, but as self-contained components or even systems.

Presentation server is actually a program named sapgui.exe. It is usually installed on aclient machine. User can interact with the system with the help of this server. Application

server is a set of executables that collectively interpret the ABAP/4 programs. Databaseserver is a set of executables that accept database requests from the application server

In three-tier client/server architecture the presentation servers, application servers and

database servers all run on separate machines. For large systems this is the most commonconfiguration and is common in production.

In two-tier client/server architecture, the presentation and application servers are combined

and the database server is separate. This configuration is used in conjunction with otherapplication server.

Application Server

An application server is a collection of executable s that collectively interprets the ABAP/4(Advanced Business Application Programming / 4th Generation) programs and manages theinput and output for them. When an application server is started, these executables all start

at the same time. When an application server is stopped, they all shut down together. The

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Ravinder Puranam number of processes that start up when you bring up the application server is defined in a

single configuration file called the application server profile. Each application server has a

profile that specifies its characteristics when it starts up and while it is running. Forexample, an application server profile specifies:

* Number of processes and their types

* Amount of memory each process may use* Length of time a user is inactive before being automatically logged off.

The Application layer consists of one or more application servers and a message server.

Each application server contains a set of services used to run the R/3 system. Not practical,

only one application server is needed to run an R/3 system. But in practice, the services aredistributed across more than one application server. This means that not all application

servers will provide the full range of services. The message server is responsible forcommunication between the application servers. It passes requests from one application

server to another within the system. It also contains information about application servergroups and the current load balancing within them. It uses this information to choose an

appropriate server when a user logs onto the system.

The application server exists to interpret ABAP/4 programs, and they only run there-theprograms do not run on the presentation server. An ABAP/4 program can start an

executable on the presentation server, but an ABAP/4 program cannot execute there. If your ABAP/4 program requests information from the database, the application server willformat the request and send it to the database server.cvb.

Database Server

The database server handles the user's request for addition, retrieval and modifications in

the data.

Security

Server-to-server communications can be encrypted with the SAP cryptographic library.However, the SAP cryptographic library does not cover client-to-server encryptedcommunications; an external technology covering Secure Network Communications and

Secure Socket Layer would have to be provided.

SAP Testing:

SAP Testing is same as manual testing but here the applications are SAP R/3 and Enterpriseportal. Whenever there is change in R/3 and Portal and you need to design test casesaccording the change request and test the application.

If you have knowledge in the module (like HR, CRM, SD, SRM), which you are going to test

would be helpful to you.